1、 TR CISPR 18-1Edition 2.0 2010-06TECHNICAL REPORT Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment Part 1: Description of phenomena TRCISPR 18-1:2010(E)INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2010 IE
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9、8-1Edition 2.0 2010-06TECHNICAL REPORT Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment Part 1: Description of phenomena INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XBICS 33.100.01 PRICE CODEISBN 978-2-88912-016-1INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENC
10、E Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission 2 TR CISPR 18-1 IEC:2010(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.5 INTRODUCTION.7 1 Scope.8 2 Normative references .8 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 Radio noise from power lines9 4.1 General .9 4.2 Physical aspects of radio noise .9 4.2.1 Mechanism
11、of formation of a noise field.9 4.2.2 Definition of noise12 4.2.3 Influence of external parameters .12 4.3 Main characteristics of the noise field resulting from conductor corona13 4.3.1 General .13 4.3.2 Frequency spectrum 13 4.3.3 Lateral profile 14 4.3.4 Statistical distribution with varying seas
12、ons and weather conditions 16 5 Effects of corona from conductors 17 5.1 Physical aspects of corona from conductors 17 5.1.1 General .17 5.1.2 Factors in corona generation .17 5.2 Methods of investigation of corona by cages and test lines19 5.2.1 General .19 5.2.2 Test cages.19 5.2.3 Test lines.20 5
13、.3 Methods of predetermination .20 5.3.1 General .20 5.3.2 Analytical methods 20 5.3.3 CIGR method 21 5.4 Catalogue of standard profiles.21 5.4.1 General .21 5.4.2 Principle of catalogue presentation21 6 Radio noise levels due to insulators, hardware and substation equipment (excluding bad contacts)
14、.23 6.1 Physical aspects of radio noise sources 23 6.1.1 General .23 6.1.2 Radio noise due to corona discharges at hardware23 6.1.3 Radio noise due to insulators 23 6.2 Correlation between radio noise voltage and the corresponding field strength for distributed and individual sources 25 6.2.1 Genera
15、l .25 6.2.2 Semi-empirical approach and formula25 6.2.3 Analytical methods 27 6.2.4 Example of application 28 6.3 Influence of ambient conditions .28 7 Sparking due to bad contacts .28 7.1 Physical aspects of the radio noise phenomenon 28 TR CISPR 18-1 IEC:2010(E) 3 7.2 Example of gap sources 29 8 S
16、pecial d.c. effects .30 8.1 General .30 8.2 Effects of corona from conductors .30 8.3 Radio noise due to insulators, hardware and substation equipment .34 8.4 Valve firing effects.34 9 Figures.36 Annex A (informative) Calculation of the voltage gradient at the surface of a conductor of an overhead l
17、ine .46 Annex B (informative) Catalogue of profiles of radio noise field due to conductor corona for certain types of power line .50 Annex C (informative) Summary of the catalogue of radio noise profiles according to the recommendations of the CISPR 66 Bibliography68 Figure 1 Typical lateral attenua
18、tion curves for high voltage lines, normalized to a lateral distance of y0= 15 m, distance in linear scale36 Figure 2 Typical lateral attenuation curves for high voltage lines, normalized to a direct distance of D0= 20 m, distance in logarithmic scale37 Figure 3 Examples of statistical yearly distri
19、butions of radio-noise levels recorded continuously under various overhead lines38 Figure 4 Examples of statistical yearly distributions of radio-noise levels recorded continuously under various overhead lines39 Figure 5 Example of statistical yearly distributions of radio-noise levels recorded cont
20、inuously under various overhead lines40 Figure 6 Examples of statistical yearly distributions of radio-noise levels recorded continuously under various overhead lines41 Figure 7 Equipotential lines for clean and dry insulation units 42 Figure 8 Determination of the magnetic field strength from a per
21、pendicular to a section of a line, at a distance x from the point of injection of noise current I 43 Figure 9 Longitudinal noise attenuation versus distance from noise source (from test results of various experiments frequencies around 0,5 MHz).43 Figure 10 Lateral profile of the radio noise field s
22、trength produced by distributed discrete sources on a 420 kV line of infinite length44 Figure 11 Example of relative strength of radio noise field as a function of frequency 45 Figure 12 Example of relative strength of radio noise field as a function of the distance from the line45 Figure B.1 Triang
23、ular formation (1) 51 Figure B.2 Triangular formation (2) 52 Figure B.3 Flat formation .53 Figure B.4 Arched formation 54 Figure B.5 Flat wide formation .55 Figure B.6 Vertical formation (480 (Rail) X 4B) 56 Figure B.7 Flat formation .57 Figure B.8 Flat formation .58 Figure B.9 Arched formation 59 F
