1、BSI Standards PublicationBio-based solvents Requirements and test methodsPD CEN/TS 16766:2015National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 16766:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MI/2, Bio-based products.A list of organizat
2、ions represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN
3、978 0 580 86715 6ICS 87.060.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLI
4、SHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TS 16766:2015TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16766 March 2015 ICS 87.060.30 English Version Bio-based solvents - Requirements and test methods Solvants biosourcs - Exigences et mthodes dessais Biobasierte Lsemittel - Anforderungen un
5、d PrfverfahrenThis Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 25 November 2014 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the quest
6、ion whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standard
7、s in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Mace
8、donia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUR
9、OPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16766:2015 EPD CEN/TS 16766:2015CEN/TS 16766:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3
10、Introduction .4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 General purpose of solvents 6 5 Performance .7 5.1 Generalities around performance 7 5.2 Technical performance properties .7 6 Health, safety and environmental requirements 9 7 Bio-based content. 10 8 Sustainability . 10
11、 9 Declaration and product labelling . 11 Annex A (normative) Hansen solubility parameters . 12 A.1 Generalities . 12 A.2 Calculation of the Hansen solubility parameters for individual solvents . 13 A.3 Calculation of Hansen solubility parameters for solvent blends 14 Bibliography . 15 PD CEN/TS 167
12、66:2015CEN/TS 16766:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 16766:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent r
13、ights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a Mandate M/491 1 given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, for the development of European Standards for solvents and s
14、urfactants in relation to bio-based product aspects. It has been prepared by CEN/TC 411/WG 2 “Bio based solvents”, the secretariat of which is held by the European Solvents Industry Group and NEN. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followin
15、g countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
16、 Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 16766:2015CEN/TS 16766:2015 (E) 4 Introduction Bio-based products from forestry and agriculture have a long history of application, such as paper, board and various chemicals
17、and materials. The last decades have seen the emergence of new bio-based products in the market. Some of the reasons for the increased interest lie in the bio-based products benefits in relation to the depletion of fossil resources and climate change. Bio-based products may also provide additional p
18、roduct functionalities. This has triggered a wave of innovation with the development of knowledge and technologies allowing new transformation processes and product development. Acknowledging the need for common standards for bio-based products, the European Commission issued mandate M/4921), result
19、ing in a series of standards developed by CEN/TC 411, with a focus on bio-based products other than food, feed and biomass for energy applications. The standards of CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products“ provide a common basis on the following aspects: Common terminology; Bio-based content determination; L
20、ife Cycle Assessment (LCA); Sustainability aspects; Declaration tools. It is important to understand what the term bio-based product covers and how it is being used. The term bio-based means derived from biomass 3. Bio-based products (bottles, insulation materials, wood and wood products, paper, sol
21、vents, chemical intermediates, composite materials, etc.) are products which are wholly or partly derived from biomass. It is essential to characterize the amount of biomass contained in the product by for instance its bio-based content or bio-based carbon content. The bio-based content of a product
22、 does not provide information on its environmental impact or sustainability, which may be assessed through LCA and sustainability criteria. In addition, transparent and unambiguous communication within bio-based value chains is facilitated by a harmonized framework for certification and declaration.
23、 This Technical Specification has been developed with the aim to fulfil part of a Mandate 1 to describe the technical requirements of bio-based solvents in relation to bio-based product aspects. Solvents are liquids which have the ability to dissolve, suspend or extract other materials. In Europe, t
24、housands of producers and manufacturers and more than 10 million workers use solvents every day. The solvent producing industry is composed of both small and medium-sized enterprises as well as multinationals. Downstream users generally tend to be SMEs and micro-SMEs. Solvents are mainly produced fr
25、om fossil feedstock. The amount of fossil feedstock used for solvent production is however low with less than 1 % of the total worlds fossil feedstock consumption (see www.esig.be). This document describes the approach that can be taken in describing the technical requirements of bio-based solvents
26、in relation to bio-based product for the customers using bio-based solvents. This document examines how to prove the criteria for “bio-based solvents”. The purpose of this document is to define how the criteria of performance, health, safety and environment can be determined (measured and calculated
27、) for the 1) A Mandate is a standardization task embedded in European trade laws. Mandate M/492 is addressed to the European Standardization bodies, CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, for the development of horizontal European Standards for bio-based products. PD CEN/TS 16766:2015CEN/TS 16766:2015 (E) 5 bio-bas
28、ed solvent placed on the market. This approach intends to strengthen the reputation of “bio-based solvents” and the confidence of the customer in this product group. The criteria for “bio-based solvents“ published in this Technical Specification are complementary to the other, horizontal standards b
