1、Reference numberISO/IEC TR 10176:2001(E)ISO/IEC 2001Information technology Guidelines forthe preparation of programming languagestandardsTechnologies de linformation Lignes directrices pour la prparation desnormes des langages de programmationNational Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC TR 10176:04(IS
2、O/IEC TR 10176:2001)Technical Report ISO/IEC TR 10176:2001 (third edition, 2001-07-01) has been adopted withoutmodification (IDT) as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC TR 10176:04, which has been approved as aNational Standard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada.ISBN 1-55397-330-5 January 2004The
3、 Canadian Standards Association (CSA), The Standards Council of Canada is theunder whose auspices this National Standard has been coordinating body of the National Standards system, produced, was chartered in 1919 and accredited by a federation of independent, autonomousthe Standards Council of Cana
4、da to the National organizations working towards the furtherStandards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, development and improvement of voluntarynonstatutory, voluntary membership association standardization in the national interest.engaged in standards development and certification The princip
5、al objects of the Council are to foster activities. and promote voluntary standardization as a means CSA standards reflect a national consensus of of advancing the national economy, benefiting theproducers and users including manufacturers, health, safety, and welfare of the public, assisting consum
6、ers, retailers, unions and professional and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic organizations, and governmental agencies. The and international trade, and furthering internationalstandards are used widely by industry and commerce cooperation in the field of standards.and often adopted by
7、municipal, provincial, and A National Standard of Canada is a standard whichfederal governments in their regulations, particularly in has been approved by the Standards Council ofthe fields of health, safety, building and construction, Canada and one which reflects a reasonableand the environment. a
8、greement among the views of a number of capableIndividuals, companies, and associations across individuals whose collective interests provide to theCanada indicate their support for CSAs standards greatest practicable extent a balance ofdevelopment by volunteering their time and skills to representa
9、tion of producers, users, consumers, andCSA Committee work and supporting the Associations others with relevant interests, as may be appropriateobjectives through sustaining memberships. The more to the subject in hand. It normally is a standardthan 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 which is ca
10、pable of making a significant and timelysustaining memberships together form CSAs total contribution to the national interest.membership from which its Directors are chosen. Approval of a standard as a National Standard ofSustaining memberships represent a major source of Canada indicates that a sta
11、ndard conforms to theincome for CSAs standards development activities. criteria and procedures established by the StandardsThe Association offers certification and testing Council of Canada. Approval does not refer to theservices in support of and as an extension to its technical content of the stan
12、dard; this remains thestandards development activities. To ensure the continuing responsibility of the accreditedintegrity of its certification process, the Association standards-development organization.regularly and continually audits and inspects products Those who have a need to apply standards
13、arethat bear the CSA Mark. encouraged to use National Standards of CanadaIn addition to its head office and laboratory complex whenever practicable. These standards are subject in Toronto, CSA has regional branch offices in major to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned centres across Cana
14、da and inspection and testing to obtain the latest edition from the organizationagencies in eight countries. Since 1919, the preparing the standard.Association has developed the necessary expertise to The responsibility for approving National Standards meet its corporate mission: CSA is an independe
15、nt of Canada rests with theservice organization whose mission is to provide an Standards Council of Canadaopen and effective forum for activities facilitating the 270 Albert Street, Suite 200exchange of goods and services through the use of Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6N7standards, certification and relate
16、d services to meet Canadanational and international needs.For further information on CSA services, write toCanadian Standards Association5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6CanadaAlthough the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is importantto
17、 note that it remains the responsibility of the users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.Registered trade-mark of Canadian Standards AssociationCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC TR 10176:04 programming language standardsInformation technology Guidelines for the preparation ofJanuary 2004 Canadian S
18、tandards Association CSA/1CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC TR 10176:04Information technology Guidelines for the preparation ofprogramming language standardsCSA PrefaceStandards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with internationalstandards development. Through the CSA Technical Commit
19、tee on Information Technology (TCIT),Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 on Information Technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO memberbody for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the
20、 IEC. Also, as a member of theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the International Telegraph andTelephone Consultative Committee (ITU-T).This Technical Report was reviewed by the CSA TCIT under the jurisdiction of the Strategic SteeringCommittee on Information Techno
21、logy and deemed acceptable for use in Canada. (A committeemembership list is available on request from the CSA Project Manager.) From time to time, ISO/IEC maypublish addenda, corrigenda, etc. The CSA TCIT will review these documents for approval andpublication. For a listing, refer to the CSA Infor
22、mation Products catalogue or CSA Info Update or contacta CSA Sales representative. This Technical Report has been formally approved, without modification, bythe Technical Committee and has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the StandardsCouncil of Canada.January 2004 Canadian Standard
23、s Association 2004All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission ofthe publisher. ISO/IEC material is reprinted with permission. Where the words “this Technical Report” appear in the text,they should be interpreted as “this Nati
