1、 CEA Bulletin A Floor-to-Ceiling Guide for Residential Speaker Systems Planning, Selection, and Installation For Optimum Performance CEA-CEB17 October 2006 NOTICE Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are designed to serve the public interest th
2、rough eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards, Bulletins and othe
3、r technical publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of CEA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards, Bulletins or other technical publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications preclude
4、 their voluntary use by those other than CEA members, whether the bulletin is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are adopted by CEA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action,
5、 CEA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Bulletin or other technical publication. This CEA Bulletin is considered to have International Standardization implication, but the International Electrotechnical Comm
6、ission activity has not progressed to the point where a valid comparison between the CEA Bulletin and the IEC document can be made. This Bulletin does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of
7、 this Bulletin to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (Formulated under the cognizance of the CEA R3 Audio Sytems Committee.) Published by CONSUMER ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATION 2006 Technology 5060 Spectrum Way, Su
8、ite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6 CANADA; Phone 1-800-463-6727; Internet http:/www.csa-intl.org/ ANSI/CEA Standards: Global Engineering Documents, World Headquarters, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO USA 80112-5776; Phone 800-854-7179; Fax 303-397-2740; Internet http:/; Email ANSI/TIA Stan
9、dards Global Engineering Documents, World Headquarters, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO USA 80112-5776; Phone 800-854-7179; Fax 303-397-2740; Internet http:/; Email NFPA Standards: National Fire Protection Association; 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 USA; 1-800-344-3555; Internet: http:/
10、www.nfpa.org 2.2 Compliance Notation As used in this document “shall” and “must” denote mandatory provisions of this standard. “Should” denotes a provision that is recommended but not mandatory. “May” denotes a feature whose presence does not preclude compliance, and implementation of which is optio
11、nal. “Optional” denotes items that may or may not be present in a compliant device. 2.3 Symbols and Abbreviations AC Alternating Current AHJ Authority Having Jurisdiction AWG American Wire Gauge CATV Community Antenna Television CEA-CEB-17 2CCTV Closed Circuit Television CD Compact Disc CEA Consumer
12、 Electronics Association CRT Cathode Ray Tube dB Decibels DLP Phosphorus-Deoxidized, Low Residual Phosphorus DSP Digital Signal Processing DVD Digital Versatile Disc EIFS Exterior Installation and Finish System EMI Electromagnetic Interference GHz Gigahertz HTIB Home Theater-In-a-Box HVAC Heating, V
13、entilation and Air Conditioning LCD Liquid Crystal Display LFE Low Frequency Effects mm Millimeters NEC National Electrical Code NFPA National Fire Protection Association PVC Polyvinyl Chloride RF Radio Frequency RMS Root Mean Square SACD Super Audio Compact Disc SPL Sound Pressure Level TIA Telecom
14、munications Industry Association UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair UV Ultraviolet VDC Volts DC 2.4 Definitions 2.4.1 Coaxial Cable Coaxial cable consists of a center conductor, which is surrounded by a foam dielectric over which shielding is applied and then an outer jacket. For Closed Circuit Television
15、(CCTV) applications a bare copper center conductor is used and the shielding consists of 95% bare copper braid. For Cable Television (CATV) applications the center conductor is copper clad steel and the shielding consists of an aluminum tape bonded to the dielectric over which a 60% aluminum braid i
16、s applied for dual shielded coax. The quad shielded coax uses a foil and 60% braid surrounded by a second foil and 40% braid. Analog CCTV signals are at baseband and this requires the use of a bare copper center conductor, since the very low frequency signal travels through the inside of the conduct
17、or. CATV signals are at high frequencies and these signals travel along the outside of the center conductor, which is known as the skin effect, and this requires that a steel conductor be used for mechanical reasons with a thin copper cladding to carry the Radio Frequency (RF) signal. Some satellite
18、 systems may recommend the use of a CATV cable with a bare copper conductor if a lower resistance is needed to provide power to electronics residing at the antenna. 2.4.2 Home Theater in a Box (HTIB) These systems are designed for stand-alone operation in a single room, but for the sake of convenien
19、ce and budget they are sometimes included in professional home installations. The HTIB provides the easiest way to assemble a home theater audio system. The manufacturer supplies everything needed in one package, which usually includes a receiver/amplifier, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) player, cente
20、r front speaker, left and right front speakers, left and right surround speakers and a subwoofer. Many HTIB systems are of the satellite/subwoofer type. CEA-CEB-17 32.4.3 Infinite Baffle An infinite baffle is a plane surface through which a transducer operates, with no acoustic path between the two
21、sides of said plane. Most infinite baffles are not truly infinite. Realistic examples would be a wall or a ceiling containing a speaker. 2.4.4 Line Level Line level generally refers to the signal level found at the output of devices such as Compact Disc (CD) players, DVD players, and pre-amplifiers.
