1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 13097:2010Characterization of sludges Good practice for sludgeutilisation in agriculturePD CEN/TR 13097:2010 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document
2、is the UK implementation of CEN/TR13097:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/5, Sludge characterization.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the
3、 necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 68829 4ICS 13.030.20; 65.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy an
4、d Strategy Committee on 31 July 2010Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TR 13097:2010TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13097 June 2010 ICS 13.030.20 Supersedes CR 13097:2001English Version Characterization of sludges - Good practice for sludge util
5、isation in agriculture Caractrisation des boues - Bonne pratique pour la valorisation des boues en agriculture Charakterisierung von Schlmmen - Leitfaden fr die Verfahrensweise bei der Verwendung von Schlmmen in der Landwirtschaft This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 February 2010. It has
6、been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 308. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
7、Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any f
8、orm and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 13097:2010: EPD CEN/TR 13097:2010CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .54 Requirements .54.1 General 54.2 Preliminary procedures .64.2.1 General 64.2.
9、2 National regulations 64.2.3 Voluntary agreements .64.2.4 Quality assurance 64.2.5 Strategic evaluation .74.2.6 Sludge quality 84.2.7 Sludge type .94.2.8 Design of the sludge utilisation programme 94.3 Quality control (including environmental and agronomic data) .94.3.1 Process control 94.3.2 Sludg
10、e sampling and analysis .94.3.3 Maintenance of sludge quality 114.3.4 Soil sampling and analysis 114.4 Assuring hygiene when sludges are used in agriculture . 124.4.1 General . 124.4.2 Hygiene control by application and relating sludge type to land use . 134.5 Operation . 134.5.1 General . 134.5.2 C
11、ommunication strategy and public relations 134.5.3 Operational planning 144.5.4 Storage . 144.5.5 Delivery 154.5.6 Application techniques 154.5.7 Nutrient management, application rate and times 174.5.8 Data recording . 184.5.9 Additional guidance to customers 184.6 Promotion of agricultural use 184.
12、6.1 General . 184.6.2 Market development . 194.6.3 Agronomic support. 194.6.4 Marketing and selling procedures 194.7 Support procedures 204.7.1 Quality assurance . 204.7.2 Continuous improvement 204.7.3 Data and record keeping 20Annex A (informative) Guides of good practice for use and disposal of s
13、ludges. 22Bibliography . 23PD CEN/TR 13097:2010CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13097:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308 “Characterisation of sludges”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the eleme
14、nts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CR 13097:2001. This document gives recommendations for good practice but existing national regulations remain in force. P
15、D CEN/TR 13097:2010CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 4 1 Scope This Technical Report describes good practice for the use of sludges in agriculture (where national regulations permit). It is applicable to all of the sludges described in the scope of CEN/TC 308 (and any of the forms in which they may be presented
16、 - liquid, dewatered, dried, composted, etc.) i.e. sludges from: storm water handling; night soil; urban wastewater collecting systems; urban wastewater treatment plants; treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EC 1); water supply treatment plants;
17、but excluding hazardous sludges from industry. Such sludges may be used on land as a source of plant nutrients, and/or soil improver, and/or alkaline amendment for crop production. Despite differences in the statutory controls between sewage sludge and other sludges, the use of all types of sludge s
18、hould follow good practice to maximise benefits for the crops or soils, to minimise potential risks of environmental contamination and adverse impacts on plant, animal and human health, and to ensure sustainability, energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Sludge producers should be aware that if a
19、 sludge is used as a fertilising or alkaline amendment, national or EU fertiliser or liming regulations may apply. The document assumes that an evaluation of sludge utilisation has already been made, and a decision was taken that use of sludge within a land spreading policy is the best option. For e
20、valuation and decisions for use of sludges, other documents have been developed (see CR 13714, CR 13846). Many countries and/or local administrations have regulations and/or standards and/or codes of practice applicable to the use of some of the types of sludge that are within the scope of this Tech
21、nical Report, however it cannot, and does not, attempt to summarise or take account of these regulations, etc. because of their very wide range. It is thus essential that this Technical Report is read in the context of the conditions that prevail locally. NOTE Adoption in France in 2002 of a standar
22、d for standardized composts containing substances from wastewater treatment NF U44-095: Organic soil improvers Composts containing substances useful for agriculture, stemming from water treatment. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
23、 document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1085:2007, Wastewater treatment Vocabulary EN 12832:1999, Characterization of sludges Utilisation and disposal of sludges Voca
24、bulary CEN/TR 15809, Characterization of sludges Hygienic aspects Treatments PD CEN/TR 13097:2010CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 5 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1085:2007, EN 12832:1999 and the following apply. 3.1 potentially toxic substances
25、 (PTS) substances which, when present in excess and in forms that are available to the subject in question, can be toxic (CEN/TR 15584) 3.2 BPEO best practicable environmental option 4 Requirements 4.1 General The purpose of this Technical Report is to assist sludge utilisation operations to: a) ach
26、ieve compliance with 86/278/EEC and other environmental legislation or codes of good practice which are relevant to the type and use of sludge or to the location of operations; b) gain and maintain the confidence of users, authorities responsible for monitoring regulatory compliance, food purchasing
27、 and/or processing companies and third parties which (amongst others) include members of the public (particularly those local to where the sludge is applied); c) make maximum use of the valuable constituents in the sludge; d) have a long term sustainable solution with minimum cost and maximum benefi
