1、 Reference numberISO 8995-1:2002(E)CIE S 008/E:2001ISO 2002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO8995-1CIE S 008/EFirst edition2002-05-15Lighting of work places Part 1: Indoor clairage interiur pour des lieux de travail Partie 1: Interiur ISO 8995-1:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded type
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4、mized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ii ISO 2002 All rights reserved ISO 2002 All rights reserved
5、. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.
6、 ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ISO 8995-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iiiForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federati
7、on of national standards bodies (ISOmember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technicalcommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee. I
8、nternational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standard ISO 8995-1 was prepared as Standar
9、d CIE S 008/E by the International Commission on Illumination, which has been recognized by the ISO Council as an international standardizing body. It was adopted by ISO under a special procedure which requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote, and is published as a join
10、t ISO/CIE edition. The International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated as CIE from its French title) is an organization devoted to international cooperation and exchange of information among its member countries on all matters relating to the science and art of lighting. Attention is drawn to
11、the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject ofpatent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard ISO 8995 was prepared jointly by CIE TC 3-21 and ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, SubcommitteeSC
12、5, Ergonomics of the physical environment.This first edition cancels and replaces (ISO 8995:1989), of which it constitutes a technical revision.ISO 8995-1:2002(E)iv ISO 2002 All rights reserved(Blankpage) ISO 2002 - All rights reserved v StandardLighting of Indoor Work Places Eclairage intrieur pour
13、 des lieux de travail Beleuchtung von Arbeitspltzen in Innenrumen CIE Standards are copyrighted and shall not be reproduced in any form, entirely or partly, without the explicit agreement of the CIE. CIE Central Bureau, Vienna S 008/E Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, Austria UDC: 628.972 Descriptor: In
14、terior lighting ISO 8995-1:2002(E) CIE S 008/E-2001 CIE S 008/E-2001II CIE, 2001 - All rights reserved CIE 2001All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproducedor utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying andmi
15、crofilm, without permission in writing from CIE Central Bureau at the address below.CIE Central BureauKegelgasse 27A-1030 ViennaAustriaTel.: +43 1 714 3187 0Fax: +43 1 713 3187 18e-mail: ciecbcie.co.atWeb: www.cie.co.at/cieISO 8995-1:2002(E) vi ISO 2002 All rights reserved CIE S 008/E-2001 CIE, 2001
16、 - All rights reserved IIIForewordStandards produced by the Commission Internationale de lclairage (CIE) are a concisedocumentation of data defining aspects of light and lighting, for which international harmonyrequires such unique definition. CIE Standards are therefore a primary source ofinternati
17、onally accepted and agreed data, which can be taken, essentially unaltered, intouniversal standard systems.This International Standard was prepared jointly by CIE-TC 3-21 and ISO/TC 159/SC 5.It replaces publication CIE 29.2-1986 and deals with Lighting Requirements for Indoor WorkPlaces.Table of con
18、tentsFOREWORD . IIIINTRODUCTION 11. SCOPE. 12. NORMATIVE REFERENCES 13. DEFINITIONS . 24. LIGHTING DESIGN CRITERIA . 24.1 Luminous environment. 24.2 Luminance distribution. 34.3 Illuminance. 34.3.1 Recommended illuminances at the task area . 34.3.2 Scale of illuminance. 44.3.3 Illuminances of immedi
19、ate surroundings 44.3.4 Uniformity 44.4 Glare 54.4.1 Shielding against glare. 54.4.2 Discomfort glare. 54.4.3 Veiling reflections and reflected glare. 64.5 Directionality 64.5.1 Modelling . 64.5.2 Directional lighting of visual tasks. 64.6 Colour aspects. 64.6.1 Colour appearance. 74.6.2 Colour rend
20、ering 74.7 Daylight 74.8 Maintenance 84.9 Energy considerations 84.10 Lighting of workstations with visual display terminals VDT . 84.11 Flicker and stroboscopic effect. 84.12 Emergency lighting. 95. SCHEDULE OF LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS 96. VERIFICATION PROCEDURES . 176.1 Illuminance. 176.2 Unified gla
21、re rating. 176.3 Colour rendering index (Ra) 176.4 Colour appearance (Tcp). 176.5 Maintenance 176.6 Luminaire luminance 176.7 Tolerances in measurements. 18 CIE, 2001ISO 8995-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved viiCIE S 008/E-2001IV CIE, 2001 - All rights reservedISO 8995-1:2002(E) viii ISO 2002
