1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 16208:2011Biobased products Overview of standardsPD CEN/TR 16208:2011 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 1620
2、8:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e C I I / 5 8 , B i o t e c h n o l o g y .A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessar
3、y provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 73054 2 ICS 13.020.60; 71.100.99 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy a
4、nd Strategy Committee on 31 May 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dPD CEN/TR 16208:2011TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16208 May 2011 ICS 13.020.60; 71.100 English Version Biobased products - Overview of standards Produits biosourcs - Vu
5、e densemble des normes Biobasierte Produkte - bersicht von Normen und Standards This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 26 March 2011. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/SS N99. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
6、Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPE
7、N DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16208:2011: EPD CEN/TR 16208:2011CEN/TR 16208:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page
8、Foreword 31 Scope 42 Criteria an evaluation of the applicable criteria to each paper (horizontal assessment“ of the matrix) 4. A chapter with an evaluation of coverage per criterion and the resulting gap (“vertical assessment“ of the matrix) 5. Conclusions Sources of information include: EU Lead Mar
9、ket Initiative documents (LMI); standards (CEN, ASTM, ASME, BSI, VDI); web posted information such as certification schemes; and knowledge of Task group members; 2.2 Criteria list In relation to bio-based products, the following criteria are evaluated in this report: 1. Bio-content / Amount of Renew
10、able Raw materials; 2. Product Functionality / Technical Performance ; 3. End of life: a. Biodegradability; b. Compostability; c. Recycling; d. Durability. PD CEN/TR 16208:2011CEN/TR 16208:2011 (E) 5 4. Life-Cycle Assessment: a. GHG emissions; b. Energy use; c. Other LCA criteria. 5. Sustainability:
11、 a. Environmental; b. Social; c. Economic. 2.3 Analysis approach The documents in the gap-analysis matrix are evaluated by their relevance. First, their scope is presented. Then their applicability for bio-based product standards in general terms is evaluated. This is the horizontal evaluation. A ve
12、rtical evaluation on each criterion will be presented, in order to highlight coverage and gaps. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE Existing definitions and their source(s) of the evaluated criteria are listed below. 3.1 Bio-cont
13、ent / Amount of renewable raw materials 3.1.1 bio-based derived from biomass CEN BT/WG 209 3.1.2 bio-based carbon content carbon in a sample that is of recent origin, as evidenced by its 14C isotope content NOTE 1 The amount of bio-based carbon in the material or product is often expressed as a perc
14、ent of the weight(mass) of the total organic carbon of the product CEN/TR 15932 NOTE 2 ASTM D6852-02 defines bio-based content as the amount of bio-based material as fraction weight or percent weight of the total material PD CEN/TR 16208:2011CEN/TR 16208:2011 (E) 6 3.1.3 bio-based product product wh
15、olly or partly bio-based NOTE The bio-based product is normally characterised by the bio-based content. CEN BT/WG 209 3.1.4 biomass material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or fossilized NOTE This definition refers to the well-known short-cycle of carbon
16、, i.e. the life cycle of biological materials (e.g. plants, algae, marine organisms, forestry, micro-organisms, animals, and biological waste from households, agriculture, animals and food/feed production). CEN BT/WG 209 3.1.5 biomass content mass fraction of bio-based material NOTE Claim of biomass
17、 content is difficult to verify due to lack of standards. CEN/TR 15932 3.1.6 renewable raw material material used to produce a product and replenished by natural processes at a rate comparable to its exploitation rate Adapted from ISO 14040 and CEN/TR 15932 3.2 Product functionality / Technical perf
18、ormance 3.2.1 product any goods or service ISO 14040:2006 3.2.2 product function characteristic attribute or characteristic in the performance and use of a product ISO 14024:1999 NOTE The first criterion to be considered in the choice of materials and design of a product is that it shall perform the
