1、d /-d/ 3515789 00434hh 591 W I ENGINEER MANUAL EM 11 10- 2- 4300 15 SEPTEMBER 1980 .c - -6 ENGINEERING AND DESIQN INSTRUMENTATION FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES J pq) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS n 1493 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking
2、 permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3535789 0043467 428 DAEN-CWE-DC DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 1110-2-4300 Office of the Chief of Engineers Washington, D. C. 20314 Engineer Manual No. 1110-2-4300 15 September 1980 Engineering and Design INSTRUMENTATION FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES 1. information relat
3、ed to the instrumentation of concrete structures and the measurement of structural behavior. Purpose. The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance and 2. Applicability. This manual applies to all field operating activities having responsibility for the design of Civil Works projects. 3. General
4、. The discussion of the principles, applications, and equipment in this manual is intended to assist in designing, installing, operating and utilizing data from instrumentation systems installed on large concrete structures to monitor structural behavior and to serve field operations or those operat
5、ing as contracting officers represent- atives. FOR THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS: FORREST T. GAY, 115 Colonel, Corps of Engineers Executive Director, Engineer Staff 1494 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3515789 00434b8 364 = EM 1110-2-4300 15
6、 Sep 1980 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC 20314 Office of the Chief of Engineers Engineering and Design INSTRUMENTATION FOR CONWTE STRUCTURES TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph Page CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1-1 1- 2 1- 3 1-4 1- 5 1- 6 1- 7 1-8 1-9 SECTION 1 2-1 2-2 2-3 2 -4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2
7、-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 1495 Purpose and Scope Applicability References Program Planning and Execution Contract Work Types of Instruments Instrument Uses Collection of Complementary Data Comen t s CHAPTER 2 - TRANSDUCERS Carlson Type Transducers Description of the Instruments Strain M
8、eter Miniature Strain Meter Joint Meter Stress Meter for Concrete Pore Pressure Cell The Reinforced Concrete Meter Resistance Thermometer Source Instrument Preparation Waterproofing Treatment Cable Leads Calibration Corrections Correction Factors Resistance Thermometer Calibration Final Calibration
9、Adjustments Instrument Installation Embedment Techniques i 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-5 1-9 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-4 2-5 2-7 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-11 2-15 2-15 2-16 2-18 2-19 2-19 2-20 2-21 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-= 3535789 00434b9 2T
10、O - EM 1110-2-4300 15 Sep 80 Paragraph SECTION II Terminal Facilities and Reading Instruments 2-19 Design of Terminal Recesses 2-20 Terminal Equipment 2-21 Installing Cable Leads 2-22 Installing Terminal Equipment 2-23 Reading Equipment SECTION III Data Collection and Reduction 2-24 Collection of Da
11、ta 2-25 Reading Schedules 2-26 Field Reduction of Data SECTION IV Other Stress-Strain Type Transducers 2-27 Gen er a 1 2-28 Strain Measuring Instruments 2-29 Linear Variable Differential Transformers 2-30 Resistance Strain Gage 2-31 Stress Measuring Instruments Plates 2-1 through 2-10 CHAPTER 3 - UP
12、LIFT AND LEAKAGE SECTION I Uplift 3-1 Purpose 3-2 Description 3-3 Installation 3-4 Collection of Data 3-5 Reading Schedules SECTION II Leakage 3-6 General 3- 7 Vee-Notch Weir 3-8 Critical Depth Meter SECTION III Supplemental Instruments 3-9 General 3-10 Water Level Indicator 3-11 Vibrating Wire Piez
13、ometer 3-12 3-13 WES Pressure Measuring Telemetry System 3-14 3-15 WES Hydrostatic Pressure Cell Strain Gaged Diaphragm Pressure Gage Hydraulic Pore Water Pressure Cell Plates 3-1 through 3-4 ii Page 2-22 2-22 2-23 2-27 2-31 2-33 2-35 2-35 2-36 2-39 2-41 2-41 2-41 2-48 2-50 2-50 2-54 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-2
14、 3-5 3-7 3-8 3-8 3-8 3-10 3-11 3-11 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-13 3-15 3-17 3-19 1496 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3515789 0043470 TL2 EM 1110-2-4300 Change 1 30 Nov 87 1 L J Paragraph Page CHAPTER 4 - PLUMBING INSTRUMENTS AND TILT MEASURING
15、 DEVICES 4-1 4-2 4- 3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 * 4-9 4- 10 4-11 4-12 Plates General Description Installation Procedures Maintenance and Care of Equipment Collection of Data Processing of Data Inverted Plumb Line Optical Plummet Tilt Measuring Instruments Instruments that Measure Tilt Through a Structure
16、Instruments that Measure Surface Tilt Terzaghi Water Level Meter 4-1 through 4-5 (Sheet 3 of 3) CHAPTER 5 - CRACK AND JOINT MEASURING DEVICES 5-1 Purpose 5-2 Description of the Instruments 5-3 Instrument Details and Characteristics 5 -4 Instrument Installation 5-5 Collection of Data 5-6 Reading Sche
