1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPlastics Recycled plastics Sample preparationPD CEN/TS 16011:2013National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 16011:2013.The UK participation in it
2、s preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteePRI/89, Plastics recycling.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct
3、application. The British Standards Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 75315 2ICS 13.030.50; 83.080.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and
4、 Strategy Committee on 28 February 2013.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TS 16011:2013TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16011 January 2013 ICS 13.030.50; 83.080.01 English Version Plastics - Recycled p
5、lastics - Sample preparation Plastiques - Plastiques recycls - Prparation des chantillons Kunststoffe - Kunststoff-Rezyklate - Probenvorbereitung This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 22 October 2012 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited
6、 initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to m
7、ake the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards
8、 bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sloveni
9、a, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for
10、CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16011:2013: EPD CEN/TS 16011:2013CEN/TS 16011:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations 55 General requirements 56 Sampling .67 Methods 68 Precision of sample preparat
11、ion 99 Bias in sample preparation .910 Packing and marking of samples 10Annex A (normative) Principles of sample preparation 11Annex B (informative) Sample preparation schemes . 21Bibliography . 23PD CEN/TS 16011:2013CEN/TS 16011:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 16011:2013) has been prepare
12、d by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent right
13、s. This Technical Specification is one part of a series of CEN publications on Plastics Recycling that is structured as follows: EN 15342, Plastics Recycled Plastics Characterization of polystyrene (PS) recyclates EN 15343, Plastics Recycled Plastics Plastics recycling traceability and assessment of
14、 conformity and recycled content EN 15344, Plastics Recycled Plastics Characterisation of Polyethylene (PE) recyclates EN 15345, Plastics Recycled Plastics Characterisation of Polypropylene (PP) recyclates EN 15346, Plastics Recycled plastics Characterisation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) recyclates
15、 EN 15347, Plastics Recycled Plastics Characterisation of plastics wastes EN 15348, Plastics Recycled plastic Characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) recyclates CEN/TR 15353, Plastics Recycled Plastics Guidelines for the development of standards for recycled plastics CEN/TS 16010, Pla
16、stics Recycled plastics Sampling procedures for testing plastics waste and recyclates According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Cz
17、ech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingd
18、om. PD CEN/TS 16011:2013CEN/TS 16011:2013 (E) 4 Introduction Recycling of plastics waste is one type of material recovery process intended to save resources (virgin raw materials, water, energy), while minimising harmful emissions into air, water and soil as well as their impacts on human health. Th
19、e environmental impact of recycling should be assessed over the whole life cycle of the recycling system (from the waste generation point to the disposal of final residues). To ensure that recycling constitutes the best environmental option for treating the available waste, some prerequisites should
20、 preferably be met: the recycling scheme being contemplated should generate lower environmental impacts than alternative recovery options; existing or potential market outlets should be identified that will secure a sustainable industrial recycling operation; the collection and sorting schemes shoul
21、d be properly designed to deliver recyclable plastics waste fractions fitting reasonably well with the available recycling technologies and with the (changing) needs of the identified market outlets, preferably at minimum costs for society. This Technical Specification has been produced in accordanc
22、e with the guidance produced by CEN on Environmental Aspects and in accordance with CEN/TR 15353, Plastics Recycled Plastics Guidelines for the development of standards for recycled plastics. NOTE CEN/TR 15353 considers the general environmental aspects which are specific to the recycling process. T
23、he purpose of this Technical Specification is to define the procedures to be followed to prepare samples taken in accordance with CEN/TS 16010 in readiness for testing various material characteristics as set out in other relevant standards for recycled plastics (EN 15342 to EN 15348). It is not the
24、intention of this Technical Specification to develop new sample preparation methods. PD CEN/TS 16011:2013CEN/TS 16011:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies the preparation of samples of recycled plastics prior to testing and takes account of the specifics of the material. Sample
25、preparation should avoid any process that causes de-mixing of the sample. Following preparation, the sample should remain representative. The behaviour of contaminants should be carefully analysed and observed to ensure this is homogeneous. This Technical Specification does not address any legal or
26、product safety issues. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docume
27、nt (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TR 15353:2007, Plastics Recycled plastics Guidelines for the development of standards for recycled plastics CEN/TS 16010, Plastics Recycled plastics Sampling procedures for testing plastics waste and recyclates EN ISO 472:2001, Plastics Vocabulary (ISO 472:
28、1999) ISO 3085, Iron ores Experimental methods for checking the precision of sampling, sample preparation and measurement ISO 3086, Iron ores Experimental methods for checking the bias of sampling ISO 11648-1, Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials Part 1: General principles ISO 11648-2