19、 function for which it is intended to an acceptable standard. These criteria will vary depending on the application but the key requirements are: meeting legal and statutory requirements including for example composition control and migration limits for food contact, physical performance for contain
20、ing of hazardous products; functional including physical strength, hygiene, safety and barrier performance; use performance including opening, closing, pouring/emptying, child resistant; PD CEN/TR 16208:2011CEN/TR 16208:2011 (E) 7 minimum use of material, consistent with the three points above; cont
21、ent identification and communication. The specifications of the product should be defined by the performance requirements, and not by the source of material. 3.3 End of life / Biodegradability / Compostability / Recycling / Durability 3.3.1 biodegradation degradation caused by biological activity es
22、pecially by enzymatic action leading to a significant change of the chemical structure of a material EN 13193:2000 3.3.2 biodegradable capable of undergoing biological anaerobic or aerobic degradation leading to CO2, H2O, methane, biomass and mineral salts depending on the environmental conditions o
23、f the process CEN/TR 15932 3.3.3 compostability potential of a material to be disintegrated and biodegraded without hindrance in a composting process Based on EN 13193:2000 3.3.4 durability capability of a product or any component to satisfy, with planned maintenance, the design performance requirem
24、ents over a specified period of time under the influence of the environmental actions, or as a result of a self-ageing process Adapted from ISO 15928-3 3.3.5 maximum level of biodegradation degree of biodegradation, measured in percent, of a chemical compound or organic matter in a test, above which
25、 no further biodegradation takes place during the test ISO 14853:2005 3.3.6 organic recycling (organic recovery) aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (biomethanization) treatment, under controlled conditions and using microorganisms, of the biodegradable parts of waste, which produces stabilized organi
26、c residues or methane. Landfill shall not be considered a form of organic recycling adapted from Directive 94/62/EC 3.3.7 recycling reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes including organic recycling but excluding energy recovery Dir
27、ective 94/62/EC PD CEN/TR 16208:2011CEN/TR 16208:2011 (E) 8 3.3.8 ultimate biodegradability breakdown of an organic chemical compound by micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) and new biomass or in the absen
28、ce of oxygen to carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts and new biomass EN 13432:2000, also in EN 14995:2006 3.4 Life-Cycle Assessment / GHG emissions / Energy use / Other LCA criteria 3.4.1 greenhouse gas GHG gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emi
29、ts radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earths surface, the atmosphere, and clouds NOTE GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) ISO
30、14064-1:2006 3.4.2 greenhouse gas emission total mass of a GHG released to the atmosphere over a specified period of time ISO 14064-1:2006 3.4.2 life cycle consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal ISO
31、 14040:2006 3.4.3 life cycle assessment (LCA) compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle ISO 14040:2006 3.4.4 life cycle inventory (LCI) collection and assembly of materials and energy input and output data
32、for a specified product system NOTE LCI is only one of the phases in conducting an LCA and is not an assessment of the environmental impacts associated with the product system ASTM D 7075 04 PD CEN/TR 16208:2011CEN/TR 16208:2011 (E) 9 3.5 Sustainability / Environmental / Social / Economic criteria 3
33、.5.1 biological diversity values intrinsic, ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological diversity and its components NTA 8080 3.5.2 environmental aspect element of an organizations activity or products that can interact wi
34、th the environment ISO 14021:1999 3.5.3 environmental claim statement, symbol or graphic that indicates an environmental aspect of a product, a component or packaging ISO 14021:1999 NOTE An environmental claim may be made on product or packaging labels, through product literature, technical bulletin