17、dules Plates 5-1 through 5-8 SECTION I 6-1 6-2 SECTION II 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6 6-7 6-8 6-9 6-10 6-11 6-12 6-13 CHAPTER 6 PRECISE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS Types of Measurement Purpose Types of Measurement Precise Alignment Instruments Laser Alignment Instruments Instrument Installation Data Collection Data Red
18、uction Theodolite Alignment Instruments Instrument Installation Data Collection Data Reduction Precise Leveling Data Collection Data Reduction 4-1 4-1 4-4 4-10 4-11 4-14 4-14 4-17 4-19 4- 19 4-31 * 4-41 4-44 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-9 5-13 5-14 5-15 6-1 6-1 6-1 6 -4 6 -4 6-5 6-7 6-7 6-8 6-11 6-15 6-16 6-17 6-1
19、8 6-18 iii 1497 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-= 3535789 OOLI3473 959 EM 1110-2-4300 Change 1 30 Nov 87 Paragraph Page System Implementation 9-32 * SECTION IX 9 -41 9-42 9-43 9 -44 9-45 9-46 9 -47 9 -48 SECTION X 9-49 9-50 9-51 9-52
20、9-53 9-54 9-55 9-56 SECTION XI 9-57 9-58 9-59 9-60 9-61 APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C * APPENDIX D .# Detailed Design Procurement and Receiving Inspection Acceptance Tests Metrology Controls System Fabrication System Integration System Installation Documentation Maintenance Maintenance Philosophy
21、 Preventive Maintenance Calibration Documentation Maintenance Software (diagnostic) Spare Parts Test Equipment Training Retrofitting Definition Need Degrees of Retrofit Retrofitting Analysis Necessary Components SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY SPLICING TECHNIQUE EMBEDMENT TECHNIQUES FOR CARLSON TYPE TRANSDUCE
22、R INSTRUMENTS SAMPLE FORM OF SYSTEMS REQUIREMENT DOCUMENT 9-32 9-32 9-33 9-34 9-34 9-35 9-35 9-37 9-37 9-37 9-38 9-39 9-40 9-41 9-42 9-42 9-43 9-44 9-44 9 -44 9 -45 9-46 9-46 * A- 1 B-1 c-1 D-1 * 2 8 vi Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,
23、-m 35115789 0043472 895 m EM 1110-2-4300 Change 1 30 Nov 87 z * Paragraph Page 9-7 SECTION III 9-6 9-7 9-8 9-9 9-10 9-11 9-12 9-13 9-14 9-15 9-16 9-17 SECTION IV 9-18 9-19 9-20 SECTION V 9-21 9-22 9-23 9-24 9-25 9-26 9-27 9-28 SECTION VI 9-29 9-30 9-31 9-32 9-33 System Design System Considerations A
24、utomated Measurement Techniques Component Compatibility Instrument/System Characteristics Interfacing Techniques Power Sources Grounding Techniques and Lightning Protection Maintainability Operability System Calibration System Flexibility Economic Factors Sensor Selection Criteria Sensor Selection C
25、riteria Economic Factors Sensor Hazards Signal Conditioning Introduction Bridge Circuits Amplification Instrumentation Amplifier Isolation Amplifiers Fil ter ing Signal Conversion Electrical Interferences Data Transmission Types of Data Transmission Multiplexing Network Configurations Transmission T
26、echniques Transfer Rate(reso1ution and accuracy) SECTION VI1 Data Processing, Display, and Recording 9-34 Complexity 9-35 Data Processing 9-36 Di sp 1 ay 9-37 Recording/Storage SECTION VI11 System Design Document and Design Review 9-38 System Development 9-39 Guidelines for Preparation of a System D
27、esign Document 9-40 Guidelines for Conducting a Design Review 9-7 9-7 9-8 9-8 9-9 9-9 9-10 9-10 9-11 9-11 9-12 9-12 9-13 9-13 9-13 9-13 9-15 9-15 9-16 9-17 9-17 9-18 9-19 9-20 9-22 9-24 9-24 9-24 9-25 9-27 9-27 9-28 9-28 9-28 9-29 9-29 9-30 9-30 9-30 9-31 * V 1499 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo rep
28、roduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-= 3535787 001473 723 m EM 1110-2-4300 Change 1 30 Nov 87 Paragraph Page SECTION III Precise Distance Measuring Instruments 6-19 6-14 6-15 6-16 6-17 SECTION IV 6-18 6-19 6-20 6-21 6-22 6-23 6-24 6-25 Plates 6-1 7-1 7-2 7-3 7 -4 7-5 8-1 8-
29、2 8-3 8 -4 8-5 8-6 Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) Instruments 6-19 Instrument Installation Data Collection Data Reduction Triangulation and Trilateration Triangulation Instrument Installation Data Collection Data Reduction Trilateration Description of the Instrument Data Collection Data Reduc
30、tion through 6-3 CHAPTER 7 - TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT General Temperature Measuring Devices Installation Collection of Data Processing of Data CHAPTER 8 - SEISMIC INSTRUMENTATION Introduction Description Design Considerations Hydrodynamic Pressure Yeasurement Considerations Installation and Maintenan
31、ce Processing of Data * CHAPTER 9 - INSTRUMENTATION AUTOMATION TECHNIQUES SECTION I Introduction 9-1 Introduction 9-2 Scope SECTION II System Requirements 9-3 Defining the Objectives 9-4 Functional Requirements 9-5 Environmental Requirement 6-20 6-20 6-21 6-22 6-22 6-23 6-23 6-24 6-24 6-26 6-27 6-28
32、 6-29 7-1 7-1 7-2 7-2 7-3 8-1 8-1 8-2 8- 2 8 -3 8-3 9-1 9-1 9-1 9-2 9-2 9-2 9-6 * iv 1500 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-m 3515789 0043474 668 m EM 1110-2-4300 15 Sep 80 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1. Purpose and Scope. This manual is i
