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22、rds Association (CSA) prints its publications on Rolland Enviro100, which contains 100%recycled post-consumer fibre, is EcoLogo and Processed Chlorine Free certified, and was manufactured using biogas energy.March 2012 iiiContents Canadian Standards AssociationWorkplace ergonomics A managementand im
23、plementation StandardTechnical Committee on Workplace Ergonomics vPreface vii0Introduction 10.1 General 10.2 Principles of an effective Ergonomics Process 10.3 Using this Standard 20.3.1 General 20.3.2 Structure of this Standard 21 Scope and objective 31.1 Scope 31.2 Objective 41.3 Terminology 42 Re
24、ference publications 43 Definitions 54 Ergonomics in occupational health and safety 74.1 Occupational health and safety 74.2 Ergonomics Process Introduction 84.3 The Application of Ergonomics in the design and operation of a work system 85 Commitment, leadership, and participation 95.1 General 95.2
25、Resource requirements 95.3 Management commitment and leadership 95.3.1 Responsibility, accountability, and authority 95.3.2 Management direction 105.3.3 Management representatives 105.4 Worker participation 105.5 Communication 105.6 Awareness and training 106 Planning 116.1 General 116.2 Legal and o
26、ther requirements 116.3 Objectives and targets 116.4 Recognizing and managing change 117 Implementation 127.1 General 127.2 Application of Ergonomics 137.2.1 Identification and elimination of hazards and risk assessment 137.2.2 Hazard elimination and risk control 147.2.3 Hierarchy of preventive and
27、protective measures 147.2.4 Monitoring and follow-up of preventive and protective measures 157.3 Application of Ergonomics in design 157.3.1 General 15Z1004-12 Canadian Standards Associationiv March 20127.3.2 Plan and anticipate 157.3.3 Detailed design 167.3.4 Procurement 167.3.5 Installation and tr
28、aining 167.3.6 Operation and maintenance 167.3.7 Decommissioning and disposal 178 Evaluating the Ergonomics Process 178.1 Evaluation 178.2 Documents and records 178.3 Monitoring and measurement 188.4 Reporting, investigation, and analysis 188.5 Internal audits 189 Continual improvement 199.1 Managem
29、ent review 199.2 Review input 199.3 Review output 199.4 Continual improvement 19AnnexesA (informative) Guidance on the use of CSA Z1004-12 20B (informative) Reference tools 59Figures1 Elements of an OHSMS and the Ergonomics Process 32 Application of Ergonomics in the design and operation of awork sy
30、stem 93 Ergonomics Process How it fits within the OHSMS 124 Application of Ergonomics in health and safety 145 Application of Ergonomics in design 15 Canadian Standards AssociationWorkplace ergonomics A managementand implementation StandardMarch 2012 vTechnical Committee on Workplace ErgonomicsN. Mc
31、Cormick Corporate Health Works Inc.,Winnipeg, ManitobaChairC. Bart Chrysler LLC, Auburn Hills, Michigan, USAJ. Bennie Public Service Alliance of Canada (PSAC),Ottawa, OntarioG. Bossenberry Canadian Union of Postal Workers,Ottawa, OntarioAssociateK. Clark Canadian Auto Workers (CAW), Toronto, Ontario
32、A. Duffy Ontario Ministry of Labour, Toronto, OntarioC. Eady Canada Post Corporation, Ottawa, OntarioT. Frechette Safety Consulting Services, Barrie, OntarioK. Hou Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers Association,Toronto, OntarioAssociateC. Lew Wal-Mart Canada Corp.,Mississauga, OntarioJ. Martin Ontario P
33、ower Generation Inc.,Toronto, OntarioAssociateA. Pizzino Canadian Union of Public Employees, Ottawa, OntarioJ. Prvost Commission de la sant et de la scurit du travail du Qubec,Montral, QubecL. Sagmeister Department of Government Services, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and LabradorS. Sampson Nova Scotia
34、Department of Labour and Workforce Development,Halifax, Nova ScotiaZ1004-12 Canadian Standards Associationvi March 2012B. Saravanabawan Human Resources and Skills Development Canada-Labour Operations,Ottawa, OntarioM. Sinclair Ontario Power Generation Inc., Toronto, OntarioL. Stoffman United Food an
35、d Commercial Workers UFCW1518,Vancouver, British ColumbiaJ. Village Judy Village (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and(c) where possible, phrase the request in such a way that a specific “yes” or “no” answer will address the issue.Committee interpret
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37、improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. To submit a proposal for change to CSA Standards, please send the following information to inquiriescsa.ca and include “Proposal for change” in the subject line:(a) Standard designation (number);(b) relevant clause, table, and/or figure numb
38、er;(c) wording of the proposed change; and(d) rationale for the change. Canadian Standards AssociationWorkplace ergonomics A managementand implementation StandardMarch 2012 1Z1004-12Workplace ergonomics A management and implementation Standard0Introduction0.1 GeneralErgonomics (or human factors) is
39、the discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the application of theory, principles, data, and methods of design to enhance worker health, safety, and well-being and optimize system performance. For the purposes of this Standard, the
40、 term “Ergonomics” is being used interchangeably with the term “human factors”.The science and Application of Ergonomics can be used to improve many aspects of the interactions of people with jobs, systems, products, and environments. This Standard describes how ergonomics is integrated into occupat
41、ional health and safety and design using an Ergonomics Process to improve occupational health and safety outcomes and to optimize work system design.This Standard is structured for use with an occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS), such as CAN/CSA-Z1000; however, it may also be us
42、ed independently or with other health and safety activities as it employs an identification, elimination, assessment, and control structure. This Standard is compatible with the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) model found in CAN/CSA-Z1000. This Standard provides an overall framework for addressing preventi
43、ve and protective measures, worker participation, training, design, procurement issues, documentation, and legal and other requirements.See Figure1.0.2 Principles of an effective Ergonomics ProcessWithin the scope of this Standard, the following principles form an integral part of an effective Ergon
44、omics Process to enhance worker health, safety, and well-being, and optimize system performance:(a) Worker health, safety, and well-being and system performance are enhanced through the use of ergonomics, by considering interactions between people and the components of the work system, such as tasks
45、, equipment, workspace, work organization, and the environment.(b) Ergonomics has its greatest benefit when used early in the design of a work system rather than being used to solve problems after the design is complete. Ergonomics is also beneficial in the redesign of an existing work system.(c) Th
46、e user-centred approach is a key attribute of ergonomics and ensures that a broad range of worker characteristics and requirements are accommodated.(d) Worker participation is an essential aspect of the Ergonomics Process in the organization. Workers and their representatives provide valuable knowle
47、dge in work system design when they are involved.(e) A workplace Ergonomics Process operates effectively when it is integrated within the organizations OHSMS.Z1004-12 Canadian Standards Association2 March 20120.3 Using this Standard0.3.1 GeneralThe Ergonomics Process consists of the commitment, lead
48、ership, planning, implementation, and continual improvement necessary to identify and eliminate hazards and to assess and control risks using ergonomics principles. It operates within the OHSMS, where one exists, to enhance worker health, safety, and well-being and optimize system performance.The im
49、plementation element of the Ergonomics Process includes the Application of Ergonomics, to identify and eliminate hazards, and to assess and control risks in a work system to enhance worker health, safety, and well-being and optimize system performance. This occurs at each stage of design and operation of a work system. Design occurs during any project or undertaking where changes are being introduced. The Application of Ergonomics emphasizes prevention of injuries, illnesses, and errors in the workplace; it is further described in