22、 It is also known as low level in some disciplines. The reference level for consumer equipment is -10 dBV or 0.316 V Root Mean Square (RMS). For profession gear, the standard is +4 dBu or 1.23 V RMS. Line level sources are generally designed to drive high impedance inputs, such as the inputs to an a
23、mplifier or preamplifier, not low impedance inputs such as a speaker. The highest RMS voltage that is usually present from a line level output is approximately 2 V RMS, though exceptions may occur. 2.4.5 Multi-Channel Surround Audio Simply put, multi-channel surround audio involves the playback of a
24、udio, be it music, film or broadcast television, through more than one or two speakers. Typically, a multi-channel surround audio system will involve at least four to seven speakers and a subwoofer. Specific speaker terminology is used to describe the position of the speaker in the room with respect
25、 to the primary listening position. In addition to giving the speakers a positional name, there is also a standard numeric descriptive of the speaker setup using either the number of primary speakers followed by a period and then the number 1 (for a subwoofer) or four numbers separated by periods (“
26、.”). 2.4.5.1 Configurations The typical possible speaker configurations are: Four speakers and a subwoofer (described as 4.1 or 2.2.1.0). The two front speakers (the first 2 in 2.2.1.0) are placed to the left and right. Here the center channel information is played through the front right and left s
27、peakers using a Phantom mode setting. The listeners perceive that center channel information is coming from a space between the two front speakers even though the sound is being derived from the left and right front speakers. Also, two surround channel speakers are placed either to the left and righ
28、t sides (preferred) of the primary listening position or (less optimally) behind this position but still to the right and left (the second 2 in 2.2.1.0). The subwoofer can be placed most anywhere in the room but is ideally placed in either of the two front corners (the “1” 4.1 or the “1” in 2.2.1.0)
29、. Five speakers and a subwoofer (described as 5.1 or 3.2.1.0). In addition to the two front channel speakers as described above, this configuration features a third front channel speaker placed in between the front right and left speakers (hence the 3.2.1.0 nomenclature). This setup provides for a b
30、etter soundstage as the center channel is critical for playing dialogue when viewing film or television programming and provides a real sound field versus the imaginary one created when implementing the 4.1/2.2.1.0 speaker array. It is important to note that the use of a center channel speaker will
31、greatly enhance the listeners experience, especially for film and television playback. All efforts should be used to place a center channel speaker in the room. Six speakers and a subwoofer 6.1 Adds a rear center surround speaker in addition to the two side surround speakers Seven speakers and a sub
32、 woofer 7.1 Adds two rear channel surround speakers in addition to the two side surround speakers There are configurations that go beyond 7.1 (see CEA-863-A for more information). CEA-CEB-17 4Figure 1: Overhead View of Speaker Locations 2.4.5.2 Two-Channel Audio Two-channel audio typically comes fro
33、m CDs, tapes, radio broadcasts, television broadcasts, video tapes, DVDs of older films, etc. Stereo (or even mono) material is still a very large portion of the material to which people listen. Luckily, most every multi-channel audio system can play this material, not just in a two channel stereo m
34、ode, but also in some type of simulated surround mode that uses digital signal processing (DSP). 2.4.5.3 DTS CDs DTS encoded CDs are recorded on standard compact discs (600 MB to 700 MB capacity) but utilize a special encoding format than enables 5.1 channels of audio to be played back through a com
35、ponent that features DTS decoding. These CDs are music only and cannot be played through a non-DTS system. If CEA-CEB-17 5played through a non-DTS system, the sound produced will appear as static noise. DTS CDs are widely considered as a specialty disc and are not readily available in standard recor