24、igure B.10 Flat formation .60 Figure B.11 Arched formation 61 4 TR CISPR 18-1 IEC:2010(E) Figure B.12 Flat formation .62 Figure B.13 Vertical formation (480 (Cardinal) X 6B)63 Figure B.14 Typical frequency spectra for the radio noise fields of high voltage power lines .64 Figure B.15 Prediction of r
25、adio noise level of a transmission line for various types of weather 65 Figure C.1 Examples of transformations of the profiles of Figures B.1 to B.13 using the direct distance of 20 m as reference .67 Table B.1 List of profiles 50 TR CISPR 18-1 IEC:2010(E) 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
26、 INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE _ RADIO INTERFERENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF OVERHEAD POWER LINES AND HIGH-VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT Part 1: Description of phenomena FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising a
27、ll national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, T
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35、ersonal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative
36、references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible
37、 for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an
38、 International Standard, for example “state of the art“. CISPR 18-1, which is a technical report, has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee B: Interference relating to industrial, scientific and medical radio-frequency apparatus, to other (heavy) industrial equipment, to overhead power lines, to high
39、voltage equipment and to electric traction. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1982. It is a technical revision. 6 TR CISPR 18-1 IEC:2010(E) This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: while the first ed
40、ition of CISPR 18-1 only covered the direct distance D0for the establishment of standard profiles for the lateral radio noise field emanating from HV overhead power lines, this second edition now also allows for use of the lateral distance y0for these purposes. This way it allows for the establishme
41、nt of standard profiles for the lateral radio noise field also from modern HV overhead power line constructions with tall suspension towers. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: DTR Report on voting CISPR/B/493/DTR CISPR/B/501/RVC Full information on the voting for
42、the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This technical report has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of the CISPR 18 series can be found, under the general title Radio interference chara
43、cteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment, on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publicatio
44、n. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. TR CISPR 18-1 IEC:2010(E) 7 INTRODUCTION This technical report forms the first of a three-part publication dealing with r
45、adio noise generated by electrical power transmission and distribution facilities (overhead lines and substations). It contains information in relation of the physical phenomena involved in the generation of electromagnetic noise fields. It also includes the main properties of such fields and their
46、numerical values. Its content was adjusted such as to allow for use of the lateral distance y for the establishment of standard profiles for the lateral radio noise field emanating from HV overhead power lines. The technical data given in this part 1 of the CISPR 18 series are intended to be a usefu
47、l aid to overhead line designers and also to anyone concerned with checking the radio noise performance of a line to ensure satisfactory protection of wanted radio signals. The data should facilitate the use of the recommendations given in its parts 2 and 3 dealing with methods of measurement and pr
48、ocedures for determining limits, and a code of practice for minimizing the generation of radio noise. The CISPR 18 series do not deal with biological effects on living matter or any issues related to exposure in electromagnetic fields. This technical report has been prepared in order to provide info
49、rmation on the many factors involved in protecting the reception of radio and television broadcasting from interference due to high voltage overhead power lines and associated equipment. The information given should be of assistance when means of avoiding or abating radio noise are being considered. Information is mainly given on the generation and characteristics of radio noise from a.c. power lines and equipment operating at 1 kV and above, in