22、All rights reserved (Blankpage) CIE S 008/E-2001 CIE, 2001 - All rights reserved 1LIGHTING OF INDOOR WORK PLACESIntroductionGood lighting will create a visual environment that enables people to see, to move aboutsafely and to perform visual tasks efficiently, accurately and safely without causing un
23、duevisual fatigue and discomfort. The illumination may be daylight, electric light or combination ofboth.Good lighting requires equal attention to the quantity and quality of the lighting. Whilethe provision of sufficient illuminance on the task is necessary, in many instances the visibilitydepends
24、on the way in which the light is delivered, the colour characteristics of the lightsource and surfaces together with the level of glare from the system. In this standardopportunity was taken to specify for various work places and task types not just theilluminance but also the limiting discomfort gl
25、are and minimum colour rendering index of thesource. Parameters to create comfortable visual conditions are proposed in the body of thisstandard. The recommended values are considered to represent a reasonable balance,having regard to the requirements for safe, healthy and efficient work performance
26、. Thevalues can be achieved with practical energy efficient solutions.There are also visual ergonomic parameters such as perceptual ability and thecharacteristics and attributes of the task, which determine the quality of the operators visualskills, and hence performance levels. In some cases enhanc
27、ement of these influencing factorscan improve performance without the need to raise illuminance. For example by improving thecontrast of the task attributes, enlarging the task by the use of up to date visual aids (glasses)and by the provision of special lighting systems with local directional light
28、ing capability.1. ScopeThis standard specifies lighting requirements for indoor work places and for people to performthe visual tasks efficiently, in comfort and safety throughout the whole work period.This standard does not explain how lighting systems or techniques should bedesigned to optimise so
29、lutions for specific work places. These may be found in the relevantCIE guides and reports.2. Normative referencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constituteprovisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated
30、werevalid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standardare encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying most recent editions of the standardsindicated below. Members of CIE, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and theInternational O
31、rganization for Standardization (ISO) maintain registers of currently validinternational standards.ISO 3864 Safety colours and safety signsISO 6309 Fire protection - safety signsISO 6385 Ergonomic principles in the design of work systemsISO 9241 Parts 6/7/8 Ergonomic requirements for office work wit
32、h visual displayterminalsCIE 13.3 - 1995 Method of measuring and specifying colour rendering of lightsourcesCIE 16 - 1970 DaylightCIE 17.4 - 1987 International lighting vocabulary 4th ed. equivalent to IEC50(845)CIE 19.2 - 1981 An analytic model for describing the influence of lightingparameters upo
33、n visual performanceCIE 40 - 1978 Calculations for interior lighting - basic methodCIE 58 - 1983 Lighting for sports hallsISO 8995-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1 CIE S 008/E-20012 CIE, 2001 - All rights reservedCIE 60 - 1984 Vision and the visual display unit work stationCIE 62 - 1984 Ligh
34、ting for swimming poolsCIE 96 - 1992 Electric light sources. State of the art - 1991CIE 97 - 1992 Maintenance of indoor electric lighting systemsCIE 103/5 - 1993 The economics of interior lighting maintenanceCIE 117 - 1995 Discomfort glare in interior lightingCIE 129 - 1998 Guide for lighting of ext
35、erior work areas3. DefinitionsIn general the terms used in this standard are defined in the CIE Lighting Vocabulary(CIE 17.4 1987), but there are few more terms that are defined below:3.1 visual task: The visual elements of the task to be carried out.3.2 task area: The partial area in the work place
36、 in which the visual task is located andcarried out.3.3 immediate surrounding: A zone of at least 0,5 m width surrounding the task areawithin the field of vision.3.4 maintained illuminance (mE ): Value below which the average illuminance on thespecified surface should not fall.3.5 unified glare rati
37、ng (UGR): The CIE discomfort glare measure.3.6 limiting unified glare rating (UGRL): The maximum allowable design UGR value forthe lighting installation.3.7 Shielding angle: the angle measured from the horizontal, down to which the lamp(s)is screened by the luminaire from direct view by an observer.
