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21、sauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044Visit our Online Store at shop.csa.caApproved byStandards Council of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 16262:13Information technology Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces ECMAScript language specificationPrepared by Int
22、ernationalOrganizationforStandardization/ International Electrotechnical CommissionReviewed byCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 16262:13Information technology Programminglanguages, their environments and system softwareinterfaces ECMAScript language specificationCSA/4 2013 CSA Group January 2013CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 16262:
23、13Information technology Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces ECMAScript language specificationCSA PrefaceStandards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with international standards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on
24、Information Technology (TCIT), Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 on Information Technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO member body for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the IEC.
25、 Also, as a member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (ITU-T).This Standard supersedes CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 16262-04 (adoption of ISO/IEC 16262:2002).At the time of publication, ISO/IEC 16262:2011 is
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32、rence numberISO/IEC 16262:2011(E)ISO/IEC 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC16262Third edition2011-06.15Information technology Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces ECMAScript language specification Technologies de linformation Langages de programmation, leurs envir
33、onnements et interfaces de logiciel systme Spcification du langage ECMAscript ISO/IEC 16262:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic
34、al, including photocop ying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.o
35、rg ii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedISO/IEC 16262:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword.viii Introduction.ix 1 Scope.1 2 Conformance.1 3 Normative references.1 4 Overview1 4.1 Web Scripting2 4.2 Language Overview2 4.2.1 Objects.3 4.2.2 The Strict Variant of ECMAScript4
36、 4.3 Terms and definitions.4 5 Notational Conventions8 5.1 Syntactic and Lexical Grammars.8 5.1.1 Context-Free Grammars.8 5.1.2 The Lexical and RegExp Grammars8 5.1.3 The Numeric String Grammar8 5.1.4 The Syntactic Grammar8 5.1.5 The JSON Grammar9 5.1.6 Grammar Notation9 5.2 Algorithm Conventions12
37、6 Source Text.13 7 Lexical Conventions.14 7.1 Unicode Format-Control Characters.14 7.2 White Space.15 7.3 Line Terminators.15 7.4 Comments.16 7.5 Tokens.17 7.6 Identifier Names and Identifiers.17 7.6.1 Reserved Words18 7.7 Punctuators.19 7.8 Literals.20 7.8.1 Null Literals.20 7.8.2 Boolean Literals2
38、0 7.8.3 Numeric Literals20 7.8.4 String Literals22 7.8.5 Regular Expression Literals.25 7.9 Automatic Semicolon Insertion.26 7.9.1 Rules of Automatic Semicolon Insertion26 7.9.2 Examples of Automatic Semicolon Insertion27 8 Types.28 8.1 The Undefined Type28 8.2 The Null Type28 8.3 The Boolean Type.2
39、9 8.4 The String Type.29 8.5 The Number Type29 8.6 The Object Type30 8.6.1 Property Attributes.30 8.6.2 Object Internal Properties and Methods.31 ISO/IEC 16262:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved8.7 The Reference Specification Type.35 8.7.1 GetValue (V).35 8.7.2 PutValue (V, W).36 8.8 The Li
40、st Specification Type36 8.9 The Completion Specification Type.36 8.10 The Property Descriptor and Property Identifier Specification Types37 8.10.1 IsAccessorDescriptor ( Desc ).37 8.10.2 IsDataDescriptor ( Desc )37 8.10.3 IsGenericDescriptor ( Desc )37 8.10.4 FromPropertyDescriptor ( Desc ).38 8.10.
41、5 ToPropertyDescriptor ( Obj )38 8.11 The Lexical Environment and Environment Record Specification Types39 8.12 Algorithms for Object Internal Methods39 8.12.1 GetOwnProperty (P).39 8.12.2 GetProperty (P).39 8.12.3 Get (P).39 8.12.4 CanPut (P).39 8.12.5 Put ( P, V, Throw ).40 8.12.6 HasProperty (P)4
42、0 8.12.7 Delete (P, Throw)41 8.12.8 DefaultValue (hint)41 8.12.9 DefineOwnProperty (P, Desc, Throw).41 9 Type Conversion and Testing43 9.1 ToPrimitive43 9.2 ToBoolean.43 9.3 ToNumber43 9.3.1 ToNumber Applied to the String Type.44 9.4 ToInteger46 9.5 ToInt32: (Signed 32 Bit Integer).47 9.6 ToUint32:
43、(Unsigned 32 Bit Integer)47 9.7 ToUint16: (Unsigned 16 Bit Integer)47 9.8 ToString.48 9.8.1 ToString Applied to the Number Type.48 9.9 ToObject49 9.10 CheckObjectCoercible49 9.11 IsCallable.49 9.12 The SameValue Algorithm50 10 Executable Code and Execution Contexts50 10.1 Types of Executable Code50
44、10.1.1 Strict Mode Code.51 10.2 Lexical Environments.51 10.2.1 Environment Records.51 10.2.2 Lexical Environment Operations.56 10.2.3 The Global Environment.56 10.3 Execution Contexts.56 10.3.1 Identifier Resolution.57 10.4 Establishing an Execution Context.57 10.4.1 Entering Global Code.58 10.4.2 E
45、ntering Eval Code.58 10.4.3 Entering Function Code.58 10.5 Declaration Binding Instantiation59 10.6 Arguments Object.60 11 Expressions.63 11.1 Primary Expressions63 11.1.1 The this Keyword63 11.1.2 Identifier Reference.63 11.1.3 Literal Reference.63 11.1.4 Array Initialiser63 ISO/IEC 16262:2011(E) I
46、SO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved v11.1.5 Object Initialiser65 11.1.6 The Grouping Operator67 11.2 Left-Hand-Side Expressions67 11.2.1 Property Accessors67 11.2.2 The new Operator68 11.2.3 Function Calls.68 11.2.4 Argument Lists69 11.2.5 Function Expressions.69 11.3 Postfix Expressions69 11.3.1 Postfi
47、x Increment Operator70 11.3.2 Postfix Decrement Operator.70 11.4 Unary Operators70 11.4.1 The delete Operator70 11.4.2 The void Operator71 11.4.3 The typeof Operator71 11.4.4 Prefix Increment Operator71 11.4.5 Prefix Decrement Operator72 11.4.6 Unary + Operator72 11.4.7 Unary - Operator72 11.4.8 Bit
48、wise NOT Operator ( ).72 11.4.9 Logical NOT Operator ( ! ).73 11.5 Multiplicative Operators.73 11.5.1 Applying the * Operator.73 11.5.2 Applying the / Operator.74 11.5.3 Applying the % Operator.74 11.6 Additive Operators75 11.6.1 The Addition operator ( + ).75 11.6.2 The Subtraction Operator ( - ).7
49、5 11.6.3 Applying the Additive Operators to Numbers.75 11.7 Bitwise Shift Operators76 11.7.1 The Left Shift Operator ( )76 11.7.3 The Unsigned Right Shift Operator ( )77 11.8 Relational Operators.77 11.8.1 The Less-than Operator ( )78 11.8.3 The Less-than-or-equal Operator ( = )78 11.8.5 The Abstract Relation
