1、C22.2 No. 72-10Heater elementsLegal Notice for StandardsCanadian Standards Association (CSA) standards are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the Standards Council of Canada. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to
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17、uch copies, you are required to destroy them immediately. Use of this document constitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.CSA Standards Update ServiceC22.2 No. 72-10February 2010Title: Heater elementsPagination: 20 pages (vii preliminary and 13 text), each dated Feb
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20、, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044Visit our Online Store at www.ShopCSA.caC22.2 No. 72-10Heater elementsCSA Standard100%ISBN 978-1-55491-388-6Technical Editor:Leonard Letea Canadian Standards Association 2010All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
21、form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.To purchase CSA Standards and related publications, visit CSAs Online Store at www.ShopCSA.ca or call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) prints its publications on Rolland Enviro100, which co
22、ntains 100%recycled post-consumer fibre, is EcoLogo and Processed Chlorine Free certified, and was manufactured using biogas energy.February 2010 iiiContents Canadian Standards Association Heater elementsTechnical Committee on Consumer and Commercial Products vSubcommittee on Heater Elements viPrefa
23、ce vii1Scope 12 Reference publications 13 Definitions 24 General requirements 25 Construction 25.1 Open-wire heater elements 25.1.1 General 25.1.2 Insulation 35.1.3 Spacings 35.2 Metal-sheathed heater elements 35.2.1 General 35.2.2 Sheath 35.2.3 Insulation 45.2.4 Terminal parts and leads 45.3 Variab
24、le resistance/temperature (VR/T) heater elements 45.3.1 General 45.3.2 Sheath 45.3.3 Insulation 55.3.4 Terminal parts and leads 55.4 Special heater elements 55.4.1 General 55.4.2 Insulation 55.4.3 Terminal parts and leads 56 Tests 56.1 General 56.2 Rating 56.3 Test voltage 66.4 Dielectric strength 6
25、6.5 Flame retardance 66.6 Aging of special heater elements 66.7 Ground contact millivolt drop 66.8 Additional tests for VR/T heater elements 76.8.1 General 76.8.2 Thermal endurance for VR/T heater elements 76.9 Insulating liner investigation 86.9.1 General 86.9.2 Humidity, cold bend, and dielectric
26、strength 86.9.3 Thermal aging 86.10 Moisture absorption resistance 86.11 Leakage current 8C22.2 No. 72-10 Canadian Standards Associationiv February 20107Markings 9Tables1 Minimum spacings for bare live parts 102 Temperature limits for sheath materials 113 Sheath thickness 11Figures1 Form for recordi
27、ng millivolt drop test results 122 Leakage current measurement circuit 13 Canadian Standards Association Heater elementsFebruary 2010 vTechnical Committee on Consumer and Commercial ProductsJ.P. Neu Electro-Federation Canada, Toronto, OntarioRepresenting ManufacturersChairL. Letea Canadian Standards
28、 Association,Mississauga, OntarioProject ManagerRepresenting Regulatory AuthoritiesN. Breton Electrical Safety Authority,Mississauga, OntarioR. Cormier Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Labour,Halifax, Nova ScotiaD. Holmes City of Calgary,Calgary, AlbertaG. Montminy Rgie du btiment du Qubec,
29、Qubec, QubecA.Z. Tsisserev City of Vancouver,Vancouver, British ColumbiaRepresenting ManufacturersJ.E. Evans Black (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and(c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer.Committee interpretations
30、are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are published in CSAs periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA Web site at www.csa.ca. Canadian Standards Association Heater elementsFebruary 2010 1C22.2 No. 72-10Heater elements1Scope1.1Thi
31、s Standard applies to (a)heater elements for use in equipment that is intended to be connected to a supply of nominal system voltage of 600 V or less; and(b) those heater elements that are installed in accordance with the Rules of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I.1.2This Standard applies to the
32、following types of heater elements:(a)open wire (including wire, ribbon, and expanded metal);(b) metal sheathed (including removable-type range surface and grounded plug-in type);(c) variable resistance/temperature (VR/T); and(d) special (e.g., quartz tube, woven mat, parallel circuit mat, rope, car
33、tridge, and strip).1.3This Standard does not apply to the following:(a)heating cables;(b) electric duct heaters; and(c) uninsulated heater elements used in bare element water heaters.1.4In CSA standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy
