1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 13233:2007Incorporating corrigendum no. 1Advanced technical ceramics Notations and symbolsICS 01.060; 01.075; 81.060.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g
2、3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58PD CEN/TR 13233:2007This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 60823 0National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 13233:2
3、007. It supersedes DD ENV 13233:2000 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags . Text altered by CEN corrigendum October 2007 is indicated in the text by .The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Co
4、mmittee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Amendments issued s
5、ince publicationAmd. No. Date Comments17519 Corrigendum No. 131 December 2007 See national foreword. Change to the identifier on the PD CEN/TR front cover, PD CEN/TR inside front cover and PD CEN/TR back pageTECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 13233February 2007ICS 01.060; 01.
6、075; 81.060.30 Supersedes ENV 13233:1998Incorporating corrigendum October 2007English VersionAdvanced technical ceramics - Notations and symbolsCramiques techniques avances - Notations et symboles Hochleistungskeramik - Benennungen und FormelzeichenThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 25 Dec
7、ember 2006. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 184.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nethe
8、rlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in
9、any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 13233:2007: EContents Page Foreword. 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Symbols, units and notations 4 3.1 General symbols . 4 3.2 Symbols and notations specific to ceramic matrix composites 4 3.3 Symbols, def
10、initions and units 7 Bibliography . 17 CEN/TR 13233:20072Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13233:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this docu
11、ment may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes ENV 13233:1998. CEN/TR 13233:200731 Scope This Technical Report defines the symbols to be used to represent physical, mechanical and ther
12、mal characteristics, as determined by methods described in relevant CEN publications, for advanced technical ceramics, including ceramic matrix composites. It is a guide for writing the symbols of quantities of these materials to avoid confusion in reporting measurements and characteristics of produ
13、cts. Where possible, the definitions are in accordance with the relevant parts of ISO 31 and ISO 80000. In addition the symbols used in undertaking measurements of these characteristics are also defined. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Symbols, units and notations 3.1 General symbols Contra
14、ry to monolithic materials, continuous fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites show a directional dependence in their thermal and mechanical properties, because of their anisotropic nature. A specific set of standards different from those for monolithic materials is required in order to character
15、ize these properties, both at room temperature and at the anticipated high application temperatures. To allow adequate representation of the directional dependence, a notation convention is needed to identify the reinforcement directions in a right-hand orthogonal coordinate system for purposes of s
16、ampling test pieces and for the presentation of results. 3.2 Symbols and notations specific to ceramic matrix composites The use of the subscripts 1, 2, 3 attached to the symbols used for mechanical properties makes it possible to define the mechanical characteristics of a material along one of its
17、principal directions. The use of the subscripts (12, 13, 23) attached to the symbols used for mechanical properties makes it possible to give a material characteristics in one of the principal planes, for example: 1,t,m: tensile strength in the 1 direction; G12 : shear modulus in the 12 plane. Figur
18、es 1 to 4 give examples of denotation on long fibre ceramic matrix composite materials. CEN/TR 13233:20074321Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a 1D material (see 3.2 for reference to axes 1, 2 and 3) 321Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a 2D material (see 3.2 for reference to axes 1, 2 and 3) CEN/TR 13233:2
19、0075Figure 3 Schematic diagram of an xD (2 x 3) material 123Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a 3D material (see 3.2 for reference to axes 1, 2 and 3) CEN/TR 13233:200763.3 Symbols, definitions and units Tables 1 to 4 give symbols, definitions and units generally used for quantities referred to in stand
