1、CSA INTERNATIONAL - -National Standard of Canada CAN/CSA-ISO/lEC 10514-1-00 (ISO/IEC 10514-1:1996) International Standard ISO/IEC 10514-1:1996 (first edition 1996-06-01) has been adopted without modification as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 10514-1-00, which has been approved as a National Standard o
2、f Canada by the Standards Council of Canada. ISBN 1-SS324-0S7-X March 2000 Information technology - Programming languages -Part 1: Modula-2, Base Language Technologies de I information - Langages de programmation Partie 7: Modula-2, langage de base Reference number ISO/lEe 10514-1:1996(E) The Canadi
3、an Standards Association, which operates under the name CSA International (CSA), under whose auspices this National Standard has been produced, was chartered in 1919 and accredited by the Standards Council of Canada to the National Standards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, nonstatutory, volu
4、ntary membership association engaged in standards development and certification activities. CSA standards reflect a national consensus of producers and users - including manufacturers, consumers, retailers, unions and professional organizations, and governmental agencies. The standards are used wide
5、ly by industry and commerce and often adopted by municipal, provincial, and federal governments in their regulations, particularly in the fields of health, safety, building and construction, and the environment. Individuals, companies, and associations across Canada indicate their support for CSAs s
6、tandards development by volunteering their time and skills to CSA Committee work and supporting the Associations objectives through sustaining memberships. The more than 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 sustaining memberships together form CSAs total membership from which its Directors are cho
7、sen. Sustaining memberships represent a major source of income for CSAs standards development activities. The Association offers certification and testing services in support of and as an extension to its standards development activities. To ensure the integrity of its certification process, the Ass
8、ociation regularly and continually audits and inspects products that bear the CSA Mark. In addition to its head office and laboratory complex in Toronto, CSA has regional branch offices in major centres across Canada and inspection and testing agencies in eight countries. Since 1919, the Association
9、 has developed the necessary expertise to meet its corporate mission: CSA is an independent service organization whose mission is to provide an open and effective forum for activities facilitating the exchange of goods and services through the use of standards, certification and related services to
10、meet national and international needs. For futher information on CSA services, write to CSA International 178 Rexdale Boulevard Toronto, Ontario, M9W 1 R3 Canada CSA INTERNATIONAL -The Standards Council of Canada is the coordinating body of the National Standards system, a federation of independent,
11、 autonomous organizations working towards the further development and improvement of voluntary standardization in the national interest. The principal objects of the Council are to foster and promote voluntary standardization as a means of advancing the national economy, benefiting the health, safet
12、y, and welfare of the public, assisting and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic and international trade, and furthering international cooperation in the field of standards. A National Standard of Canada is a standard which has been approved by the Standards Council of Canada and one which
13、 reflects a reasonable agreement among the views of a number of capable individuals whose collective interests provide to the greatest practicable extent a balance of representation of producers, users, consumers, and others with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. It n
14、ormally is a standard which is capable of making a significant and timely contribution to the national interest. Approval of a standard as a National Standard of Canada indicates that a standard conforms to the criteria and procedures established by the Standards Council of Canada. Approval does not
15、 refer to the technical content of the standard; this remains the continuing responsibility of the accredited standards-development organization. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use National Standards of Canada whenever practicable. These standards are subject to periodic
16、review; therefore, users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard. The responsibility for approving National Standards of Canada rests with the Standards Council of Canada 45 OConnor Street, Suite 1200 Ottawa, Ontario, K1 P 6N7 Canada Although the inten
17、ded primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 70574-7 -00 Information technology - Programming languages -Part 7: Modula-2, Base Language
18、CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 10514-1-00 Infonnation technology -Progralnlning languages - Part 1: Modula-2, Base Language CSA Preface Standards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with international standards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on Information Technolog
19、y (fClT), Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 on Information Technology (lSO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO member body for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the lEe. Also, as a member of
20、 the International Telecommunication Union (lTU), Canada participates in the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (lTU-T). This International Standard was reviewed by the CSA TCiT under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Information Technology and deemed
21、acceptable for use in Canada. (A committee membership list is available on request from the CSA Project Manager.) From time to time, ISO/IEC may publish addenda, corrigenda, etc. The CSA TCiT will review these documents for approval and publication. For a listing, refer to the CSA Information Produc
