1、BSI Standards PublicationPaper and board Automatedon-line testing Metrologicalcomparability between standardized measurements and output of on-line gaugesPD ISO/TS 20460:2015National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 20460:2015.The UK participation in its preparation
2、 was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for i
3、ts correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 89161 8ICS 85.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and S
4、trategy Committee on 30 November 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD ISO/TS 20460:2015 ISO 2015Paper and board Automated on-line testing Metrological comparability between standardized measurements and output of on-line gaugesPapiers et cartons E
5、ssais en ligne automatiss Comparabilit mtrologique entre mesures normalises et rsultats de jauges en continuTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONISO/TS20460Reference numberISO/TS 20460:2015(E)First edition2015-11-15PD ISO/TS 20460:2015ISO/TS 20460:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
6、 ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written perm
7、ission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgPD ISO/TS 20460:2015ISO/T
8、S 20460:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Methodology requirements 74.1 Requirements for the measuring equipment and its measurement process 74.1.1 General requirements for measuring systems . 74.1.2 Consistency of the online equipment it
9、self . 84.1.3 Consistency of the online measurement process 84.2 Requirements for comparison of online and off-line equipment 84.2.1 Calibration procedure principles . 84.2.2 Calibration procedure requirements 95 Methods to evaluate comparability 95.1 Sampling operations, conditioning and stability
10、. 95.2 Basis weight 105.3 Thickness 105.4 Moisture content 105.5 Brightness, colour, whiteness, k and s . 105.6 Ash content . 115.7 Gloss 11Annex A (informative) Typical tolerances .12Annex B (informative) Examples of graphical evaluations 13Annex C (informative) Online gauges principles, limitation
11、s to correlations, sources of errors .14Bibliography .17 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PagePD ISO/TS 20460:2015ISO/TS 20460:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prepa
12、ring International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in l
13、iaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC D
14、irectives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that
15、 some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent dec
16、larations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information
17、about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, boards and pulps.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 20460:2015ISO/TS 20460:2015(E)Intr
18、oductionThere are two concepts discussed in this Technical Specification, calibration and correlation. The calibration process compares the output of an instrument to primary standards having known measurement characteristics. Correlation, in the context of this Technical Specification, is the degre
19、e of association between the quality control laboratory and the online sensor.20Online gauge users are looking to evaluate the capability (in a SPC “Statistical Process Control” sense) of their equipment. This is done usually through a measuring process which mixes a calibration process of the gauge
20、 itself, as presented in 4.1, and a correlation process with laboratory equipment, as presented in 4.2.The requirements for online measuring equipment and its measurement process in the context of paper and board manufacturing is discussed in 4.1. Usual acceptable tolerances for the instrument itsel
21、f and for the process to be measured are given.The gauge itself may regularly be verified automatically through a so-called “automatic standardization” or “internal standardization”. A “static calibration” often refers to an operation during which the gauge is removed from the moving web. A “dynamic
22、 calibration” often refers to an operation on the moving web, either in a fixed position or traversing.The requirements for periodic calibration procedures and for decision-making are given in 4.2. This type of verification is a correlation or a comparison between online and off-line measuring syste
23、m.Results of actions of either 4.1, or 4.2, or both, may lead to a physical “calibration adjustment” of the gauge sensor and constitutes the metrological comparability.Calculations of uncertainties are widely described in several ISO documents18and uncertainties linked to equipment are not within th
24、e scope of this Technical Specification.Properties such as formation, fibre orientation, optical roughness and air permeance are measured widely with online gauges. For these properties, ISO standards for laboratory equipment do not exist or international reference materials are not available, and t
25、herefore testing of these properties are out of the scope of this document. However, it is recommended to use methodology requirements of 4.1 and calibration procedure principles of 4.2.1. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TS 20460:2015Paper and board Automated on-line testing Metrological compar
26、ability between standardized measurements and output of on-line gauges1 ScopeThis Technical Specification establishes guidelines to link and, where applicable, calibrate the online gauge, following laboratory measurement for a given paper and board property.Paper and board online measuring equipment
27、 is mostly based on different technology to that of laboratory equipment. Therefore, this Technical Specification specifies the International Standards to be chosen for the determination of physical properties of paper and board when measured online. It is applicable to all kind of paper and board.I
