1、Published in February 2005 by Canadian Standards AssociationA not-for-profit private sector organization5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044Visit our Online Store at www.ShopCSA.caCSA Special PublicationPLUS 1136The SFM Essentials:An introduct
2、ion to CAN/CSA-Z809-02,Sustainable forest management: Requirements and guidancehe ISO 15189:2003 essentialsISBN 1-55397-541-3Technical Editor: Gary Gallinger Canadian Standards Association 2005All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior
3、 permission of the publisher. ISO material is reprinted with permission. Canadian Standards Association The SFM EssentialsFebruary 2005 iiiContentsPreface vSection 1 About This Handbook 1Section 2 Preface of CAN/CSA-Z809 4Section 3 Introduction to and Scope of CAN/CSA-Z809 5Clause 0 from CAN/CSA-Z80
4、9 Introduction 5Clause 1 of CAN/CSA-Z809 Scope 10Section 4 Sustainable Forest Management Requirements 12General SFM Requirements Clause 4.1 of CAN/CSA-Z809 12Required SFM Activities Clause 4.2 of CAN/CSA-Z809 13Adaptive Management for SFM Clause 4.3 of CAN/CSA-Z809 14Continual Improvement in SFM Cla
5、use 4.4 of CAN/CSA-Z809 15Section 5 Public Participation Requirements 18Basic Public Participation Requirements Clause 5.1 of CAN/CSA-Z809 18Interested Parties in the Public Participation Process Clause 5.2 of CAN/CSA-Z809 20Public Participation Process Clause 5.3 of CAN/CSA-Z809 33Content of Public
6、 Participation Process Clause 5.4 of CAN/CSA-Z809 53Communication and the Public Participation Process Clause 5.5 of CAN/CSA-Z809 55Section 6 SFM Performance Requirements 58CSA SFM and the CCFM Criteria Clause 6 of CAN/CSA-Z809 58Biological Diversity CCFM Criterion 1 in CAN/CSA-Z809 62Forest Ecosyst
7、em Condition and Productivity CCFM Criterion 2 in CAN/CSA-Z809 67Soil and Water Resources CCFM Criterion 3 in CAN/CSA-Z809 67Global Ecological Cycles CCFM Criterion 4 in CAN/CSA-Z809 68Social Benefits CCFM Criterion 5 in CAN/CSA-Z809 70Social Responsibility CCFM Criterion 6 in CAN/CSA-Z809 71Section
8、 7 SFM System Requirements: The Continual Improvement Loop 77General Requirements Clause 7.1 of CAN/CSA-Z809 77SFM Policy Requirements Clause 7.2 of CAN/CSA-Z809 80Planning Requirements Clause 7.3 from CAN/CSA-Z809 82PLUS 1136 Canadian Standards Associationiv February 2005Implementation and Operatio
9、n Requirements Clause 7.4 of CAN/CSA-Z809 103Checking and Corrective Action Requirements Clause 7.5 of CAN/CSA-Z809 123Management Review Requirements Clause 7.6 of CAN/CSA-Z809 131Section 8 Aboriginal Relations 135Introduction 135CAN/CSA-Z809 Aboriginal Requirements 136Preparing for Aboriginal Parti
10、cipation 140Background on Aboriginal Peoples and the Rapidly Changing Legal Context 141The Scope of SFM Processes 142Provincial Policies and Legislation on Consultation with Aboriginal Communities 143Ideas for Aboriginal Engagement and Participation 150Examples of Indicator Development 154The Perspe
11、ctive of a Participant in an Existing CSA SFM Certification Process 155Section 9 Chain-of-Custody Certification and the SFM Mark 157Introduction 157Chain of Custody (Forest Products Marking Program) 157CSA Internationals SFM Product Mark 159CSA Internationals Forest Products Group 161Contact Informa
12、tion 162Reference Documents 163Section 10 Certification (Registration) Framework (Annex A from CAN/CSA-Z809) 164Transition from the 1996 to the 2002 Standard: Three Years to Conform 168Transition Requirements and the SCC 168Clarifications by Registration Bodies 168Requests for Interpretation 169The
13、Interpretation Process 169Section 11 CCFM Criteria and Indicators 2003 Update 170 Canadian Standards Association The SFM EssentialsFebruary 2005 vPrefaceThis is the second edition of CSA PLUS 1136, The SFM Essentials: An introduction to CAN/CSA-Z809-02, Sustainable forest management: Requirements an
14、d guidance. It supersedes the first edition, published in 1998 under the title The SFM Essentials: An Introduction to the Sustainable Forest Management Standards.This handbook assembles a variety of CSA and ISO materials to provide a convenient reference to SFM requirements and guidance, and incorpo
15、rates comments and advice based on extensive experience in developing and implementing SFM standards.CSA gratefully acknowledges the contributions of Tawney Lem for her work on Section 8 and Kathy Abusow for the overall development of this edition of The SFM Essentials.February 2005Notes: (1) Use of
16、 the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.(2) All enquiries regarding this Special Publication should be addressed to Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6. Canadian Standards AssociationThe SFM Essen
17、tials Section 1February 2005 1Section 1 About This HandbookThe objective of this handbook is to provide forest managers and forest management practitioners with a user-friendly guide with information and ideas to assist in implementing the requirements found in Canadas national sustainable forest ma
