1、Natural stones Guidance for use of natural stonesPD CEN/TR 17024:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 17024:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Techni
2、calCommittee B/545, Natural stone.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institut
3、ion 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 94189 4ICS 91.100.15Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2017.Amendments/co
4、rrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 17024:2017TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 17024 January 2017 ICS 91.100.15 English Version Natural stones - Guidance for use of natural stones Pierres naturelles - Guide demploi des pierres n
5、aturelles Naturstein - Leitfaden fr die Anwendung von Natursteinen This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 13 September 2016. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 246. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
6、 Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROP
7、EAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 17024:2017 EP
8、D CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 General specifications . 7 4.1 General principles . 7 4.2 Characterization tests 10 4.2.1 Origin of the stone 10 4.2.2 Petrographic analysis
9、. 10 4.2.3 Visual characteristics: reference sample 10 4.2.4 Apparent density 11 4.2.5 Open porosity 11 4.2.6 Water absorption . 12 4.2.7 Determination of uniaxial compressive strength. 13 4.2.8 Determination of flexural strength . 13 4.2.9 Modulus of elasticity . 14 4.2.10 Sound speed propagation 1
10、4 4.2.11 Thermal expansion coefficient 14 4.3 Tests relating to performance in use 15 4.3.1 Resistance to breaking load at dowel hole . 15 4.3.2 Rupture energy . 15 4.3.3 Sensitivity to staining . 15 4.3.4 Slip resistance . 16 4.4 Durability tests 17 4.4.1 Frost resistance. 17 4.4.2 Determination of
11、 abrasion resistance 18 4.5 Dimensional tolerances - Corresponding standards . 19 4.6 Suitability for the intended use . 19 5 Delivery acceptance 22 5.1 Conditions of delivery acceptance . 22 5.1.1 General . 22 5.1.2 Objective of the delivery acceptance process 23 5.1.3 Location . 23 5.1.4 Date . 23
12、 5.1.5 Staff and equipment for delivery acceptance 23 5.2 Proceedings of delivery acceptance process 23 5.2.1 General . 23 5.2.2 Evaluation of the delivered quantity. 23 5.2.3 Sampling 23 5.2.4 Testing of the materials nature 24 5.2.5 Testing of geometric characteristics . 24 5.2.6 Testing of declar
13、ed performance characteristics. 25 6 Dealing with visual and dimensional non conformities. 25 PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 17024:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
14、 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 4 Introduction Product standards for natural stone are iss
15、ued by the European committee for standardization and deal with stone masonry, tiles and slabs for cladding, flooring and stairs. Producers in countries outside the European Union might not be familiar with these product standards. Therefore, the scope of this document is to inform and assist the us
16、er in order to provide recommendations for the proper use of natural stone and the requirements of the product standards regulating their being placed on the market within the countries comprising the European Union. PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report applies t
17、o natural stone products intended for masonry elements, wall coverings (including tiles), internal floor and stair finishes (including tiles) and exterior floor and stair finishes (including paving), as well as massive stone elements. It provides guidance for the application and use of natural stone
18、 products in accordance with European product standards. This Technical Report does not deal with coatings or staining problems, and does not take into account treatments that could modify the performance characteristics of the materials. This Technical Report does not apply to agglomerated stones a
19、nd aggregates. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (incl
20、uding any amendments) applies. EN 771-6, Specification for masonry units Part 6: Natural stone masonry units EN 772-1, Test methods for masonry units Part 1: Determination of compressive strength EN 772-11, Methods of test for masonry units - Part 11: Determination of water absorption of aggregate c
21、oncrete, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone and natural stone masonry units due to capillary action and the initial rate of water absorption of clay masonry units EN 1341, Slabs of natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods EN 1342, Setts of natural stone for exte
22、rnal paving - Requirements and test methods EN 1343, Kerbs of natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods EN 1467, Natural stone - Rough blocks - Requirements EN 1468, Natural stone - Rough slabs - Requirements EN 1469, Natural stone products - Slabs for cladding - Requirements
23、 EN 1925, Natural stone test methods - Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity EN 1926, Natural stone test methods - Determination of uniaxial compressive strength EN 1936, Natural stone test methods - Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open por
24、osity EN 12057, Natural stone products - Modular tiles - Requirements EN 12058, Natural stone products - Slabs for floors and stairs - Requirements EN 12059, Natural stone Finished products, dimensional stone work Requirements EN 12371, Natural stone test methods - Determination of frost resistance
25、EN 12372, Natural stone test methods - Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 6 EN 12407, Natural stone test methods - Petrographic examination EN 12440, Natural stone - Denomination criteria EN 12670, Natural stone - Terminology EN 13364
26、, Natural stone test methods - Determination of the breaking load at dowel hole EN 13373, Natural stone test methods - Determination of geometric characteristics on units EN 13755, Natural stone test methods - Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure EN 14066, Natural stone test met
27、hods - Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock EN 14146, Natural stone test methods - Determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental resonance frequency) EN 14157, Natural stone test methods - Determination of the abrasion resistance EN 14158, Natural
28、 stone test methods - Determination of rupture energy EN 14579, Natural stone test methods - Determination of sound speed propagation EN 14581, Natural stone test methods - Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient EN 16140, Natural stone test methods - Determination of sensitivity to ch