28、t to the environment consistent with the above. Considerations of treatment, source control of pollutants and preparation of sludges are discussed in CEN/TR 13714, CEN/TR 15473 and CEN/TR 15809. The widely recognised waste management hierarchy recommends, in general, the utilisation of sludge as pre
29、ferable to disposal options such as landfill. Where agricultural land is available and conveniently accessible, this is usually the best practicable environmental option. Sludges usually contain nutrients, organic matter and trace elements, which are beneficial to the growth of crops (including ener
30、gy crops and grass) and to the fertility, structure and/or texture of soils. They are therefore valued by farmers. Sludges may contain contaminants, and/or pathogens, and may be odorous. Consequently, the whole process (from source control of potential pollutants, through sludge treatment, to sludge
31、 application and the way the land is farmed) should be controlled to avoid adverse impacts on the environment, or on plant, animal and human health. Such safe controlled use of sludge on land can be considered a component of sustainable development. Many European countries have developed guidelines
32、and regulations for the safe use of sewage sludge. These have been placed on a common statutory basis in the European Union through the implementation of the EU Directive 86/278/EEC which requires certain limit values for PTSs in soil and sludge. Other EU legislation encourages the utilisation of su
33、itable industrial sludges on land provided measures are taken to avoid endangering human health or harming the environment (91/156/EEC 3 amending Directive 75/442/EEC on waste). However, unlike the situation for sewage sludge, there is little detailed information available and there is less legislat
34、ive control for these other sludges. In the past the emphasis has been on preventing chemical pollution, but whilst this is still essential, the modern agenda also includes hygiene PD CEN/TR 13097:2010CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 6 (CEN/TR 15809), and the need to demonstrate safety through quality assuranc
35、e and independent validation. European legislation has effectively eliminated many hazardous substances from products and the environment. The REACH programme 4 continues the control on hazardous substances at source. In order to establish and maintain cost-effective, safe and sustainable operations
36、 using sludge in agriculture, certain procedures should be established for effective operational management, to meet legal requirements and to address the concerns of stakeholders. This document has been constructed in an order that attempts to reflect the logical steps of a successful (which also m
37、eans sustainable) sludge utilisation operation. It starts with the initial steps in designing an operation, and then considers the quality control, design, etc., before moving on to the day-to-day operations. Although marketing (finding outlets) and support are also continuing activities they are tr
38、eated in separate sections because they are general and not particular to each individual outlet. Despite this linear structure, continuous improvement is recognised as an important component, which therefore implies the cycle of design, operate, review, refine, operate, review, etc. 4.2 Preliminary
39、 procedures 4.2.1 General This section discusses the more significant procedures and considerations for setting up a new programme to use sludge in agriculture or modifying an existing one. These would include understanding the relevant regulations within which the sludge is used, the quantity of th
40、e sludge, the quality of the sludge, whether there are programmes for ensuring sludge quality, and whether there would be demand for the sludge; including whether there are competing materials, e.g. animal manure or compost and biogas residues of other materials. 4.2.2 National regulations In the ca
41、se of sewage sludge, national regulations set quality standards for the receiving soil and may set standards for the sludge. The specific values and combinations of control mechanisms vary between countries, and a combination of sludge, waste management, water and general agricultural and environmen
42、tal regulations may apply. Few countries have comprehensive regulations to control all sludges that may have similar environmental impacts. Those using sludges should make themselves aware of the regulations that apply in the areas where they are working. CEN/TC 308 has compared and discussed differ
43、ent sludge treatment operating parameters in CR 13846. 4.2.3 Voluntary agreements In some countries, some sludge producers have gone beyond national regulations by voluntarily entering agreements with interested parties (such as food retailers and processors, farmers and landowners). These agreement
44、s have addressed the question of perception and increased the acceptance of using sludge in agriculture. Any applications of sludge should be consistent with these agreements. 4.2.4 Quality assurance It is recommended that there should be a quality assurance system for the whole process from source
45、control of potential pollutants, through sludge treatment and spreading, and finally to how the land is farmed. To prove transparency and ensure the confidence of stakeholders, it is desirable that this is validated by an independent audit. PD CEN/TR 13097:2010CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 7 The principal c
46、riteria should include: a) sludge quality, particularly: control of potential pollutants from point sources; sampling and analysis strategy to monitor sludge quality (PTSs, pathogens and its fermentability (i.e. potential to produce bad odours); treatment of sludge. b) soil quality, particularly: a
47、soil sampling strategy to monitor soil quality for the concentrations of specified PTSs, often in relation to certain soil conditions, such as pH, soil type and content of organic matter and/or cation exchange capacity, in order that limit values are not exceeded. c) sludge application rate, particu
48、larly: average quantity of PTSs that can be applied to the land and over what period, usually in terms of kg PTS/hay (or multiple of years), or mg PTS/kg nutrients; amount of sludge dry solids that can be applied per year or multiple of years; quantity of nutrients which can be applied in accordance
49、 with the content of soil and the need of crops grown; timing of and method of applying the sludge and after-use of the land and crops; these are generally designed to protect animals and food consumers from pathogen transfer, and/or conserve plant nutrients, and/or reduce the risk of run-off. It is a general legal requirement for sewage sludge that appropriate records are maintained which in addition to the above criteria, should include infor
