1、 National Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13818-3:02(ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998)International Standard ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998 (second edition, 1998-04-15), has been adopted withoutmodification (IDT) as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13818-3:02, which has been approved as a NationalStandard of Canada by the
2、Standards Council of Canada.ISBN 1-55324-726-4 March 2002Information technology Generic codingof moving pictures and associated audioinformation Part 3:AudioTechnologies de linformation Codage gnrique des images animeset des informations sonores associes Partie 3: SonReference numberISO/IEC 113818-3
3、:1998(E)The Canadian Standards Association (CSA), The Standards Council of Canada is theunder whose auspices this National Standard has been coordinating body of the National Standards system, produced, was chartered in 1919 and accredited by a federation of independent, autonomousthe Standards Coun
4、cil of Canada to the National organizations working towards the furtherStandards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, development and improvement of voluntarynonstatutory, voluntary membership association standardization in the national interest.engaged in standards development and certification
5、The principal objects of the Council are to foster activities. and promote voluntary standardization as a means CSA standards reflect a national consensus of of advancing the national economy, benefiting theproducers and users including manufacturers, health, safety, and welfare of the public, assis
6、ting consumers, retailers, unions and professional and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic organizations, and governmental agencies. The and international trade, and furthering internationalstandards are used widely by industry and commerce cooperation in the field of standards.and often
7、adopted by municipal, provincial, and A National Standard of Canada is a standard whichfederal governments in their regulations, particularly in has been approved by the Standards Council ofthe fields of health, safety, building and construction, Canada and one which reflects a reasonableand the env
8、ironment. agreement among the views of a number of capableIndividuals, companies, and associations across individuals whose collective interests provide to theCanada indicate their support for CSAs standards greatest practicable extent a balance ofdevelopment by volunteering their time and skills to
9、 representation of producers, users, consumers, andCSA Committee work and supporting the Associations others with relevant interests, as may be appropriateobjectives through sustaining memberships. The more to the subject in hand. It normally is a standardthan 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000
10、which is capable of making a significant and timelysustaining memberships together form CSAs total contribution to the national interest.membership from which its Directors are chosen. Approval of a standard as a National Standard ofSustaining memberships represent a major source of Canada indicates
11、 that a standard conforms to theincome for CSAs standards development activities. criteria and procedures established by the StandardsThe Association offers certification and testing Council of Canada. Approval does not refer to theservices in support of and as an extension to its technical content
12、of the standard; this remains thestandards development activities. To ensure the continuing responsibility of the accreditedintegrity of its certification process, the Association standards-development organization.regularly and continually audits and inspects products Those who have a need to apply
13、 standards arethat bear the CSA Mark. encouraged to use National Standards of CanadaIn addition to its head office and laboratory complex whenever practicable. These standards are subject in Toronto, CSA has regional branch offices in major to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned centres
14、across Canada and inspection and testing to obtain the latest edition from the organizationagencies in eight countries. Since 1919, the preparing the standard.Association has developed the necessary expertise to The responsibility for approving National Standards meet its corporate mission: CSA is a
15、n independent of Canada rests with theservice organization whose mission is to provide an Standards Council of Canadaopen and effective forum for activities facilitating the 270 Albert Street, Suite 200exchange of goods and services through the use of Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6N7standards, certification
16、 and related services to meet Canadanational and international needs.For further information on CSA services, write toCanadian Standards Association178 Rexdale BoulevardToronto, Ontario, M9W 1R3CanadaAlthough the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is importantto
17、 note that it remains the responsibility of the users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.Registered trade-mark of Canadian Standards AssociationInformation technology Generic coding of moving picturesCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13818-3:02 and associated audio information Part 3: AudioMarch 20
18、02 Canadian Standards Association CSA/1CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13818-3:02Information technology Genericcoding of moving pictures andassociated audio information Part 3: AudioCSA PrefaceThis is the second edition of CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13818-3. It supersedes the previousedition published in 1996 (ad
19、option of ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995).Standards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with internationalstandards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on Information Technology (TCIT),Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC Joint Technic
20、al Committee 1 onInformation Technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO memberbody for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the IEC. Also, as a member of theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the International Tel
21、egraph andTelephone Consultative Committee (ITU-T).This International Standard was reviewed by the CSA TCIT under the jurisdiction of the StrategicSteering Committee on Information Technology and deemed acceptable for use in Canada. (Acommittee membership list is available on request from the CSA Pr
22、oject Manager.) From time to time,ISO/IEC may publish addenda, corrigenda, etc. The CSA TCIT will review these documents for approvaland publication. For a listing, refer to the CSA Information Products catalogue or CSA Info Update orcontact a CSA Sales representative. This Standard has been formall
23、y approved, without modification, bythese Committees and has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the Standards Council ofCanada.March 2002 Canadian Standards Association 2002All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior perm
24、issionof the publisher. ISO/IEC material is reprinted with permission. Where the words “this International Standard” appearin the text, they should be interpreted as “this National Standard of Canada”. Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada should be addressed to Canadian Standards Ass
25、ociation 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R31-800-463-6727 416-747-4044www.csa.caB CReference numberISO/IEC 13818-3:1998(E)INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO/IEC13818-3Second edition1998-04-15Information technology Generic codingof moving pictures and associated audioinformation Part 3:Aud
26、ioTechnologies de linformation Codage gnrique des images animeset des informations sonores associes Partie 3: SonISO/IEC 13818-3:1998(E)iiContentsPageSection 1: General. 11.1 Scope. 11.2 Normative references. 1Section 2: Technical elements 22.1 Definitions. 22.2 Symbols and abbreviations 132.3 Metho
27、d of describing bit stream syntax. 162.4 Requirements for Extension of ISO/IEC 11172-3 to Lower Sampling Frequencies 182.5 Requirements for Extension of ISO/IEC 11172-3 to Multichannel Audio 242.6 Registration of Copyright Identifiers. 65AnnexesA. Diagrams. 66B. Tables . 69C. The encoding process .