35、s, advertising, publicity, telemarketing, as well as through digital or electronic media such as Internet. 3.5.4 environmental impact any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from a products environmental aspects Adapted from ISO 14001:2004 3.5.5 en
36、vironmental impact assessment a process of predicting and evaluating the effects of an action or series of actions on the environment, then using the conclusions as a tool in planning and decision-making RSPO 3.5.6 environmental profile or environmental footprint environmental consequences of the cr
37、eation of a material, measured in terms of impact indicators such as the generation or recapture of CO2, biodegradability, recycling, and so forth ASTM D6852 3.5.7 product environmental criteria environmental requirements that the product shall meet in order to be awarded an environmental label ISO
38、14024:1999 3.5.8 social and economic sustainability criteria NOTE At the moment there are no clear definitions on social and economic sustainability criteria. This is currently under investigation in CEN/TC 383. PD CEN/TR 16208:2011PD CEN/TR 16208:2011CEN/TR 16208:2011 (E) 10 4 Standards and documen
39、ts analysis matrix DocumentReference Title1. Bio-content/AmountofRenewableRawmaterials2. ProductFunctionality/ TechnicalPerformance3. End oflifea.Biodegradabilityb.Compostabilityc.Recyclingd. Durability4.Life-Cycle Assessmenta.GHG emissionsb. Energyusec.OtherLCA criteria5.Sustainability a.Environmen
40、talb. Socialc. EconomicANSI/ASAB E S 593:2006 Terminology and Definitions for Biomass Production, Harvesting and Collection, Storage, Processing, Conversion and Utilization 5.1 y y y y n n n n y y y n n n n CEN/TR 15932 Plastics - Recommendation for terminology and characterisation of biopolymers an
41、d bioplastics 5.1 y y y y y y n n y y n n y n n ILCD/ELCD Int Life Cycle Data system handbook and European database 5.2 n n y n n y n y y y y n y n n CR13910 CEN TC 261 Reporting criteria for life cycle analysis for packaging 5.2 n n y n n n n y n n y n y n n ASTM D7075 Standard Practice for Evaluat
42、ing and Reporting Environmental Performance of Biobased Products 5.2 y n y y n n n y n n y y y n n VDI 4431 Life-cycle management in the manufacturing industry 5.2 n n y n n y n y n n n n y y n ISO 14064-1:2006 Greenhouse gases - Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quan
43、tification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals 5.2 n n y n n n n y y n n n n n n ISO/WD 14067-1 Carbon footprint of products 5.2 n n y y n y n y y y n n n n n ISO/NP 14046 Water footprint - principles, requirements and guidance 5.2 n n y n n n n y y n n n n n n NTA 8080 Sustainabi
44、lity criteria for biomass for energy purposes 5.2 n n n n n n n y y y y y y y y PD CEN/TR 16208:2011PD CEN/TR 16208:2011CEN/TR 16208:2011 (E) 11 BEES USDA green public procurement 5.2 y n y y y y n y y y y y y y y ASTM D6852 Standard Guide for Determination of Biobased Content, Resources Consumption
45、, and Environmental Profile of Materials and Products 5.2 y n n n n n n y y y y n y n n ISO DIS 26000 Guidance on social responsibility 5.2 n n y n n n n y y y y y y y y ISO 14025 Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures 5.2 n n y y n n
46、n y y y y n n n n ISO 14040 series Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework 5.2 n y y n n y n y y y n n y n n PAS 2050 Specification for the assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services 5.2 y y y n n y n y y y n n y n n BP X30-323 Gen
47、eral principles for an environmental communication on mass market products 5.2 y y y n n y n y y y y n y n n ASTM D6866-6a Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis 5.3 y n n n n n n n n n n n
48、n n n ASTM D7026 ASTM D7026 - 04 Standard Guide for Sampling and Reporting of Results for Determination of Biobased Content of Materials via Carbon Isotope Analysis 5.3 y n n n n n n n n n n n n n n WI 00249737 Plastics - Biopolymers - Determination of biobased carbon content 5.3 y n n n n n n n n n
49、 n n n n n EN 15440 Solid recovered fuels - Method of the determination of biomass content 5.3 y n n n n n n n n n n n n n n ISO 15380 Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) - Family H (Hydraulic systems) - Specifications for categories HETG, HEPG, HEES and HEPR 5.4 n y y y n y n n n n n n y n n EU Ecolabel 2005/360/E C Criteria_for_the_award_of_the_E uropean_Eco-label_to_lubricants.pdf 5.4 y y y y n n n n n n n n y n n Blue Angel RAL-UZ-48 Readily Biodegradable Chain Lubr