29、:2001, Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials Part 2: Sampling of particulate materials ISO 13909-7, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 7: Methods for determining the precision of sampling, sample preparation and testing ISO 13909-8, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part
30、8: Methods of testing for bias 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and abbreviated terms given in EN ISO 472:2001, in CEN/TR 15353:2007 apply. 4 Symbols and abbreviations Cvcoefficient of variation 5 General requirements 5.1 Implementation Successful imp
31、lementation of this Technical Specification depends on effective communication between the data user, the sampler and test laboratory. The aim is to close the information chain of the whole processes around the sampling in combination with the laboratory analysis. PD CEN/TS 16011:2013CEN/TS 16011:20
32、13 (E) 6 NOTE The data user could be the supplier, purchaser or a third party. 5.2 Instructions The appropriate instructions for sampling, sample preparation and testing shall be reviewed by all those involved in the sampling and testing process. If there are no instructions, the test laboratory sho
33、uld contact the data user. 5.3 Storage Samples should be collected in appropriate containers for the tests required. The storage conditions shall ensure that the sample characteristics do not change. 5.4 Documentation The whole sampling and sub-sampling process shall be documented with all relevant
34、facts recorded. It is also useful to record the apparatus used and their calibration details. 5.5 Sample preparation rooms All sample preparations shall be done in rooms or at places which do not influence the samples, or where the influence is negligible. All these areas shall be free from contamin
35、ation, be easily decontaminated and be vented to control dust and remove fumes. It is good laboratory practice to avoid unnecessary flame, heat and fume. 5.6 Volatiles If volatiles and non-volatiles are to be determined, then precautions shall be taken to ensure that the volatiles are not able to es
36、cape during the sampling and sample preparation process. 6 Sampling Take the sample in accordance with CEN/TS 16010. 7 Methods 7.1 General The general principles of sample preparation are described in Annex A and ISO 11648-2. 7.2 Determination of the minimum laboratory sample The determination of th
37、e minimum laboratory sample is dependent on the characteristics and properties to be tested. It should be noted that the minimum mass of the laboratory analysis sample increases with the maximum grain size or mass of the individual particle of the sample. In Table 1 the relationship is given between
38、 the maximum particle size and sample mass to achieve a different fundamental error with 15 %, 10 % and 5 %. The determination of this minimum value is dependent on the maximum mass/particle size of the material being analysed, the required measurement tolerance and the statistical probability value
39、 with which the result is correlated. If no information is available, the minimum value of the laboratory sample should be determined by Table 1. Note the different coefficients of variation Cv. Samples for the determination of moisture should be a minimum of 1 kg, see 7.5.2. PD CEN/TS 16011:2013CEN
40、/TS 16011:2013 (E) 7 Table 1 Minimum value of the laboratory sample Required minimum mass of the laboratory sample g Maximum allowable particle sizeacm Cv 15 % Maximum allowable particle sizeacm Cv 10 % Maximum allowable particle sizeacm Cv 5 % Sieve size (ISO 565) 0,1 0,05 0,04 0,03 500 m 1 0,10 0,
41、08 0,06 1,0 mm 2 0,13 0,10 0,08 1,4 mm5 0,17 0,13 0,10 1,7 mm 10 0,21 0,16 0,13 2,0 mm30 0,31 0,24 0,19 2,8 mm 50 0,37 0,28 0,22 3,35 mm100 0,46 0,35 0,28 4,0 mm aThe particle size is dependent on the maximum linear dimension of the particle. It is the determined effective size or size distribution
42、of particles, mostly done by manual or automatic sieves. 7.3 Homogenisation of samples Suitable equipment for sample homogenisation and division are the riffle splitter or the sectorial splitter. 7.4 Sample preparation before mechanical testing The preparation of samples before mechanical testing is
43、 dependent on the physical form of the material. Usually the aim is to produce a moulded part prior to mechanical testing. For flakes and agglomerates then additional granulation (size reduction) might be required before moulding. If the sample is in the form of a compound and information is availab
44、le on the melt filtration used, then additional granulation might be unnecessary. See Table 2. Table 2 Sample preparation before mechanical testing Powder Flake Agglomerate Compound Moulded part shredding granulation (optional) granulation (optional) granulation (optional) granulation (optional) mou
45、lding moulding moulding moulding mouldingtesting testing testing testing testing 7.5 Preparation of samples for the determination of moisture 7.5.1 Sample Type The sample to be tested shall be either: a) a sample collected exclusively for the determination of moisture; or b) a sample on which determ
46、inations of moisture and other quality characteristics are required. PD CEN/TS 16011:2013CEN/TS 16011:2013 (E) 8 7.5.2 Mass The mass of each moisture sample shall not be less than 1 kg. Recommended masses of samples at various nominal maximum particle sizes are given in Table 3 (taken from ISO 11648
47、-2:2001). Samples of nominal maximum particle size greater than 22,4 mm may be subjected to a two-stage drying procedure, as described in Annex A.4.1 b). Table 3 Example of recommended minimum mass of sample for the determination of moisture Nominal maximum particle size of material Maximum layer th
48、ickness Minimum massMaximum allowable difference between subsequent weightings of dried samples Accuracy of weighing Minimum drying time mm mm kg g g h 63,0 70 110 110 10 16 45,0 50 40 40 4 12 31,5 35 14 14 1 8 22,4 25 5 5 0,5 6 16,0 20 2 2 0,2 4 11,2 13 1 1 0,1 4 7.5.3 Precautions against loss of m
49、oisture One of the main difficulties in determining moisture is that of minimising changes in the moisture content of the sample when preparing the moisture sample. Take every precaution to minimise changes in moisture content due to unsuitable containers and by evaporation during handling, particularly if the bulk material is extremely wet. Keep all moisture samples in sealed containers in a cool place and out of