24、onal Standard of Canada”. Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada should be addressed to Canadian Standards Association 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6 1-800-463-6727 416-747-4044www.csa.caReference numberISO/IEC TR 10176:2001(E)ISO/IEC 2001TECHNICALRE
25、PORTISO/IECTR10176Third edition2001-07-01Information technology Guidelines forthe preparation of programming languagestandardsTechnologies de linformation Lignes directrices pour la prparation desnormes des langages de programmationISO/IEC TR 10176:2001(E)PDF disclaimerThis PDF file may contain embe
26、dded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall notbe edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading thisfile, parties accept therein the responsibility of no
27、t infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in thisarea.Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameterswere o
28、ptimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely eventthat a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO/IEC 2001All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specifie
29、d, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member bodyin the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase post
30、ale 56 Gb7 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.chWeb www.iso.chii ISO/IEC 2001 All rights reservedISO/IEC TR 10176:2001(E) ISO/IEC 2001 All rights reserved iiiContents Page1 Scope 12 References13 Terms and definitions .14 Guidelines.64.1 Guidelines for the
31、 form and content of standards.64.1.1 Guideline: The general framework.64.1.2 Guideline: Definitions of syntax and semantics.74.1.3 Guidelines on the use of character sets .84.1.4 Guideline: Error detection requirements 134.1.5 Guideline: Exception detection requirements164.1.6 Guideline: Static det
32、ection of exceptions .184.1.7 Guideline: Recovery from non-fatal errors and exceptions194.1.8 Guideline: Requirements on user documentation .194.1.9 Guideline: Provision of processor options.194.1.10 Guideline: Processor-defined limits 214.2 Guidelines on presentation 224.2.1 Guideline: Terminology.
33、224.2.2 Guideline: Presentation of source programs .234.3 Guidelines on processor dependence 234.3.1 Guideline: Completeness of definition234.3.2 Guideline: Optional language features234.3.3 Guideline: Management of optional language features.234.3.4 Guideline: Syntax and semantics of optional langu
34、age features.244.3.5 Guideline: Predefined keywords and identifiers 244.3.6 Guideline: Definition of optional features .244.3.7 Guideline: Processor dependence in numerical processing254.4 Guidelines on conformity requirements .254.5 Guidelines on strategy 254.5.1 Guideline: Secondary standards254.5
35、.2 Guideline: Incremental standards254.5.3 Guideline: Consistency of use of guidelines264.5.4 Guideline: Revision compatibility264.6 Guidelines on cross-language issues .284.6.1 Guideline: Binding to functional standards284.6.2 Guideline: Facilitation of binding.284.6.3 Guideline: Conformity with mu
36、lti-level functional standards .294.6.4 Guideline: Mixed language programming.294.6.5 Guideline: Common elements294.6.6 Guideline: Use of data dictionaries294.7 Guidelines on Internationalization.294.7.1 Guideline: Cultural convention set switching mechanism .294.7.2 Guideline: Cultural convention r
37、elated functionality.30Annex A Recommended extended repertoire for user-defined identifiers.31ISO/IEC TR 10176:2001(E)iv ISO/IEC 2001 All rights reservedForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)form the specialized system
38、 for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IECparticipate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by therespective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committeescollabo
39、rate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.The main task of technical c
40、ommittees is to prepare International Standards, but in exceptional circumstances atechnical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following types: type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despiterepeat
41、ed efforts; type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the futurebut not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard; type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally
42、 publishedas an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example).Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether theycan be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to bereviewe
43、d until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful.Technical Reports are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Technical Report may be the subject of patentrights.
44、 ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO/IEC TR 10176, which is a Technical Report of type 3, was prepared by Joint Technical CommitteeISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 22, Programming languages, their environments andsystem so
45、ftware interfaces.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/IEC TR 10176:1998), which has been technicallyrevised.ISO/IEC TR 10176:2001(E) ISO/IEC 2001 All rights reserved vIntroductionBackground: Over the last decades (since 1966), standards have been produced for a number of
46、computerprogramming languages. Each has dealt with its own language in isolation, although to some extent the draftingcommittees have become more expert by learning from both the successes and the mistakes of their predecessors.The first edition of this Technical Report was produced during the 1980s
47、 to put together some of the experiencethat had been gained to that time, in a set of guidelines, designed to ease the task of drafting committees ofprogramming language standards. Subsequent editions enhance the guidelines to take into account experiencesand developments in the area of internationa
48、lization and character sets, especially with the expanding repertoire ofISO/IEC 10646.This document is published as a Technical Report type 3 because the design of programming languages - andhence requirements relating to their standardization - is still evolving fairly rapidly, and because existing
49、 languages,both standardized and unstandardized, vary so greatly in their properties and styles that publication as a fullstandard, even as a standard set of guidelines, did not seem appropriate at this time.The need for guidelines: While each language, taken as a whole, is unique, there are many individual featuresthat are common to many, or even to most of them. While standardization should not inhibit such diversity as isessential, both in the languages and in the form of their standards, unnecessary diversity is better avoided.Unnece