20、ards for advanced technical ceramics. NOTE The quantities listed are referred to in the standards given in the final column of each table, although it is possible that the corresponding symbols have not been used. In this case, it is anticipated that they will be incorporated in the next revision of
21、 the standard. CEN/TR 13233:20077Table1 Symbolsrelated to physicalquantitiesPhysical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSDensityRatio ofthe massofa bodyto itsvolume kg/m3Appliesto true density ofpowders623-2, 725-7, 1159-2 Apparent densityaRatio ofthe massofthe bo
22、dyto itstotal volumekg/m3 Appliesto compactedpowders725-10 BulkdensitybRatio ofthe massofthe drymaterial ofaporousbodyto itsvolume kg/m3Appliesalsoto tapped bulkdensityofpowders623-2, 725-8, 1389 Lineardensityt Ratio ofthe massofa multifilament towto its length TexTexisthemassingramsper1 000 m1007-2
23、 PorosityP Ratio ofthe total volumeofporesin aporousbodyto itstotal volume -623-2, 1389 Apparent porosityPaRatio ofthe volume ofopen poresto total volume-623-2, 1389 Grain sizegmliMean linearintercept grain size determinedeitherbythe line orcircle method applied tomicrographsofpolished cross-section
24、sm623-2 Phase volume fraction Vf,jFractional volume ofphase oftype jdetermined frommicrographsofpolishedcross-sections -623-5 CEN/TR 13233:20078Table2 Symbolsrelated to geometrical quantitiesof testpiecesGeometrical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSLength Total
25、 length l, ltTotal length ofthe testpiecemm843-1, 843-2 Initial length l0 Initial length oftestpiece in thermalexpansion measurement mm821-1 Gauge length L0Initial distance between reference points onthe testpiece in the calibrated length mm658-1, 658-2, 1892, 1893 Distance between outerrollersLaOut
26、ersupportspan in three orfour-pointbending configuration mmIn flexural strength and modulustesting 658-3 Distance between innerrollersLiInnerloading span in four-point bending configuration mmIn flexural strength and modulustesting 821-1, 843-1, 843-2, 843-3, 658-3 Cross-sectionA Cross-section area
27、mm2 Initial cross-section area A0Initial cross-section area ofthe testpiecewithin the calibrated length at testtemperature mm21892 NOTE1Whenthematerial is protectedbya surface treatment,twoinitialcross-section areas canbe defined:Apparent cross-section areaA0,aGeometrical area ofthe cross-section mm
28、21893 Effective cross-section area A0,eGeometrical area correctedbya factor, toaccount forthe presenceofa surfacetreatment mm21893 Distance between notchesL In inter-laminarsheartesting, the spacingbetween opposed notchesmm658-4, 1894 Widthandthickness Width b Widthofatestpiece (normal to loadingdir
29、ection in flexure)mm658-3, 843-1, 843-2, 1892 CEN/TR 13233:20079Geometrical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSNOTE2Whenthematerialis protectedbya surface treatment,twowidthscanbe defined :Apparent width baGeometrical width mm1893 Effective width beGeometrical wi
30、dth corrected bya factortoaccount forthe presenceofa surfacetreatment mm1893 NOTE3 When widthchanges along the length, a numericalsubscript isadded to symbolb,b1isthewidth inthecalibrated length, b2, b3,.are the otherwidths. Thesesubscriptsare defined inindividual documents.Thickness h Thicknessorwi
31、dth ofa testpiece (parallel to the direction ofloading in flexure)Thicknessoftestpiece mmmm843-1, 843-2 821-2 NOTE4Whenthematerialis protectedbya surface treatment,twothicknessescanbe defined:Apparent thicknesshaGeometrical thicknessmm1893 Effective thicknessheGeometricalthickness correctedbyafactor
32、to account forthe presence ofa surfacetreatment mm1893 NOTE5Whenthicknesschangesalongthelength,anumerical subscriptisaddedtosymbol h, h1isthethicknessinthe calibrated lengthh2, h3,.arethe other thicknesses.Thesesubscripts aredefinedinindividual documents.Indentation diagonal length(in hardness testi
33、ng)In hardnesstesting, the lengthsofthediagonalsofaVickers indentation orlongaxisofa Knoop indentation mm843-4 Initial crackornotch depth a0 In fracture toughnesstesting, the length ofthe initial crackornotchmm14425-3 DeflectionFlexural deflection d Displacementofthe loading pointsrelativeto the sup
34、port points(oranyotherreferencepoints)in flexure mmUsed with varioussubscripts843-2 MassCEN/TR 13233:200710Geometrical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSMass m Quantityofmatterin a bodyg 623-2, 843-2 DiameterDiameterd Diameterofthe testpiece in the calibratedlen
