1、BSI Standards PublicationPD ISO/TR 16730-4:2013Fire safety engineering Assessment, verificationand validation of calculationmethodsPart 4: Example of a structural modelCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or
2、networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-4:2013 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR16730-4:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee FSH/24, Fire safety engineering.A list of org
3、anizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014
4、ISBN 978 0 580 74864 6ICS 13.220.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyrigh
5、t British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-4:2013 ISO 2013Fire safety engineering Assessment, verification and validation of calculation methods Part 4:
6、Example of a structural modelIngnierie de la scurit incendie valuation, vrification et validation des mthodes de calcul Partie 4: Exemple dun modle structuralTECHNICAL REPORTISO/TR16730-4First edition2013-11-01Reference numberISO/TR 16730-4:2013(E)Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by
7、IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-4:2013ISO/TR 16730-4:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part o
8、f this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body
9、in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for Res
10、aleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-4:2013ISO/TR 16730-4:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 General information on the structural model . 13 Methodology used in this Technical Report . 1Annex
11、A (informative) Description of the calculation method . 2Annex B (informative) Complete description of the assessment (verification and validation) of the calculation method 9Bibliography .13Worked example 14User manual 15Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI
12、 - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-4:2013ISO/TR 16730-4:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
13、 preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental
14、, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO
15、/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that
16、 some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent dec
17、larations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about
18、ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 4, Fire safety engineering.ISO 16730 consists of the following parts, under
19、the general title Fire safety engineering Assessment, verification and validation of calculation methods: Part 2: Example of a fire zone model Technical Report Part 3: Example of a CFD model Technical Report Part 4: Example of a structural model Technical Report Part 5: Example of an Egress model Te
20、chnical ReportThe following parts are under preparation: Part 1: General (revision of ISO 16730:2008)iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
21、 from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-4:2013ISO/TR 16730-4:2013(E)IntroductionCertain commercial entities, equipment, products, or materials are identified in this document in order to describe a procedure or concept adequately or to trace the history of the procedures and practices used. Such identificatio
22、n is not intended to imply recommendation, endorsement, or implication that the entities, products, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Nor does such identification imply a finding of fault or negligence by the International Standards Organization.For the part
23、icular case of the example application of ISO 16730-1 described in this document, ISO takes no responsibility for the correctness of the code used or the validity of the verification or the validation statements for this example. By publishing the example, ISO does not endorse the use of the softwar
24、e or the model assumptions described therein and states that there are other calculation methods available. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without l
25、icense from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-4:2013Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-4:2013Fire safety engineering Assessment, verification and v
26、alidation of calculation methods Part 4: Example of a structural model1 ScopeThis part of ISO 16730 shows how ISO 16730-1 is applied to a calculation method for a specific example. It demonstrates how technical and users aspects of the method are properly described in order to enable the assessment
27、of the method in view of verification and validation.The example in this part of ISO 16730 describes the application of procedures given in ISO 16730-1 for a structural fire resistance model.The main objective of the specific model treated here is the simulation of the heat transfer and structural r
28、esponses of wall assemblies.2 General information on the structural modelAn analytical model for predicting the fire resistance of load bearing, gypsum protected, wood-stud wall assemblies is presented. The model couples a heat transfer sub-model and a structural sub-model. The heat transfer sub-mod
29、el predicts the temperature profile inside the wood-stud wall and the time to insulation failure. The structural sub-model, based on the elastic buckling-load, uses the temperature profile to calculate the deflection of the wood studs and the time to structural failure of the assembly.3 Methodology