28、n case of dispute, the usual reference is the laboratory testing but the parties may decide that the online measurements are valid based on the application of this International Standard.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document a
29、nd are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
30、monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samplesISO 287, Paper and board Determination of moisture content of a lot Oven-drying methodISO 534, Paper and board Determination of thickness, density and specific volumeISO 536, Paper and board Determination of grammageISO 1762, Paper, board and pulp
31、s Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 525 degrees CISO 2469, Paper, board and pulps Measurement of diffuse radiance factor (diffuse reflectance factor)ISO 8254-1, Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI methodISO 15397, Graphic te
32、chnology Communication of graphic paper propertiesISO 22514-1, Statistical methods in process management Capability and performance Part 1: General principles and conceptsISO 22514-7, Statistical methods in process management Capability and performance Part 7: Capability of measurement processes3 Te
33、rms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 20460:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TS 20460:2015ISO/TS 20460:2015(E)3.1calibrationoperation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a
34、relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties (3.7) provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result (3.5) from an in
35、dicationNote 1 to entry: A calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.Note 2 to en
36、try: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “self-calibration”, nor with verification (3.15) of calibration.Note 3 to entry: Often, the first step alone in the above definition is perceived as being calibration.SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007,
37、 2.393.2certified reference materialCRMreference material, accompanied by documentation issued by an authoritative body and providing one or more specified property values with associated uncertainties and traceabilities, obtained using valid proceduresEXAMPLE Calibration service for Photometric cal
38、ibration described in ISO 2469:2014, Annex A for the measurement of diffuse radiance factor (diffuse reflectance factor).Note 1 to entry: “Documentation” is given in the form of a “certificate” (see ISO Guide 31:2000).Note 2 to entry: Procedures for the production and certification of certified refe
39、rence materials are given, e.g. in ISO Guide 33 and ISO Guide 35.Note 3 to entry: In this definition, “uncertainty” covers both measurement uncertainty and uncertainty associated with the value of a nominal property, such as for identity and sequence. “Traceability” covers both “metrological traceab
40、ility (3.9) of a quantity value” and “traceability of a nominal property value”.Note 4 to entry: Specified quantity values of certified reference materials require metrological traceability with associated measurement uncertainty (Accredited Quality Assurance, 2006).21Note 5 to entry: ISO/REMCO has
41、an analogous definition (Accredited Quality Assurance, 2006) but uses the modifiers “metrological” and “metrologically” to refer to both quantity and nominal properties.SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 5.143.3control chartchart on which some statistical measure of a series of samples is plotted in a p
42、articular order to steer the process with respect to that measure and to control and reduce variationNote 1 to entry: The particular order is usually based on time or sample number.Note 2 to entry: The control chart operates most effectively when the measure is a process variable which is correlated
43、 with an ultimate product or service characteristic.SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 2.3.12 ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 20460:2015ISO/TS 20460:2015(E)3.4cumulative sum control chartCUSUM chartcontrol chart where the cumulative sum of deviations of successive sample values from a reference value is
44、 plotted to detect shifts in the level of the measure plottedNote 1 to entry: The ordinate of each plotted point represents the algebraic sum of the previous ordinate and the most recent deviation from the reference, target or control value.Note 2 to entry: The best discrimination of changes in leve
45、l is achieved when the reference value is equal to the overall average value.Note 3 to entry: The chart can be used in control, diagnostic or predictive mode.Note 4 to entry: When used in control mode it can be interpreted graphically by a mask (e.g. V-mask) superimposed on the graph. A signal occur
46、s if the path of the CUSUM intersects or touches the boundary of the mask.SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 2.3.53.5measurement resultresult of measurementset of quantity values being attributed to a measureand together with any other available relevant informationNote 1 to entry: A measurement result genera
47、lly contains “relevant information” about the set of quantity values, such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (PDF).Note 2 to entry: A measurement result is generally expressed as a single measured qu
48、antity value and a measurement uncertainty (3.7). If the measurement uncertainty is considered to be negligible for some purpose, the measurement result may be expressed as a single measured quantity value. In many fields, this is the common way of expressing a measurement result.Note 3 to entry: In
49、 the traditional literature and in the previous edition of the VIM, measurement result was defined as a value attributed to a measurand and explained to mean an indication, or an uncorrected result, or a corrected result, according to the context.SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.93.6measuring systemset of one or more measuring instruments and often other devices, including any reagent and material, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate measured quantity values with