18、nagement (SFM) Standard, CAN/CSA-Z809, Sustainable Forest Management: Requirements and Guidance. This handbook includes all of the requirements and guidance found in the 2002 edition of CAN/CSA-Z809, but it also provides further information and implementation ideas on specific components of the Stan
19、dard that arenew to the 2002 edition of CAN/CSA-Z809, the CSA SFM Standard; orconsidered challenging by companies, based on their implementation experience.Hence, extra implementation information and ideas have been provided in the areas of public participation, Aboriginal engagement, CSA SFM Elemen
20、t 1.4 (newly introduced in the 2002 edition) on protected areas and sites of special biological significance, and the identification of values, objectives, indicators, and targets.It is hoped that providing additional ideas and information on some of the more complex parts of the Standard will help
21、organizations to be better prepared to proceed with implementation. However, it is essential to remember that this document is only an information document; its contents should not be interpreted as setting out requirements beyond those of CAN/CSA-Z809. The sole requirements of the Standard are thos
22、e found in text boxes extracted directly from CAN/CSA-Z809.The sequence of this handbook is generally aligned with the sequence of the requirements set out in CAN/CSA-Z809. However, the handbook also includes a compilation of information taken from a variety of sources. The following legend will ass
23、ist the reader in using the book to provide maximum benefit.Requirement of CAN/CSA-Z809RBoxed text (single-line border) contains the requirements of CAN/CSA-Z809 against which an organization will be registered (certified). In other words, only the requirements found in this box are auditable SFM re
24、quirements.PLUS 1136 Canadian Standards Association2 February 2005Text found under this icon is guidance provided in CAN/CSA-Z809. This information is only intended to clarify the specifications and requirements set out in the boxes by providing in-depth explanations and practical examples. Guidance
25、 is not an auditable requirement of the Standard. References to clauses, figures, and annexes in this guidance refer to CAN/CSA-Z809.Text found under this icon contains additional information and implementation ideas based on a variety of references and resources, as well as implementation experienc
26、e. Implementation information and ideas do not represent auditable requirements of the Standard.Except where specifically noted, all references to and quotations from CAN/CSA-Z809 in this handbook are based on the 2002 edition.Guidance from CAN/CSA-Z809DefinitionsEntries found under this icon contai
27、n definitions of terms bolded in excerpts from CAN/CSA-Z809. References to clauses, figures, and annexes in these definitions refer to CAN/CSA-Z809.Public Participation CSA Z764Text found under this icon is excerpted from CSA Z764, A Guide to Public Involvement. CSA Z764 is referenced officially as
28、a resource in CAN/CSA-Z809. For more details on public participation, consult CSA Z764 directly. Excerpted text from CSA Z764 does not represent auditable requirements of the Standard. All references to and quotations from CSA Z764 are based on the 1996 edition.Information and Implementation Ideas C
29、anadian Standards AssociationThe SFM Essentials Section 1February 2005 3Guidance from ISO 14004AbbreviationsThe following abbreviations are used in CAN/CSA-Z809-02 and in this handbook:CCFM Canadian Council of Forest Ministers CSA Canadian Standards AssociationDFA defined forest area ENGO environmen
30、tal nongovernmental organizationSCC Standards Council of CanadaSFM sustainable forest managementBoxed text (double-line border) contains guidance taken from ISO 14004, Environmental management systems General guidelines on principles, systems and supporting techniques. This guidance is not an audita
31、ble requirement of the Standard. All references to and quotations from ISO 14004 are based on the 1996 edition.PLUS 1136 Canadian Standards Association4 February 2005Section 2 Preface of CAN/CSA-Z809The following is the Preface from CAN/CSA-Z809:This is the second edition of CAN/CSA-Z809, Sustainabl
32、e Forest Management: Requirements and Guidance. It supersedes the first editions of both CAN/CSA-Z808, A Sustainable Forest Management System: Guidance Document, and CAN/CSA-Z809, A Sustainable Forest Management System: Specifications Document, published in 1996. This Standard outlines the requireme
33、nts for a forest manager or owner wishing to implement the public participation, system, and performance requirements for a defined forest area (DFA). It also outlines the auditing process used to determine whether the SFM (sustainable forest management) requirements are implemented at the DFA level