29、y CEN/TC 411. PD CEN/TS 16766:2015CEN/TS 16766:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Specification sets requirements for bio-based solvents in terms of properties, limits, application classes and test methods. It lays down the characteristics and details for assessment of bio-based solvents: fit for pur
30、pose in terms of performance related properties; comply with the requirements regarding the health, safety and environment which apply to general solvents; are derived from a certain minimum percentage of biomass; and comply with at least similar sustainability criteria as comparable (regular) solve
31、nts. The criteria of the Regulation for Environmental Assessment of Chemicals (REACH) 2 are included in the discussions that have led to this Technical Specification. NOTE EN 16575 defines the term “bio-based” as derived from biomass and clarifies that “bio-based” does not imply “biodegradable”. In
32、addition, “biodegradable” does not necessarily imply the use of “bio-based” material. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
33、undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TS 16640, Bio-based products - Determination of the bio based carbon content of products using the radiocarbon method EN 16575:2014, Bio-based products - Vocabulary prEN 16751:2014, Bio-based pr
34、oducts - Sustainability criteria prEN 16760:2014, Bio-based products - Life Cycle Assessment EN ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of density - Oscillating U-tube method (ISO 12185) EN ISO 14040, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framewo
35、rk (ISO 14040) EN ISO 14044, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines (ISO 14044) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16575:2014 apply. 4 General purpose of solvents Solvents are liquids which have the
36、 ability to dissolve, suspend or extract other materials. They make it possible to process, apply, clean or separate materials. Solvents have significantly changed modern living and are an invaluable solution for industries as diverse as pharmaceuticals and microelectronics to domestic cleaning and
37、printing. In fact, without solvents, many of the products we use and rely on, from penicillin to industrial paint, would not perform to the standards we demand today. PD CEN/TS 16766:2015CEN/TS 16766:2015 (E) 7 Organic solvents are any organic compound which is typically used, alone or in combinatio
38、n with other agents, and without undergoing a chemical change, to dissolve raw materials, products or waste materials. Examples of applications for solvents are (as presented in the Solvents Emissions Directive 4): cleaning agent, dissolver, dispersion medium, viscosity adjuster, surface tension adj
39、uster, plasticiser, or preservative. NOTE For more examples of applications, see the website of the European Solvents Industry Group, www.esig.org. 5 Performance 5.1 Generalities around performance This section gives a common set of technical properties characterizing the performance of solvents inc
40、luding bio-based solvents. In absence of international solvent specification standards, it is necessary to provide to potential users the means to qualify the bio-based solvent products, especially for its technical performance. There are a number of other factors which will determine the acceptance
41、 of a solvent product such as the Health, Safety and Environmental properties which are treated in another section of this document. Solvents are used in a wide variety of applications and it is not convenient to evaluate their performance with respect to each application. Therefore, a practical app
42、roach is to define a set of measurable solvent properties which enable technical specialists to select appropriate solvents and guide their evaluation. A set of seven properties has been selected which describe essential properties associated with a solvent. 5.2 Technical performance properties 5.2.
43、1 Chemical composition While chemical composition is not a property in itself, it provides essential information regarding the suitability of a solvent in process and applications. Quantitative chemical composition of the product should be provided. To identify substances or mixtures as relevant, us
44、e of the nomenclature as in EU CLP 5 shall be used. 5.2.2 Solvency power Very different ways have been defined to measure solvency power, generally experimental measurements such as solubility in water, solubility in oil, Aniline point, Kauri Butanol index, polarity, etc. However, such methods are n
45、ot able to describe the full extent of the solubility properties of products exhibiting a wide variety of polarities. A well-known quantitative assessment of solvency power has been developed through the means of the Hansen Solubility parameters 6, which provide a suitable description of solvency pr
46、operties. Annex A gives a detailed description on how to determine these solubility parameters. PD CEN/TS 16766:2015CEN/TS 16766:2015 (E) 8 Other scales may be used to characterize solvency power as for example the Kamlet-Taft parameters, as long as they are correlated to Hansen Solubility. Values o
47、f the three Hansen solubility parameters shall be given and should be reported to one decimal place and in units of MPa1/2. The source of solubility parameter values shall be reported and whether they are estimated or experimentally determined. 5.2.3 Distillation characteristics Numerous methods are
48、 available, based upon actual distillation measurements or on correlations, especially from gas chromatography. NOTE Some formulations of solvents might not be suitable for actual distillation measurement, for example some emulsions. A selection of recommended test methods is listed below: EN ISO 34
49、05 22, which determines distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure used for petroleum products of distillation points above 0 C and end points below approximately 400 C and is equivalent to ASTM D86 7, 8. ISO 918 25, which determines distillation characteristics of organic liquids used for non petroleum products of boiling points in the range of approximately 30 C to 300 C in atmospheric conditions and which are stable under these conditions. ASTM D1078 29, which is a test for the distilla