30、used in this Technical ReportFor the calculation method considered, checks based on ISO 16730-1 and as outlined in this Technical Report are applied. This Technical Report lists in Annexes A and B the important issues to be checked in the left-hand column of a two-column table. The issues addressed
31、are then described in detail, and it is shown how these were dealt with during the development of the calculation method in the right-hand column of the Annexes A and B cited above, where Annex A covers the description of the calculation method and Annex B covers the complete description of the asse
32、ssment (verification and validation) of the particular calculation method. The Bibliography includes a worked example and user manual.TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16730-4:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Co
33、py Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-4:2013ISO/TR 16730-4:2013(E)Annex A (informative) Description of the calculation methodA.1 PurposeDefinition of problem solved or function per-formedTo develop an analytical model to predict the fir
34、e resistance of lightweight wood-frame wall assemblies exposed to fires. The model evaluates the heat transfer and structural responses based on experimental observations, material properties at elevated temperatures and equations of strength of materials.Description of results of calculation method
35、To simulate the fire resistance behaviour of wood-frame assemblies, it is essential to evaluate their thermal and structural responses when exposed to fires. The thermal response gives estimates of the temperature distribution in the assembly. The structural response calculates the structural failur
36、e of an assembly, based on this temperature distribution.Inclusion of feasibility studies and justification statementsTraditionally, fire resistance of wood-frame assemblies has generally been evalu-ated by: subjecting an assembly to testing in accordance with procedures outlined in standards or usi
37、ng reference to ready-to-use tables or design procedures (component additive method) found in building codes or alternatively, fire resistance can be evaluated using validated numerical models that are becoming available.Fire resistance test methods have drawbacks, including high costs and time, lim
38、itations of specimen geometry and loading, and to a lesser degree repeatability. Calculation methods offer one way of overcoming some of these problems when attempting to assess the fire resistance of lightweight-framed assemblies. Calcula-tion methods also aid in designing an experimental program,
39、improve products manufacturing, and assist the industry in taking full advantage of the opportu-nities offered by performance-based codes, as these methods would facilitate a faster design process.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license wit
40、h BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-4:2013ISO/TR 16730-4:2013(E)A.2 TheoryDescription of underly-ing conceptual model (governing phenomena), if applicableIn order to develop a fire resistance model for wall asse
41、mblies that replicate test results, the fire resistance behaviour from the experimental program must be carefully observed. Test results have shown that the behaviour of wood-stud wall assemblies, when exposed to fire, depends on several key factors: the layers of gypsum board separating the wood jo
42、ists from the flames, the insulation between the joists, the material properties of the wood joists, and the temperatures to which the assembly is subjected.The model comprises two sub-models, a heat transfer sub-model and a structural response sub-model. The heat transfer sub-model, called WALL2D,
43、predicts the thermal response. The heat transfer model determines the temperature distribu-tion in the wall as a function of time, taking into account the heat absorbed in the dehydration of gypsum and wood, and in the pyrolysis of wood, without consid-ering mass transfer. The heat transfer model us
44、es thermo-physical properties of wood, gypsum board, and insulation. The heat transfer model also predicts the effect of glass-fibre and rock-fibre insulation on the fire resistance of wood-stud walls, by combining conduction and radiation heat transfer through the insulation, and is represented by
45、a temperature-dependent effective thermal conductivity and density of the insulation. In addition, the heat transfer model calculates the flow of hot gases through the opening into the stud cavity based on shrinkage of gypsum board and opening of the joints, as well as the advance of the char layer
46、into the cross-section of the stud with time.The structural fire performance of wood-frame assemblies is affected by the rate of charring, degradation of the mechanical properties of the wood at elevated tem-peratures, and the load sustained by the assemblies. To determine the structural response, a
47、 critical buckling sub-model is implemented with the heat transfer model. The sub-model uses the temperature distribution predicted by the heat transfer model as an input, then calculates the deflection and the critical elastic buckling-load for a wood-stud wall. The buckling of the wood studs is re
48、stricted to the strong axis because of the lateral support by the gypsum board. The studs deflection is estimated using the theory of elasticity. The deflection of the stud, as predicted for a hinged-hinged eccentric column, can be calculated by considering the stud as a beam-column structure. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD I
