1、C748-13Performance of direct-expansion (DX) ground-source heat pumpsLegal Notice for StandardsCanadian Standards Association (operating as “CSA Group”) develops standards through a consensus standards development process approved by the Standards Council of Canada. This process brings together volun
2、teers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus and develop a standard. Although CSA Group administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in achieving consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the content of standards.Disclaimer and exc
3、lusion of liabilityThis document is provided without any representations, warranties, or conditions of any kind, express or implied, including, without limitation, implied warranties or conditions concerning this documents fitness for a particular purpose or use, its merchantability, or its non-infr
4、ingement of any third partys intellectual property rights. CSA Group does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, or currency of any of the information published in this document. CSA Group makes no representations or warranties regarding this documents compliance with any applicable statute, rule,
5、or regulation. IN NO EVENT SHALL CSA GROUP, ITS VOLUNTEERS, MEMBERS, SUBSIDIARIES, OR AFFILIATED COMPANIES, OR THEIR EMPLOYEES, DIRECTORS, OR OFFICERS, BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES, HOWSOEVER CAUSED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL
6、OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOST OR DAMAGED DATA, OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSS, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR RESULTING FROM ACCESS TO OR POSSESSION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, E
7、VEN IF CSA GROUP HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES.In publishing and making this document available, CSA Group is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity or to perform any duty owed by any p
8、erson or entity to another person or entity. The information in this document is directed to those who have the appropriate degree of experience to use and apply its contents, and CSA Group accepts no responsibility whatsoever arising in any way from any and all use of or reliance on the information
9、 contained in this document. CSA Group is a private not-for-profit company that publishes voluntary standards and related documents. CSA Group has no power, nor does it undertake, to enforce compliance with the contents of the standards or other documents it publishes. Intellectual property rights a
10、nd ownershipAs between CSA Group and the users of this document (whether it be in printed or electronic form), CSA Group is the owner, or the authorized licensee, of all works contained herein that are protected by copyright, all trade-marks (except as otherwise noted to the contrary), and all inven
11、tions and trade secrets that may be contained in this document, whether or not such inventions and trade secrets are protected by patents and applications for patents. Without limitation, the unauthorized use, modification, copying, or disclosure of this document may violate laws that protect CSA Gr
12、oups and/or others intellectual property and may give rise to a right in CSA Group and/or others to seek legal redress for such use, modification, copying, or disclosure. To the extent permitted by licence or by law, CSA Group reserves all intellectual property rights in this document.Patent rightsA
13、ttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. CSA Group shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pate
14、nt rights is entirely their own responsibility.Authorized use of this documentThis document is being provided by CSA Group for informational and non-commercial use only. The user of this document is authorized to do only the following:If this document is in electronic form:sLOADTHISDOCUMENTONTOACOMP
15、UTERFORTHESOLEPURPOSEOFREVIEWINGITsSEARCHANDBROWSETHISDOCUMENTANDsPRINTTHISDOCUMENTIFITISIN0$ (b) Part 1 and Part 2 address DX-to-air and water separately, with both including requirements for rating, performance, testing, marking, installation, and publication of ratings;(c) The reference publicati
16、ons have been updated to reflect references to ISO standards;(d) New definitons have been added since the previous edition; and(e) New annexes related to test procedures, indoor/outdoor test methods, and instrumentation and measurements have also been added.CSA Group gratefully acknowledges the fina
17、ncial assistance provided by Natural Resources Canada, the Ontario Ministry of Energy, the Canadian Electricity Association, B.C. Hydro, and Manitoba Hydro in the development of this Standard.This Standard is considered suitable for use for conformity assessment within the stated scope of the Standa
18、rd.This Standard was prepared by the Subcommittee on Earth Energy Systems, under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee on Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration and the Strategic Steering Committee on Performance, Energy Efficiency, and Renewables, and has been formally appro
19、ved by the Technical Committee.Notes: (1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.(2) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Stand
20、ard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.(3) This Standard was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization Code of good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, but not necessaril
21、y unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this Standard.(4) To submit a request for interpretation of this Standard, please send the following information to inquiriescsagroup
22、.org and include “Request for interpretation” in the subject line:(a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch;(b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and(c) where possible, phrase
23、the request in such a way that a specific “yes” or “no” answer will address the issue.Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are available on the Current Standards Activities page at standardsactivities.csa.ca.(5) Th
24、is Standard is subject to periodic review, and suggestions for its improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. To submit a proposal for change, please send the following information to inquiriescsagroup.org and include “Proposal for change” in the subject line:(a) Standard designation
