1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TS 16675:2014Characterization of waste Test methods for thedetermination of themonolithic status of wastePD CEN/TS 16675:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS16675:2014.The UK participation in its preparatio
2、n was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctappli
3、cation. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 83967 2ICS 13.030.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Commi
4、ttee on 30 September 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TS 16675:2014TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16675 September 2014 ICS 13.030.10 English Version Characterisation of waste - Test methods for the determination of the m
5、onolithic status of waste Caractrisation des dchets - Vrification du caractre monolithique dun dchet Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Prfverfahren fr die Bestimmung der monolithischen Eigenschaften von Abfllen This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 18 February 2014 for provision
6、al application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce th
7、e existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/
8、TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, N
9、etherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All
10、 rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16675:2014 EPD CEN/TS 16675:2014CEN/TS 16675:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Principle 7 5 Equipment a
11、nd reagents .8 6 Sampling and sample preparation .8 7 Procedures .8 7.1 General 8 7.2 Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) .8 7.3 Permeability 8 7.4 Loss of mass 9 7.5 Expansion .9 7.6 Organic matter .9 7.7 Freeze/thaw effects 9 8 Expression of results . 10 9 Documentation and test report . 10 9.1
12、General requirements . 10 9.2 General data 10 9.3 Sample preparation (for each test procedure) . 11 9.4 Result of tests . 11 Bibliography . 12 PD CEN/TS 16675:2014CEN/TS 16675:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 16675:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization
13、of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Inter
14、nal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icelan
15、d, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 16675:2014CEN/TS 16675:2014 (E) 4 Introduction Disposal of some types of waste requires stabilisation/soli
16、dification to reduce the impact and/or comply with regulatory requirements. The characterisation of waste is an essential step for the assessment of a potential final destination, especially in case of landfilling and associated potential hazards. Based on its properties, a stabilised/solidified was
17、te material may be allocated to a landfill for granular waste or a landfill for monolithic waste. Information on certain physical properties of a given stabilised/solidified waste material is required to determine if it can be classified as a monolithic material and to select appropriate leaching te
18、st method(s) and landfilling options for that waste. This technical specification describes test methods applicable to assessment of these physical properties. WARNING Anyone dealing with waste and sludge analysis should be aware of the typical risks of that kind of material irrespective of the para
19、meter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples may contain hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction. Consequently these samples should be handled with special care. Gases which may be produced by microbiological
20、or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurise sealed bottles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations should be followed with respect to all hazards associated with the methods in this technical specification. PD CEN
21、/TS 16675:2014CEN/TS 16675:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification provides methods, which can be used to assess the monolithic character of a stabilised/solidified waste, with respect to landfilling. Information on the monolithic character is required to enable the choice of appropriate lea
22、ching tests for determination of the release of different substances from stabilised/solidified waste under specified (landfilling) conditions. This document includes several physical and/or chemical test methods each addressing different aspects of monolithic character. The selection of methods req
23、uired for an assessment of the monolithic character of a stabilised/solidified waste may vary, depending on the scenario to be addressed or it may be specified in regulation. Rather than describing the procedures and methods in detail this document refers to existing standards and provides some guid
24、ance on their use on stabilised/solidified waste materials. This Technical Specification does not address issues related to health and safety. The following procedures and methods are included in this document: test to determine unconfined compressive strength; test to determine permeability; test t
25、o determine the loss of mass by dissolution or disintegration; test to determine expansion; test to determine the content of organic matter; test to determine freeze/thaw effects. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
26、 indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12390-3, Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens EN 13137, Charact
27、erization of waste - Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in waste, sludges and sediments EN 15002, Characterization of waste - Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample CEN/TR 15177:2006, Testing the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete - Internal structural damage EN 15216, Char
28、acterization of waste - Determination of total dissolved solids (TDS) in water and eluates CEN/TS 15863, Characterisation of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterisation - Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal, under fixed test conditions CEN/TS 15864, Charact
29、erisation of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterisation - Dynamic monolithic leaching test with continuous leachant renewal under conditions relevant for specified scenario(s) PD CEN/TS 16675:2014CEN/TS 16675:2014 (E) 6 CEN ISO/TS 17892-11, Geotechnical investigation and testing - La