29、anges in appearance produced by thermal cycles EN 16306, Natural stone test methods - Determination of resistance of marble to thermal and moisture cycles CEN/TS 16165, Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this do
30、cument, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 order all products to be delivered on the basis of the contract 3.2 order item one of a set of products corresponding to one single order 3.3 contractual sample reference sample which forms part of the contract PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2
31、017 (E) 7 3.4 delivery part or all of the order arriving at the same time and at the same place, and giving rise to a delivery order Note 1 to entry: In addition to the requirements of CE marking, the documents accompanying the delivery shall state the following: reference of the order; name and add
32、ress of the supplier; nature and type of the delivered order items; date of collection and place of delivery; total weight of the load; quantity of delivered order items; weight of materials packaged in bulk (per packaging unit). 3.5 delivery acceptance series of operations to verify compliance of t
33、he delivery with the contract specification (quantity, tolerance specifications, appearance, mechanical properties, contractual samples, etc.) 3.6 packaging unit term that designates for instance a pallet, a crate, a bag, a box Note 1 to entry: Each packaging unit shall carry a marking or label allo
34、wing the identification of the batch to which it derives. 3.7 batch set of packaging units containing one order item in one delivery Note 1 to entry: A batch necessarily corresponds to a single characterization sheet. Note 2 to entry: A delivery may include one or several batches. 4 General specific
35、ations 4.1 General principles To assess whether a stone type is suitable for a particular application, a specific testing program is described as mentioned in Table 1. Table 1 contains a detailed overview of the most useful tests, in particular: characterization tests (or identification tests): they
36、 are used to determine the intrinsic material properties, independent of its transformation into a finished product and the environment in which it will be used; tests relating to performance in use: these tests evaluate the performance of the finished product after manufacturing. Therefore, these t
37、ests should as nearly as possible reproduce the physical PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 8 forces and effects of weathering and contamination that act upon the element in service (taking into account dimensions and surface conditions); durability tests: these tests are used to analyse the
38、behaviour of the stone over time and thus make it possible to evaluate the stability of the intrinsic material properties and of the initial performance data after a period of time. Additionally it is relevant to consider the performance of the same stone type in existing examples of its use under s
39、imilar climatic conditions. Table 1 Examples of stones used in structural applications and related tests Product standard Structural application Test of performance in use Test standard Masonry EN 7716 Element in elevation, with no possibility of splash back Splash course Window sill Handrail String
40、 course Cornice Pinnacles Gargoyle Massive slab for balcony Plinth Capillarity EN 77211 Frost resistance EN 12371 Compressive strength EN 7721 Wall cladding EN 1469 Internal cladding Mechanically fastened cladding Resistance to breaking at dowel hole EN 13364 Flexural strength EN 12372 (EN 13161) Ex
41、ternal cladding Mechanically fastened cladding Elevation String course Balcony sill Window sill Plinth Horizontal covering Frost resistance EN 12371 Resistance to breaking at dowel hole EN 13364 Flexural strength EN 12372 (EN 13161) Resistance of marble to thermal and moisture cycles EN 16306 Therma
42、l shock resistance EN 14066 PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 9 Wall cladding EN 1469 EN 12057 EN 12059 Internal cladding Glued cladding Apparent density Open porosity EN 1936 External cladding Glued cladding and tiling Elevation String course Balcony sill Window sill Plinth Horizontal cover
43、ing Apparent density Open porosity EN 1936 Frost resistance EN 12371 Thermal shock resistance EN 14066 Floor covering EN 12058 EN 12057 Interior floors and stairs Abrasion resistance EN 14157 Flexural strength EN 12372 (EN 13161) Exterior floors and stairs Abrasion resistance EN 14157 Slip resistanc
44、e CEN/TS 16165 Flexural strength EN 12372 (EN 13161) Frost resistance EN 12371 External Paving EN 1341 Slabs Abrasion resistance EN 14157 Flexural strength EN 12372 (EN 13161) Slip and skip resistance EN 14231 Frost resistance EN 12371 EN 1342 Setts Abrasion resistance EN 14157 Compressive strength
45、EN 1926 Slip and skid resistance EN 14231 Frost resistance EN 12371 EN 1343 Kerbs Abrasion resistance EN 14157 Flexural strength EN 12372 Frost resistance EN 12371 PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 10 4.2 Characterization tests 4.2.1 Origin of the stone The part of the characterization recor
46、d/sheet reserved to the origin of the stone shall mention, according to EN 12440: the name and the address of the supplier of the stone product; the commercial name of the stone; the petrographic nature of the stone according to the standards EN 12407 and EN 12670; the place of origin (as precise as
47、 possible, e.g. country, city, GPS data); the macroscopic description of the appearance (colour, texture, etc.). 4.2.2 Petrographic analysis Petrographic characterization (see EN 12407) allows the determination of the mineralogical composition of the natural stone. Based on this information, the cor
48、rect geological name of the stone can be deduced. According to EN 12440, the name of the stone should state the place of origin, the (geological) type and the colour of the stone. In this context, correct petrographic identification of the stone is important and should prevent the use of misleading
49、names. Besides these geological features, a petrographic analysis can also provide useful information concerning the sensitivity of stone in specific conditions (micro cracking, formation of expansive minerals, oxidation of metallic minerals, etc.). 4.2.3 Visual characteristics: reference sample Stone is a natural material; its colour, veining and texture can vary. Therefore, the general visual characteristics should be defined by means of a reference sample. A reference sample shall comprise an adequate number of pieces of n