33、ssued as a guide for use-by individuals and organizations in the Corps of Engineers engaged in the planning of instrumentation programs and in the preparation, installa- tion, and collection of data from instruments and devices for measure- ment of structural behavior installed on or embedded within
34、 concrete gravity prototype structures for civil works projects. The manual de- scribes new techniques which have evolved from recent technological ad- vances in electronic instrumentation as well as methods which have been developed over a long period of time for the preparation, fabrication, prote
35、ction, and installation of instruments and the collection of data therefrom. Efforts to improve the techniques will be continued, based on field experience and laboratory investigations, and the manual up- dated when appropriate. Instruments described include those installed for the measurement of s
36、train, stress, joint movement, pore pressure, interior concrete temperature, uplift pressure, leakage, structural de- flection, head loss, and distance measurement. 1-2. Applicability. The provisions of this manual are applicable to all field operating activities having Civil Works design responsibi
37、lities. 1-3. References . a. Other Engineer Manuals. Portions of the following manuals relate to aspects of structural design and behavior to which the instru- ments and devices described herein relate. EM 1110-2-1802 EM 1110-2-1908, parts 1 and 2 EM 1110-2-2000 EM 1110-2-2200 EM 1110-2-2300 EM 1110
38、-2-2501 ER 1110-2-100 ER 1110-2-103 ER 1110-2-1802 ER 1110-2-1150 Subsurface Investigations - Geophysical Explorations Instrumentation of Earth and Rock-Fi11 Dams Standard Practice for Concrete Gravity Dam Design Earth and Rock-Fill Dams General Design and Construction Considerations Wall Design (Fl
39、oodwalls) Periodic Inspection and Continuing Evalua- tion of Completed Civil Works Structures Strong Motion Instruments for Recording Earthquake Motions on Dams Reporting Earthquake Effects Post Authorization Studies 1-1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
40、cense from IHS-,-,-= 3515789 0043475 5T4 H EM 1110-2-4300 15 Sep 80 b. Other Technical Publications. Appendix A consists of a se- lected bibliography of literature pertaining to instruments for and measurement of structural behavior of prototype concrete gravity struc- tures. 1-4. Program Planning a
41、nd Execution. a. Responsibility. Structural behavior instrumentation programs may be proposed by a field agency when necessary to measure the struc- tural integrity of a concrete structure or when an opportunity exists to obtain data which will add to basic knowledge, check design assumptions or aid
42、 in the solution of incompletely solved problems. When a program is considered desirable, a recommendation should be forwarded to the Chief of Engineers through channels indicating the scope and objective of the proposed program, estimated cost, and justification. The Chief of Engineers may also dir
43、ect that such a program be initiated by a field agency when a need exists. Planning structural behavior investigation programs for concrete structures, development of guides for the installa- tion and observation of instruments, and assembling, processing, and dissemination of collected data are res
44、ponsibilities of the Engineering Divisions in the U.S. Army Engineer Districts. Installation of the in- struments and collection of data during construction in accordance with prescribed procedures are the responsibilities of the Construction Divi- sions in the Districts. Collection of data from the
45、 instruments after construction is the responsibility of the Operations Divisions. Coordi- nation, review, approval, and termination of such programs are functions of the Chief of Engineers. b. Guide to Critical Readings. Threshold limits will be estab- lished for each safety-related instrument in t
46、he structural behavior program. These critical values (usually maxima) should directly reflect design criteria, be derived from design data, or represent engineering judgment and experience. Quantitative limit values will be developed prior to completion of construction, and may be subsequently modi
47、fied as the performance history of the structure is established. c. Disposition of Results. Preparation of graphical history plots, schematic diagrams, or tabulations based on the processed data is required for all approved Structural Behavior Instrumentation installa- tions. Results shall be availa
48、ble for examination during the scheduled periodic inspections, and where appropriate, summaries included as a part of the formal periodic inspection reports. 1-2 1502 a c a - L a Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3535789 0043476 Y30 = E
49、M 1110-2-4300 15 Sep 80 1-5. Contract Work. a. General. The general policy of the Chief of Engineers is to perform all civil works by contract unless it is in the best interest of the United States to accomplish the work by Government forces. However, the specialized nature of instrumentation facilities and the care re- quired in the preparation, calibration, and placeme