25、 (number);(b) relevant clause, table, and/or figure number;(c) wording of the proposed change; and(d) rationale for the change.TMA trade-mark of the Canadian Standards Association, operating as “CSA Group”Published in March 2013 by CSA GroupA not-for-profit private sector organization5060 Spectrum W
26、ay, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044Visit our Online Store at shop.csa.caC748-13, Part 1Testing and rating for performance Part1: DX-to-air heat pumps 2013 CSA Group Testing and rating for performance Part1: DX -to-air heat pumpsMarch 2013 3C748-13, Part 1Te
27、sting and rating for performance Part1: DX-to-air heat pumps1Scope1.1Part 1 of this Standard covers heating and cooling systems that are generally referred to as “direct-expansion-to-air heat pumps” (“DX-to-air heat pumps”). These systems generally include an indoor coil with air-moving means, a com
28、pressor, and a refrigerant-to-earth heat exchanger. A system may provide both heating and cooling, cooling-only, or heating-only functions.1.2Part 1 of this Standard establishes performance testing and rating criteria for factory-made, electrically-driven, mechanical-compression type, DX-to-air heat
29、 pumps for residential, commercial and industrial use. The requirements for testing and rating contained in Part 1 of this Standard are based on the use of matched assemblies.1.3Part 1 of this Standard does not apply to the testing and rating of individual assemblies for separate use, nor to the tes
30、ting and rating of heat pumps covered in ISO 5151 or ISO 13253Note: In this Standard, the terms “equipment” or “heat pumps” may be used to mean “DX-to-air heat pumps”.1.4The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for in
31、formation and comparison only.1.5In CSA Standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “may” is used to express an
32、 option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or
33、informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.2 Reference publicationsThis Standard refers to the following public
34、ations, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the edition listed below, including all amendments published hereto.ISO (International Organization for Standardization)817:2005Refrigerants Designation systemC748-13, Part 1 2013 CSA Group4 March 20133966:2008Measurement of fluid flow in clos
35、ed conduits Velocity area method using Pitot static tubes5151:2010Non-ducted air conditioners and heat pumps Testing and rating for performance5167-1:2003Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full Part 1: General princ
36、iples and requirements5167-2:2003Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full Part 2: Orifice plates5167-3:2003Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section condui
37、ts running full Part 3: Nozzles and Venturi nozzles5167-4:2003Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full Part 4: Venturi tubes5221:1984 (withdrawn)Air distribution and air diffusion Rules to methods of measuring air fl
38、ow rate in an air handling duct13253:2011Ducted air-conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps Testing and rating for performance3 Definitions and symbols3.1 DefinitionsThe following definitions shall apply in this Standard:Coefficient of performance cooling (/COPc) the ratio of the net total cooling ca
39、pacity to the effective power input at any given set of rating conditions.Coefficient of performance heating (COPh) the ratio of the net heating capacity to the effective power input of the equipment at any given set of rating conditions.DX-to-air heat pump a heat pump that consists of one or more f
40、actory-made assemblies that normally include an indoor conditioning coil with air-moving means, compressor(s), and refrigerant-to-earth heat exchanger(s), including means to provide both cooling and heating, cooling-only, or heating-only functionsNotes: (1) When such equipment is provided in more th
41、an one assembly, the separated assemblies should be designed to be used together.(2) Such equipment may also provide functions of potable water heating, air cleaning, dehumidifying, and humidifying.DX-to-air heat pump application a DX-to-air heat pump that uses a refrigerant circulating through a su
42、bsurface piping loop and that functions as a heat source/heat sink.Notes: (1) The heat exchange loop may be placed in horizontal trenches or vertical bores, or be submerged in a body of surface water.(2) The temperature of the refrigerant is related to the climatic conditions and may vary from 5 C (
43、23F) to 40 C (104F). 2013 CSA Group Testing and rating for performance Part1: DX -to-air heat pumpsMarch 2013 5Effective power input the average electrical power input to the equipment within a defined interval of time, in watts (hp). It is the sum of the(a)power input for operation of the compresso
44、r, excluding additional electrical heating devices;(b) power input of all control and safety devices of the equipment; and(c) proportional power input of the conveying devices for the transport of the heat transfer media through the heat pump only (e.g., fans, internal or external, whether provided
45、with the equipment or not) (see Clauses 4.1.3 and 4.1.4).Ground-loop simulation water coil a ground-loop heat exchanger used in DX heat pumps that is simulated by the application of a refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger used to maintain the condition of the refrigerant to test conditions.Note: The e
46、nergy calculations normally determined from the outdoor water coil are derived by applying the water-enthalpy test method to this coil.Heating capacity the amount of heat that the equipment can add to the conditioned space in a defined interval of time, in watts (Btu/h), as determined by the specifi
47、ed test methods in this Standard.Latent cooling capacity the amount of latent heat that the equipment can remove from the conditioned space in a defined interval of time, in watts (British thermal units per hour).Net total cooling capacity the total cooling capacity with fan power adjustment (see Cl
48、ause 4.1.3).Net heating capacity the heating capacity with fan power adjustment (see Clause 4.1.3).Rated frequency the frequency shown on the nameplate of the equipment, in hertz.Rated voltage the voltage shown on the nameplate of the equipment, in volts.Sensible cooling capacity the amount of sensi
49、ble heat that the equipment can remove from the conditioned space in a defined interval of time, in watts (British thermal units per hour).Standard air the dry air at 20.0 C (68F) and 101.324 kPa (29.92 in Hg), that has a mass density of 1.204 kg/m3(0.075 lb/cu.ft).Total cooling capacity the amount of sensible and latent heat that the equipme