35、gth mm1892 NOTE6Whenthematerialis protectedbya surface treatment,twodiameterscanbe defined:Apparent diameterdaGeometrical diametermm1893 Effective diameterdeGeometrical diametercorrected bya factorto account forthe presence ofa surfacetreatment mm1893 NOTE7 When diameterchanges along the length, a n
36、umericalsubscript isadded to symbold, d1isthediameterin thecalibrated length, d2, d3.are the otherdiameters.These subscriptsare defined in individualdocuments.Blend radiusr Transition radiusbetween parts ofthespecimen with different cross-section mmThe typeofradiuscanbe defined in eachdocumentbyuse
37、ofasubscript 1892 CEN/TR 13233:200711Table 3 Symbols relatedtomechanical quantities Mechanical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSDeformationFlexural deformation Flexural deflection, asdefined in each case mm820-4, 820-5 843-2 Longitudinal deformation L Variation
38、 in the gauge length caused byan applied load. Variation ispositive in tensileand negative in compressivetestmmTensile/compressive test658-1 658-2 1892 Longitudinal tensile deformation atmaximum forceLt,mValue oflongitudinal tensile deformationcorresponding to the maximumforce mm658-1 1892 Longitudi
39、nal compressive deformation atmaximum forceLc,mValue oflongitudinalcompressivedeformation corresponding to the maximum forcemm658-2 StrainStrain Relative change in the gauge length definedasthe ratio L/L0- Tensile/compressivetest658-1 1892 Tensilestrainatmaximum forcet,mValue ofstrain corresponding
40、to the maximum tensileforce-658-1 658-2 Compressivestrainatmaximum forcec,mValue ofstrain corresponding to the maximum compressiveforce-658-1 658-2 Shearstrain The change in angle ofan originallyorthogonal set oflinesasa consequence ofa shearload - ForceForceF Forceapplied to the testpiece during th
41、etestN 658-1, 820-4, 820-5, 843-1, 843-2, 1892, 1893 CEN/TR 13233:200712Mechanical quantities QuantitySymbol Definition Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSPeakforce at fracture Fm Maximumforce during a testorat fracture N 843-3 Stress andstrainStress(tensile/compressive/shear)Ratio ofthe force carri
42、ed bythe testpiece atanytimein the testbythe initial cross-section area MPa Strain(tensile/compressive)Fractional increasein dimension ofabodysubjected to stress- Sign convention tensile ispositive, compression isnegative 658-1 843-1 843-2 843-5 1892 Shearstrain The change in angle ofan originallyor
43、thogonal set oflinesasa consequence ofa shearload - Flexural stressThe nominal stresson the outersurface ofthe testpiece, calculated at mid span MPa 658-3 In plane shearstressRatio ofthe force carried bythe testpiece bythe initial cross-section subjected to shearMPa 12289 Stressingrate&Rate ofchange
44、 ofstresswith time MPa/s843-3 Strength Strengthscorrespond to stressesat maximumforce during a testcarried out to rupture Tensile strength t,mRatio ofthe maximumtensile force totheinitial cross-section area MPa 658-1 Compressive strength c,mRatio ofthe maximumcompressive force tothe initial cross-se
45、ction areaMPa 658-2 Flexural strength f,mMaximumflexural stressapplied toa testpiece that fracturesduring a flexural testMPa 658-3 Interlaminarshearstrength ILSSRatio ofthe maximumforce applied to the initial cross-section area MPa 12289 CEN/TR 13233:200713Mechanical quantities QuantitySymbol Defini
46、tion Unit RemarkRelevantEN, ENV orCEN/TSIn plane shearstrength mRatio ofthe maximumforce applied to the initial cross-section area MPa 658-4, 658-5, 658-6, 12289 NOTE1The symbols listed herefor mechanicalquantitiesatrupture(strengthandstrain) havea first subscriptindicatingthetypeoftest(tfor tensile
47、, cforcompressive,fforflexure). Asecondsubscript,mis added to indicate the maximum value.Othersubscriptsmaybeaddedtorefer totestconditions (forexample temperature).Theseadditionalsubscriptsaresetbetween brackets. EXAMPLE 1t, m(1500)(vacuum) =tensilestrengthat 1 500 Cunder vacuumElasticpropertiesElas
48、tic modulustension/compressi(Y oungsmodulus) E Slope of the linear part of the stress strain curve when the linear part starts at the origin GPa Elastic modulus in shear onGSlope of the linear part of the shear stress strain curve when the linear part starts at the origin GPa 658-1, 658-2, 1892, 122
49、89 843-2 NOTE 2 When the material is protected by a surface treatment, two types of mechanical quantities can be considered to determine whether the apparent or effective cross-section area is used: The subscript a for apparent is added when the apparent cross-section area is used. The subscript e for effective is added when the effective cross-section area is used. EXAMPLE 2 t,m,e= effectivetensilestrengthProportionalityCoefficientOrPseudo ModulusProportionality coefficient in tension/compressiEp(1,2)Slope ofa linearporti