28、73D. Psychoacoustic models . 84E. Ancillary Data Use 108F. List of patent holders. 110G. Registration Procedure . 112H. Registration Application Form . 114I. Registration Authority 115 ISO/IEC 1998All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utili
29、zed in any form or byany means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from thepublisher.ISO/IEC Copyright Office Case Postale 56 CH1211 Genve 20 Switzerland ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998(E)iiiForewordISO (the International Organization for Stand
30、ardization) and IEC (the International ElectrotechnicalCommission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members ofISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees establishedby the respective organization
31、 to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technicalcommittees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.In the field of information technology, ISO a
32、nd IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IECJTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodiesfor voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodiescasting a vote.Inte
33、rnational Standard ISO/IEC 13818-3 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1,Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermediainformation.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995), which has been tech
34、nicallyrevised.ISO/IEC 13818 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Generic codingof moving pictures and associated audio information: Part 1: Systems Part 2: Video Part 3: Audio Part 4: Compliance testing Part 5: Software simulation Part 6: Extensions for DS
35、M-CC Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) Part 9: Extension for real time interface for systems decoders Part 10: Conformance extensions for DSM-CCAnnexes A and B form an integral part of this part of ISO/IEC 13818. Annexes C to I are for information only.ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998(E) ISO/IECivIntroduction
36、ISO/IEC 13818 was prepared by SC29/WG11, also known as MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group). MPEGwas formed in 1988 to establish a standard for the coded representation of moving pictures and associated audiostored on digital storage media.ISO/IEC 13818 is published in three parts. Part 1 - systems -
37、 specifies the system coding layer of the standard. Itdefines a multiplexed structure for combining audio and video data and means of representing the timinginformation needed to replay synchronised sequences in real-time. Part 2 - video - specifies the codedrepresentation of video data and the deco
38、ding process required to reconstruct pictures. Part 3 - audio - specifiesthe coded representation of audio data and the decoding process required to decode audio signals.The technical changes in this 2nd edition compared to the first publication of ISO/IEC 13818-3 (1995) are:1. In the first publicat
39、ion, certain combinations of dynamic crosstalk and prediction were not prohibited but notpractically implementable. In this 2nd revision, these combinations are explicitly prohibited.2. In the first publication, a low-pass filter was to be applied to the monophonic surround signal in matrixmode 2 (a
40、nalogue surround mode). This filter is omitted in this edition, greatly simplifying the decoder.3. The description of the syntax of the LFE channel was ambiguous. This description has been clarified.Next to these technical changes, many editorial changes have been made, improving readability and cla
41、rity.0.1 Extension of ISO/IEC 11172-3 Audio Coding to Lower Sampling FrequenciesIn order to achieve better audio quality at very low bit rates ( 0| x | = 0 when x = 0| x | = x when x 0Sign(x) = 0 when x = 0Sign(x) = 1 when x Greater than.= Greater than or equal to. Shift right with sign extension. S
42、hift left with zero fill.2.2.5 Assignment= Assignment operator.2.2.6 MnemonicsThe following mnemonics are defined to describe the different data types used in the coded bit stream.bslbf Bit string, left bit first, where “left“ is the order in which bit strings are written inISO/IEC 13818. Bit string
43、s are written as a string of 1s and 0s within single quotemarks, e.g. 1000 0001. Blanks within a bit string are for ease of reading and have nosignificance.centre_chan Index of centre channel.centre_limited Variable which indicates whether a subband of the centre is not transmitted. It is usedin the
44、 case of Phantom coding of centre channel.ch Channel. If ch has the value 0, the left channel of a stereo signal or the first of twoindependent signals is indicated.dyn_cross dyn_cross means that dynamic crosstalk is used for a certain transmission channel anda certain subband.gr Granule of 3 * 32 s
45、ubband samples in audio Layer II, 18 * 32 subband samples inaudio Layer III.Lo, Ro Compatible stereo audio signals.L, C, R, LS, RS Left, centre, right, left surround and right surround audio signals.Lw, Cw, Rw,LSw, RSwWeighted left, centre, right, left surround and right surround audio signals. Thew
46、eighting is necessary for two reasons:1) All signals have to be attenuated prior to encoding to avoid overload whencalculating the compatible stereo signal.2) The matrix equations contain attenuation factors and other processing like phaseshifting.The weighted and processed signals are actually code
47、d, transmitted and denormalisedin the decoder.left_surr_chan Index of left surround channel.main_data The main_data portion of the bit stream contains the scalefactors, Huffman encodeddata and ancillary information.mlsblimit Maximum used subband in multilingual part of bitstream.mono_surr_chan Index
48、 of the mono surround channel. This index is identical to the index of the leftsurround channel.msblimit Maximum used subband in multichannel extension part of bitstream.nch Number of channels; equal to 1 for single_channel mode, 2 in other modes.nmch Number of channels in the multichannel extension
49、 part.nmlch Number of multilingual channels.ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998(E) ISO/IEC16npred Number of allowed predictors according to the tables in 2.5.2.15.npredcoeff Number of prediction coefficients used.part2_length The number of main_data bits used for scalefactors.pci index of predictor0, 1, 2.px index of predictor0, 1, , npred-1.right_surr_chan Index of right surround channel.rpchof Remainder polynomial coefficients, highest order first.sb Subband.sbgr Groups of individual subbands according to subbandgroup table in 2
