1、BSI Standards PublicationPD ISO/TR 22100-2:2013Safety of machinery Relationship with ISO 12100Part 2: How ISO 12100 relates to ISO13849-1Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
2、cense from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 22100-2:2013 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR22100-2:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MCE/3, Safeguarding of machinery.A list of organizations represented on this
3、 committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 81547 8ICS 13.1
4、10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyright British Standards Institution P
5、rovided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 22100-2:2013 ISO 2013Safety of machinery Relationship with ISO 12100 Part 2: How ISO 12100 relates to ISO 13849-1Scurit des machines Relation avec lI
6、SO 12100 Partie 2: Relation entre lISO 12100 et lISO 13849-1TECHNICAL REPORTISO/TR22100-2First edition2013-12-15Reference numberISO/TR 22100-2:2013(E)Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitt
7、ed without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 22100-2:2013ISO/TR 22100-2:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic
8、 or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22
9、749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 22100-2:2013ISO/
10、TR 22100-2:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative reference . 13 General structure of the system of machinery safety standards 14 The risk assessment and risk reduction process . 25 Interrelation between ISO 12100 and ISO 13849-1. 45.1 Ge
11、neral . 45.2 Input information to ISO 13849-1 45.3 Output information resulting from ISO 13849-1 5Bibliography 6Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO
12、/TR 22100-2:2013ISO/TR 22100-2:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
13、interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotech
14、nical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO d
15、ocuments should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respo
16、nsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given
17、 for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
18、URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.ISO/TR 22100 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of machinery Relationship with ISO 12100: Part 2: How ISO 12100 relates to ISO 13849-1How ISO 12100 rel
19、ates to type-B and type-C standards and the implementation of ergonomics in safety standards are to form the subjects of future parts 1 and 3.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproductio
20、n or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 22100-2:2013ISO/TR 22100-2:2013(E)IntroductionThe use of ISO 12100 and ISO 13849-1 has shown that readers have experienced difficulty in understanding how these two documents work together. This document has been prepared to guide read
21、ers in how the standards are to be used to achieve tolerable risk for a machine in general and for the safety-related parts of the control system, in particular. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for R
22、esaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 22100-2:2013Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 22100-2:2013
23、Safety of machinery Relationship with ISO 12100 Part 2: How ISO 12100 relates to ISO 13849-11 ScopeThis part of ISO/TR 22100 describes the general relationship between ISO 12100 and ISO 13849-1 used to reduce the risk of harm. It focuses on the use of safety-related parts of control systems in relat
24、ion to risk assessment and the risk reduction process.NOTE The explanations about the relationship to ISO 12100 given in this document are relevant for ISO 13849-1 but could be applied in a similar manner to IEC 62061.2 Normative referenceThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively
25、 referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Ris
26、k assessment and risk reductionISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems Part 1: General principles for design3 General structure of the system of machinery safety standardsStandards on safety of machinery have the following structure: type-A standards (basic safety st
27、andards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that can be applied to machinery; type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery; type-C standards (machine safety standar
28、ds) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines.As shown in Figure 1, ISO 12100 is the type-A standard specifying the general principles for safety of machinery and applies to all machinery. ISO 13849-1 is a typical type-B standard addressing a particular
29、aspect and can be used across a wide range of machinery.TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 22100-2:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
30、IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 22100-2:2013ISO/TR 22100-2:2013(E)Figure 1 General structure of the system of machinery safety standards4 The risk assessment and risk reduction processThe fundamental International Standard for safety of machinery is ISO 12100. Machinery manufacturers should work through the risk