22、ts catalogue or CSA Info Update or contact a CSA Sales representative. This Standard has been formally approved, without modification, by these Committees and has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada. March 2000 CSA International- 2000 All rights reserved
23、. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher. ISO/IEC material is reprinted with permission. Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada should be addressed to CSA International, 778 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario,
24、 M9W 7 R3. March 2000 CSA/l INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/lEe 10514-1 First edition 1996-06-01 Information technology - Programming languages -Part 1: Modula-2, Base Language Technologies de I information - Langages de programmation Partie 1. Modula-2, langage de base Reference number ISO/lEe 10514-1:1
25、996(E) ISO/lEe 10514-1 1996(E) Contents Page Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIV Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Section 1: Scope . 1 1.1 Goals. 1 1.2 Specifications included in this part of ISO JIEC 10514 . 1 1.3 Specifications not within the scope of this part ofISO JIEC 10514. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 2: Normative Ref
27、erences . 3 Section 3: Definitions, Structure, and Conventions 4 3.1 Definitions. 4 3.2 Structure of the Formal Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3 Conventions 8 3.3.1 Informative text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.3.2 Typographical conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.3.3 References to pervasive identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3.4 Interpretation of non-VDM-SL notations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3.5 References to formal parameter names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Section 4: Requirements for I
30、mplementations 10 4.1 Translation. 10 4.2 Source Code Representation 10 4.3 Ordering of Declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.4 Predefined Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.5 Library Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.6 Errors. 12 4.7 Exceptions. 12 4.8 Implementation-dependencies. 13 4.9 Documentation 13 4.10
32、Statement of Compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.11 Minimum requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ISO /IEC 1996 All rights
33、 reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISO/IEC Copyright Office. Case Post ale 56 CH-1211 Geneve 20
34、 Switzerland ii ISO/IEC ISO /IEe 10514-1 1996(E) Section 5: The Lexis . 16 5.1 Source Code Structure 16 5.2 Word tokens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.2.1 Identifiers 16 5.2.2 Portable Identifiers.
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.2.3 Full Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.2.4 Pervasive Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.2.
36、5 Keywords 17 5.3 Symbols and Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.3.1 Required Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.3.2 Symbols
37、 with alternatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.3.3 Operators 18 5.4 Constant Literals 20 5.4.1 Whole Number Literals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.4.2 Rea
38、l Literals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.4.3 String Literals 20 5.5 Separators. 21 5.5.1 White Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . 21 5.5.2 Comments. 21 5.5.3 Source Code Directives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.6 Letters and National Characters . “ 21 Section 6: The Language 23 6.1 Programs, Program Modules, and Separate Modules 23 6.1.1 Programs a
40、nd Compilation Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6.1.2 Program Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6.1.3 Definition Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.1.4 6.1.5 6.1.6 6.1.7 6.1.8 6.1.9 6.1.10 6.1.11 Implementation Modules . 6.1.4.1 Sourced Implementation Modules . . 6.1.4.2 Abstract Implementation Modules . . Program Module and Separate Module Consistency . 6.1.5.1 Definition
42、 Module and Implementation Module Consistency . 6.1.5.2 Module Compilation Order . 6.1.5.3 Module Dependencies . Module Initialization Order . Program Termination . Import Lists . . 30 31 33 34 34 36 37 38 40 41 6.1.8.1 Import List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 6.1.8.2 Simple Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 6.1.8.3 Unqualified Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 6.1.8.4 Import Consiste
44、ncy in Definition Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 6.1.8.5 Import Consistency in Module Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Export Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . 46 6.1.9.1 Unqualified Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 6.1.9.2 Qualified Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Implicit Import and Export 48 Protected
46、 Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 6.2 Definitions and Declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6.2.1 Identifiers 52 6.2.2 Qualified Identifiers 52 6.2.3 Defin
47、itions. 54 6.2.4 Type Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 6.2.5 Procedure Headings , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 6.2.5.1 Proper Procedure Headings.
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 6.2.5.2 Function Procedure Headings . 60 6.2.5.3 Formal Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 6.2.6 Declarations 63 iii ISO flEe 10514-1 1996(E) ISOjIEC i
49、v 6.2.7 6.2.8 6.2.9 6.2.10 Ordering of Procedure and Module Declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Constant Declarations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Type Declarations . 68 Variable Declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 6.2.11 Procedure Declarations - . 71 73 76 79 82 82 6.2.12 6.2.13 6.2.11.1 Proper Procedure Declarations . . 6.2.11.2 Function Procedure Declarat