38、3.8 Working plane: the reference surface defined as the plane at which work is usuallydone.4. Lighting design criteria4.1 Luminous environmentGood lighting practice for work places is more than just providing good task visibility. It isessential that tasks are performed easily and in comfort. Thus t
39、he lighting must satisfy thequantitative and qualitative aspects demanded by the environment. In general lighting is toensure:- visual comfort, where the workers have a feeling of well-being,- visual performance, where the workers are able to perform their visual tasks,speedily and accurately even u
40、nder difficult circumstances and during longperiods,- visual safety, to see ones way around and detect hazards.To satisfy these, attention to all parameters contributing to the luminous environmentis required.The main parameters are:- luminance distribution,- illuminance,-glare,- directionality of l
41、ight,- colour aspect of the light and surfaces,- flicker,- daylight,- maintenance.ISO 8995-1:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved CIE S 008/E-2001 CIE, 2001 - All rights reserved 3Design values for the quantifiable parameters of illuminance, discomfort glare andcolour rendering are given in clause
42、 5 for the various activities.Note: In addition to the lighting there are other visual ergonomic parameters whichinfluence operators visual performance, such as:a) the intrinsic task properties (size, shape, position, colour and reflectance ofdetail and background)b) ophthalmic capacity of the opera
43、tor (visual acuity, depth perception, colourperception).Attention to these factors can enhance visual performance without the need forhigher illuminance.4.2 Luminance distributionThe luminance distribution in the field of view controls the adaptation level of the eyes, whichaffects task visibility.A
44、 well balanced adaptation luminance is needed to increase:- visual acuity (sharpness of vision),- contrast sensitivity (discrimination of relatively small luminance differences),- efficiency of the ocular functions (such as accommodation, convergence, pupillarycontraction, eye movements, etc.).Diver
45、se luminance distribution in the field of view also affects visual comfort andshould be avoided:- too high luminances can give rise to glare.- too high luminance contrasts will cause visual fatigue due to continuousreadaptation of the eyes.- too low luminances and too low luminance contrasts result
46、in a dull and non-stimulating working environment.- attention should be given to adaptation in moving from zone to zone within abuilding.The luminances of all surfaces are important and will be determined by the reflectanceof and the illuminance on the surfaces. The range of useful reflectances for
47、the major interiorsurfaces are:- ceiling: 0,6 - 0,9- walls: 0,3 - 0,8- working planes: 0,2 - 0,6- floor: 0,1 - 0,54.3 IlluminanceThe illuminance and its distribution on the task areas and the surrounding area have a majorimpact on how quickly, safely and comfortably a person perceives and carries ou
48、t the visualtask. For spaces where the specific area is unknown the area where the task may occur istaken as the task area.All values of illuminances specified in this standard are maintained illuminances andwill provide for visual safety at work and visual performance needs.4.3.1 Recommended illumi
49、nances at the task areaThe values given in clause 5 are the maintained illuminances over the task area on thereference surface which may be horizontal, vertical or inclined. The average illuminance foreach task shall not fall below the values given in clause 5 regardless of the age and conditionof the installation. The values are valid for normal visual conditions and take into account thefollowing factors:- requirements for visual tasks,ISO