36、d stores. 2.4.5.4 DVDs The DVD disc typically features multiple audio formats including at the very least a 2 channel audio mix. Most DVDs also feature either a 5.1 Dolby Digital or DTS audio format. These multiple formats are redundant mixes of the same material and are different from each other ba
37、sed on the number of channels of audio that each one contains. Some differences in formats might also include language (as in film sound tracks) or perspectives (as in DVD music discs). DVDs are readily available for film, music video, concerts, etc. More current film DVDs are usually available in D
38、olby Digital (5.1) or DTS (5.1). More recent titles may have been mixed in a studio that used a 7.1 speaker array to mix the movie soundtrack. These films are denoted as Dolby Digital EX or DTS ES. Please note that both 5.1 or 7.1 film types contain only 5.1 channels. The difference between these tw
39、o formats is not the number of channels but how the sound engineers listened to their mixes during the recording of the film sound track. Both films can be played back in a 4.1, 5.1, 6.1 or 7.1 surround sound speaker environment. 2.4.5.5 Multi-Channel Television Broadcasts Many television broadcasts
40、 (cable, satellite, off-air) now feature multi-channel audio typically encoded in Dolby Digital. Much like Dolby Digital 5.1 DVDs, these broadcasts can be played back in 4.1, 5.1, 6.1 or 7.1. 2.4.5.6 Dual Disc DVDs This format features a CD on one side and a DVD on the other side and is typically of
41、fered with music content. As such, it is capable of being played in both a CD player and DVD player. The CD side of the disc is a traditional CD with music. When playing the DVD side of the disc in the DVD player features usually include 5.1 encoded music (surround sound music) as well as bonus feat
42、ures that might include music videos, interviews, etc. 2.4.5.7 DVD Audio or DVD-A This encoding format uses the large storage capacity of a DVD disc (versus a CD) to store multi-channel audio information in a high-resolution format. The audiophiles argument is that both Dolby Digital and DTS compres
43、s the sound information resulting in less than perfect sound. Furthermore, while even CDs offer less compression than a standard Dolby Digital or DTS DVD, they too are still compressed. DVD Audio is a high-resolution format that many say is like listening to a vinyl record (in perfect condition) on
44、a turntable or superior quality. Here tonal levels are capable of playback that is usually lost on a standard CD. DVD Audio has the bandwidth and capability to provide this level of superior sound. DVD Audio is typically mixed in 5.1 channels, but here all primary channels are recorded in full range
45、 without the benefit of Dolby or DTS bass redirection. Playback of DVD Audio requires a DVD player capable of playing DVD Audio discs and it is important that either the DVD player or the surround sound decoder/preamplifier/controller have a bass management circuit. If this circuit does not exist an
46、d the primary speakers in the system are small and not good at playing bass information, high-resolution DVD Audio will not sound very good. Luckily for these systems, the DVD Audio discs usually feature a Dolby Digital option that will play the audio without distorting the speakers albeit, not in D
47、VD Audio high-resolution. 2.4.5.8 Super Audio Compact Disc (SACD) SACD is a format whose software is supported primarily by Sony and its affiliate, Columbia records. There are two types of discs available, stereo discs that feature high-resolution two-channel audio and multi-channel discs that featu
48、re high-resolution multi-channel sound (typically 5.1). Playback of SACD discs requires a player capable of playing SACD discs and it is important that either the player or the surround sound decoder/preamplifier/controller have a bass management circuit. If this circuit does not exist and the prima
49、ry speakers in the system are small and not good at playing bass information, high-resolution SACDs may not sound very good. CEA-CEB-17 62.4.6 Speakers (Active/Passive) 2.4.6.1 Speakers (Active) Active speakers have a built in amplifier and use an audio signal feed from the source device. However, active speakers may require a high voltage electrical outlet or low voltage power source to power the internal amplifiers. Some active speakers operate on batteries for short-term use. For retrofit applications, active spe