34、.This Standard describes the requirements for SFM of a DFA, including the nature of the commitment, the requirements for public participation, the performance requirements, the management framework, the review of actions, and continual improvement. While this Standard provides guidance to users rega
35、rding the certification, requirements for certification and the decision as to their acceptability rest with the registration bodies. This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Sustainable Forest Management, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on the Environment,
36、 and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. This Standard has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada.DefinitionsStandard a document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rule
37、s, guidelines, or specifications for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of consistency in a given context. Note: Standards should be based on the consolidated findings of science, technology, and experience and should be aimed at the promotion of optimum comm
38、unity benefits. Canadian Standards AssociationThe SFM Essentials Section 3February 2005 5Section 3 Introduction to and Scope of CAN/CSA-Z809Clause 0 from CAN/CSA-Z809 Introduction0.1 GeneralCanadas forests make a significant contribution to our quality of life, the integrity of our environment, and
39、the supply of paper and building materials and other forest products, both at home and abroad. Throughout the country, these forests are owned predominantly by the people of Canada, a diverse nation that has hundreds of forest-dependent communities with diverse forest types and circumstances. The fu
40、ture of our forests is important to all Canadians, including Aboriginal peoples who have a significant relationship with the land.Across Canada, the provinces have rigorous legislation and policies for protection, conservation, and sustainable management of forests. This legislative framework is bei
41、ng continuously improved, as is forest management in Canada. In addition to using regulatory tools, organizations benefit from using voluntary tools, such as this Standard, to help them achieve sustainable forest management (SFM). This Standard gives organizations a system for continually improving
42、their forest management performance and engaging interested parties in a focused public participation process. Certification to this Standard involves regular and rigorous independent, third-party certification audits. 0.2 High Degree of Public InvolvementCSA requires extensive public participation
43、in development of its Standards. This Standard was first published in 1996, following years of discussion and work, using an open and inclusive process managed by CSA. One-quarter of the CSA SFM Technical Committee membership consisted of timber producers, including woodlot owners, while the remaind
44、er were scientists, academics, and representatives of the provincial and federal governments, as well as environmental, consumer, union, and Aboriginal representatives. In the fall of 1995, special consultations with non-governmental and environmental organizations were conducted to obtain input int
45、o the development of this Standard. In addition, a Canada-wide public review of this Standard generated considerable interest, with CSA distributing over 1500 copies of the draft Standard in response to requests for review. Public meetings were held in Montral, Toronto, and Vancouver to seek further
46、 input. The first edition of this Standard was then revised and published in the fall of 1996.PLUS 1136 Canadian Standards Association6 February 2005In 2000, when CSA set out to review and improve upon the original Standard, it sought and incorporated public input once again. It also strengthened th
47、e conservation representation on its SFM Technical Committee, which now includes representatives from Wildlife Habitat Canada, the Canadian Wildlife Federation, and the Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters. The need for public participation is also strongly emphasized in the Standard itself. In
48、 fact, this Standard requires organizations to seek comprehensive, continuing public participation and to work with Aboriginal peoples at the local community level. The public identifies forest values of specific importance to environmental, social, and economic concerns and needs. The public also t
49、akes part in the forest planning process and works with the organization to identify and select SFM objectives, indicators, and targets to ensure that these values are addressed. The public participation requirement of this Standard is one of the most rigorous of its kind in certification standards in the world today. Because Canadian forests are primarily publicly owned, it is vital that a Canadian forest certification standard involve the public extensively in the forest management planning