31、assessment and risk reduction process described in ISO 12100 to identify hazards, estimate risks, and reduce risks adequately (tolerable risk).Figure 2 shows the risk assessment and risk reduction process according to ISO 12100 and contains additional information regarding its interrelation with ISO
32、 13849-1.As shown in Figure 2, ISO 13849-1 is relevant for cases where a risk assessment according to ISO 12100 has initiated a risk reduction measure (e. g. interlocking guard) that relies on a safety-related control system. In those cases, the safety-related control system has to perform a safety
33、function. The application of ISO 13849-1 is restricted to those cases only.In the risk assessment and risk reduction process of ISO 12100 (iterative three-step method), the hazards related to a machine shall be identified and the risk estimated. As shown in Figure 2, risk estimation initially occurs
34、 prior to risk reduction. The initial risk is estimated using one of various risk scoring systems or methods (see ISO/TR 14121-2). It should be noted that the method given in ISO 13849-1 is primarily intended to be used for safety functions carried out by safety-related control systems. For example,
35、 a resulting category or performance level makes no sense for a slipping hazard or falling hazard.When a control system with safety functions is selected as a protective/risk reduction measure (such as a guard door interlock) in accordance with ISO 12100, then ISO 13849-1 should be used to design an
36、d evaluate the safety-related parts of the control system. Only the part of the control system that is safety-related falls under the scope of ISO 13849-1. Not all aspects of the control system perform safety functions such as some proximity sensors, parts counters, or monitoring devices. There is n
37、o need to apply ISO 13849-1 to non-safety-related parts of the control system.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR
38、22100-2:2013ISO/TR 22100-2:2013(E)KeyaThe first time the question is asked, it is answered by the result of the initial risk assessment.Figure 2 Schematic representation of risk assessment and risk reduction process according to ISO 12100:2010, Figure 1 ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3Copyright Britis
39、h Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 22100-2:2013ISO/TR 22100-2:2013(E)5 Interrelation between ISO 12100 and ISO 13849-15.1 GeneralFor the correct application of
40、 ISO 13849-1, basic input information resulting from the application of the overall risk assessment and risk reduction process for the particular machine design is necessary. Based on this input information, the safety-related parts of the control system can be appropriately designed according to IS
41、O 13849-1. Information resulting from a detailed design of safety-related parts of the control system relevant for its integration into the machine design has then to be considered in the overall risk assessment and risk reduction process according to ISO 12100. Figure 3 illustrates this interrelati
42、on.Figure 3 Interrelation between ISO 12100 and ISO 13849-15.2 Input information to ISO 13849-1The following input information to ISO 13849-1 from the application of the overall risk assessment and risk reduction process according to ISO 12100 for the particular machine is necessary for the correct
43、application of ISO 13849-1.a) The limits of the machine according to ISO 12100:2010, 5.3, including1) use limits,2) space limits,3) time limits, and4) other limits (for example, environmental conditions).b) The risk associated with a particular hazardous situation according to ISO 12100:2010, 5.5.2
44、which depends on the following elements1) severity of harm, and2) probability of occurrence of that harm, which is a function ofi) exposure of person(s) to the hazard,ii) occurrence of a hazardous event, andiii) technical and human possibilities to avoid or limit the harm.4 ISO 2013 All rights reser
45、vedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 22100-2:2013ISO/TR 22100-2:2013(E)These elements of risk should consider all risk reduction measures (inh
46、erently safe design, safeguarding/protective measures) already taken in the iterative process according to ISO 12100. In cases where no risk reduction measures (inherently safe design, safeguarding/protective measures) were taken so far, the elements of risk are identical with those obtained in the
47、first step of the iterative process according to ISO 12100.NOTE 1 The occurrence of a hazardous event can be of technical or human origin. For further explanation see ISO 13849-1:2006, A.2.3, as amended by ISO 13849-1:2006/Amd 1.NOTE 2 The occurrence of a hazardous event and the technical and human
48、possibilities to avoid or limit the harm are included the same parameter, P, of ISO 13849-1:2006, Annex A.In cases where for the overall risk assessment and risk reduction process according to ISO 12100 a scale for the elements of risk is used, the output from the risk assessment tool used should be mapped appropriately to the Performance Level scale given in ISO 13849-1. All necessary input information for the selection of the required Performance Level, PLr,(elements of risk