34、in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard.Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative re
35、quirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory
36、) to define their application. 2 Reference publicationsThis Standard refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the edition listed below, including all amendments published thereto.CSA (Canadian Standards Association)C22.1-09Canadian Electrical Code, Part
37、ICAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 0-M91 (R2006)General Requirements Canadi an Electrical Code, Part IIC22.2 No. 72-10 Canadian Standards Association2 February 2010C22.2 No. 0.3-09Test methods for electrical wires and cablesCAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 0.17-00 (R2009)Evaluation of properties of polymeric materialsCAN3-C235-83
38、 (R2006)Preferred voltage levels for AC systems, 0 to 50 000 V3 DefinitionsThe following definitions shall apply in this Standard:Heater element an assembly consisting of a heating element, electrical insulation, and a means of electrical termination.Note: This definition takes precedence over that
39、specified in CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 0.Heating element an electrical conducting medium that is intended to be heated by an electric current.Sheath an enclosure(a)of metal surrounding and containing a heating element and that is usually encased in magnesium oxide or other suitable insulating material; or(b
40、) of material other than metal surrounding and containing a heating element.Special heater element any type of heater element not meeting the definition of open wire, metal sheathed, or variable resistance/temperature heater elements. Note: Examples of special heater elements are quartz tube, woven
41、mat, parallel circuit mat, series circuit mat, rope, cartridge, and strip.Variable resistance/temperature (VR/T) heater element a heater element that, when operating over its normal design temperature range, exhibits an increase or decrease in resistance in accordance with an increase in temperature
42、. Notes: (1) The steady-state input in the normal design temperature range can vary by more than +5 to 10% of the steady-state input at room ambient (25 C) temperature.(2) The change in resistance can be obtained by (a) the flow of current through the heater element; (b) a change in the ambient temp
43、erature; or (c) a combination of Items (a) and (b).4 General requirementsGeneral requirements applicable to this Standard are given in CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 0.5 Construction5.1 Open-wire heater elements5.1.1 GeneralHeater elements shall meet the requirements of Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.3. Canadian Standard
44、s Association Heater elementsFebruary 2010 35.1.2 Insulation5.1.2.1Bare live parts shall be supported on insulating material that is suitable for the intended use.5.1.2.2The suitability of the insulating material shall be determined by consideration of(a) mechanical strength;(b) dielectric strength;
45、(c) insulation resistance;(d) moisture-absorption- and heat-resistant properties;(e) the degree of enclosure or protection; and(f) any other factors that might have a bearing on fire and accident hazards under conditions of intended use.5.1.3 Spacings5.1.3.1Except as specified in Clause 5.1.3.2, hea
46、ter elements shall meet the spacing requirements specified in Table 1. If a bare live part is not rigidly supported, or if a moveable non-current-carrying metal part is in proximity to a bare live part, the construction shall be such that the minimum spacing specified will be maintained under condit
47、ions of normal operation.5.1.3.2An insulating barrier or liner may be used to obtain the required spacings, provided that it is(a)of adequate dielectric strength and resistant to moisture absorption;(b) not adversely affected by arcing and suitable for the temperature encountered;(c) of adequate mec
48、hanical strength and permanently retained in place;(d) not less than 0.7 mm thick, except that it may be not less than(i) 0.35 mm thick if used in conjunction with a spacing not less than one-half of that required; or(ii) 0.25 mm thick if it is of mica or other equivalent insulating material of suit
49、able thickness to comply with the requirements of Items (a) and (b). The insulating barrier or liner shall be held in position between the parts involved by mechanical means (no spacing required). The use of an adhesive to affix such insulation in place shall be subject to investigation; and(e) in compliance with the requirements of Clauses 6.10 and 6.11.5.1.3.3A well-defined depression of at least 0.8 mm in depth shall be made in the metal. An insulator (e.g., a mica washer) that is used for maintaining spacings of live parts shall closely fit