30、boratory testing of soil - Part 11: Determination of permeability by constant and falling head (ISO/TS 17892-11) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dry matter wdm mass fraction of a sample excluding water expressed as a percentag
31、e by mass calculated by determination of dry residue or water content SOURCE: EN 14346 3.2 dry residue wdr remaining mass fraction of a sample after a drying process at 105 C SOURCE: EN 14346 3.3 eluate solution recovered from a leaching test 3.4 laboratory sample sample or subsample (s) sent to or
32、received by the laboratory SOURCE: IUPAC:1997 Note 1 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further prepared (reduced) by subdividing, mixing, grinding or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the laboratory sam
33、ple is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the performance of the test or for analysis. The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collection but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory. Note 2 to entry: Severa
34、l laboratory samples could be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same laboratory for different purposes. When sent to the same laboratory, the set is generally considered as a single laboratory sample and is documented as a single sample. 3.5 leachant liquid used in a leaching tes
35、t SOURCE: EN 124571 3.6 leaching test test during which a material is put into contact with a leachant and some constituents of the material are extracted SOURCE: EN 124571 PD CEN/TS 16675:2014CEN/TS 16675:2014 (E) 7 3.7 monolithic waste waste prepared with certain minimum dimensions and physical an
36、d mechanical properties that ensure its integrity over a certain period of time in the considered scenario 3.8 stabilised/solidified waste waste stabilised/solidified by chemical and physical means to form a coherent body maintaining its integrity in the landfill over a specified timeframe. 3.9 test
37、 portion quantity of material of proper size for measurement of the concentration or other properties of interest removed from the test sample SOURCE: IUPAC:1997 3.10 test portion of monolithic waste specimen obtained either by moulding, by cutting or by coring and ready for the performance of a lea
38、ching test with a minimum dimension in all directions of 40 mm Note 1 to entry: The test portion could be taken from the laboratory sample directly if no preparation of sample is required, but usually it is taken from the prepared test sample. 3.11 test sample sample, prepared from the laboratory sa
39、mple, from which test portions are removed for testing or analysis SOURCE: IUPAC:1997 3.12 water content ww mass fraction of water in a sample determined by Karl-Fischer-titration SOURCE: EN 14346 3.13 waste monolith waste delivered as bulky forms of specified minimum dimensions retaining its form i
40、n the landfill over a specified timeframe Note 1 to entry: It may generally not be necessary to test a few waste monoliths disposed amongst granular waste, as their contribution to the landfill leachate quality will be marginal. 4 Principle The selection of methods to be used to assess the monolithi
41、c character of a specific waste material provided in this document shall address the conditions imposed by the relevant landfill scenario(s). In general, there is an intention to produce a monolithic waste form which will maintain its integrity under specified conditions over a specified time span f
42、or the landfill. The following procedures allow assessment of the monolithic character of a waste sample of regular shape in order to enable selection of appropriate test methods and interpretation models for the determination of the release of substances from the waste under landfilling conditions.
43、 Some of the procedures may also be used to determine if the waste material fulfils applicable geotechnical requirements for landfilling. If for some reason one or more of the procedures are not considered necessary for a specific purpose, the justification for that shall be given in the test report
44、. PD CEN/TS 16675:2014CEN/TS 16675:2014 (E) 8 5 Equipment and reagents The equipment and reagents to be used are listed in the selected methods and procedures. 6 Sampling and sample preparation EN 15002 provides general instructions on the preparation of test portions from a laboratory sample of mon
45、olithic waste. Each of the selected test methods will, however, include specific requirements on sample preparation which shall be followed. 7 Procedures 7.1 General One or more of the following procedures shall be used to assess the monolithic character of a stabilised/solidified waste material. 7.
46、2 Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) A monolithic material to be placed in a landfill shall have sufficient bearing capacity to support trucks and compacting equipment on the surface and sufficient strength to support its own mass. The waste in a landfill is usually enclosed in a confined space w
47、hich has a stabilising effect on its physical stability, also in the longer term. The requirements on strength for monolithic waste to be landfilled will generally be substantially lower than those for monolithic waste forms to utilised, e.g. as bricks which are often used under unconfined condition
48、s. Measurement of the unconfined compressive strength will allow an assessment of whether or not the bearing capacity of a monolithic waste material is sufficient in relation to a specific landfill scenario. The test may be carried out both before and after water exposure. The following standard sha
49、ll be used: EN 12390-3. The results shall be reported in accordance with the requirements in the standard. For the purpose of assessment of the monolithic character of the waste material, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) shall be reported in N/mm2(MPa). 7.3 Permeability The mechanism by which substances are released from a monolithic waste material depends to a large extent on the pattern of the flow of water around or through the material. Under specified external conditions the flow pattern is dependent on the permeability of the
