1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication Fibre optic access to end-user A guideline to building of FTTX fibre optic network PD CLC/TR 50510:2012National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CL
2、C/TR 50510:2012. It supersedes PD CLC/TR 50510:2007 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GEL/86, Fibre optics, to Subcommittee GEL/86/1, Optical fibres and cables. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on req
3、uest to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 78419 4 ICS 33.180.99 Compliance with a Bri
4、tish Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2012. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CLC/TR 50510:2012 TECHNICAL
5、 REPORT CLC/TR 50510 RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT November 2012 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2012 CENELE
6、C - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. CLC/TR 50510:2012 E ICS 33.180.99 Supersedes CLC/TR 50510:2007English version Fibre optic access to end-user - A guideline to building of FTTX fibre optic network Accs lutilisateur par fibres
7、 optiques - Lignes directrices relatives la construction dun rseau en fibres optiques de type FttX Lichtwellenleiterzugang zum Endkunden - Leitfaden fr die Erstellung von FTTx- Lichtwellenleiternetzen This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2012-10-15. CENELEC members are the national elect
8、rotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rom
9、ania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CLC/TR 50510:2012CLC/TR 50510:2012 2 Contents Executive summary . . 6 1 Introduction to Broadband . 8 2 Network Structure and Nodes . . 9 2.1 General 9 2.2 Network Layers . 9 2.2.1 Overview 9 2.2.2 Physical routi
10、ng 10 2.2.3 Passive transmission media 10 2.2.4 Transmission-, IP- and application layer 10 2.2.5 Ownership, operating and maintenance 10 2.3 Network topology Terminology . 10 2.3.1 Overview on Infrastructure . 10 2.3.2 National network 11 2.3.3 Regional network . 11 2.3.4 Municipality connecting ne
11、twork 12 2.3.5 Metropolitan or urban network . 12 2.3.6 Access network 13 2.4 Nodes Topology and Terminology . 13 2.4.1 Overview 13 2.4.2 National node . 14 2.4.3 Regional node 14 2.4.4 Main node 14 2.4.5 Access node 14 2.5 Examples of FTTx topologies 15 2.6 FTTx in the access network 18 2.6.1 Overv
12、iew 18 2.6.2 FTTx in access networks . 18 3 FTTx passive network products and system implementations 19 3.1 General 19 3.2 Optical fibres . 19 3.2.1 Triple play and general about new fibres . 19 3.2.2 Choice of optical fibre type 19 3.2.3 Number of optical fibres provided to each end-user 21 3.3 Cab
13、les and ducts. 21 3.3.1 Cables 21 3.3.2 Hybrid cables . 22 3.3.3 Outdoor 23 3.3.4 Indoor . 23 3.3.5 Blown fibre units . 23 3.3.6 Microduct optical fibre cables for blowing 24 3.3.7 Cables for blowing . 24 3.3.8 Dimensions for microducts and multi duct bundles . 24 3.4 Connectivity products 26 3.4.1
14、Connectors in the FTTx-network . 26 3.4.2 Optical fibre splicing . 28 3.4.3 Pre-connectorised fibre 29 PD CLC/TR 50510:2012 3 CLC/TR 50510:2012 3.5 Optical splitters 29 3.5.1 General 29 3.5.2 Fused biconic taper technology . 29 3.5.3 Planar splitter technology 29 3.6 Fibre organisers and closures .
15、30 3.6.1 Closures . 30 3.6.2 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) 31 3.6.3 Connectivity Products for Indoor FTTx Networks 32 3.7 Access Node . 32 3.7.1 Design of the POP housing (a room for an access node) . 32 3.7.2 Power feeding an access node 35 3.7.3 Earthing in an access node . 35 3.8 System design
16、 . 36 3.8.1 Link dimensioning 36 3.8.2 Calculation of an optical power budget 36 3.9 Cabling implementation . 37 3.9.1 Optical fibre cabling . 37 3.9.2 Pulling, burying and blowing 38 3.9.3 Right of Way (RoW) solution . 39 3.9.4 Access and jointing chambers . 43 4 Network design 44 4.1 Overview . 44
17、 4.2 Areas with block(s) of Multi-Dwelling Units (MDUs) 44 4.3 Areas with detached houses . 45 4.4 Rural areas 47 4.5 General considerations when designing a network 48 5 Planning 49 5.1 General 49 5.1.1 Outline planning . 49 5.1.2 Development of outline plans 49 5.1.3 Detailed planning . 51 5.2 Ins
18、tallation General advice . 51 5.2.1 Drilling 51 5.2.2 Lift shaft . 51 5.2.3 Messages to residents . 51 5.2.4 Insurance and compensation for damage . 51 5.2.5 Certificate . 51 5.3 Installation in node areas 51 5.3.1 Access node 51 5.3.2 Area for splice cabinet Optical fibre concentration point 52 5.3
19、.3 In a flat, a house or similar area (user node subscriber node) . 53 6 Installation 54 6.1 Underground work . 54 6.1.1 Material for ducts, cables and microduct optical fibre cables 54 6.1.2 Ploughing for installation of ducts (cables) 55 6.1.3 Digging and milling for installations of ducts (cable)
20、 56 6.1.4 Warning tape or ribbon 56 6.1.5 Installation in ducts 57 6.1.6 Sub-ducts . 57 PD CLC/TR 50510:2012CLC/TR 50510:2012 4 6.1.7 Various techniques to install cables into ducts 58 6.1.8 Installation of cable into ducts with compressed air or floating with water 58 6.1.9 Installation with pullin
21、g rope . 59 6.1.10 Preventive protection of ducts and cables in manholes 61 6.2 Aerial installation . 61 6.2.1 General 61 6.2.2 Self-supported cables/microducts 61 6.2.3 Installation of cables with lashing and wrapping 61 6.3 Indoor installation 62 6.4 Commission and acceptance of completed networks
22、 . 62 6.5 Safety, risks and risk elimination . 62 7 Measurements, documentation and operation. 65 7.1 Measurements . 65 7.2 Labels and marking . 65 7.2.1 General 65 7.2.2 Notation 66 7.2.3 Format of documentation . 67 7.2.4 Purpose of documentation . 69 7.3 Operation and maintenance 69 8 Quality . 7
23、0 9 Glossary . 71 Annex A List of standards 72 Annex B Examples of fibre optic cables designs vs. application . 81 Annex C Examples of ducts and microducts . 89 Annex D Example of multi-dwelling premises 91 Annex E Example of areas with private detached or terraced houses 99 Bibliography 105 PD CLC/
24、TR 50510:2012 5 CLC/TR 50510:2012 Foreword This document (CLC/TR 50510:2012) has been prepared by CLC/TC 86A, “Optical fibres and optical fibre cables“. This document supersedes CLC/TR 50510:2007. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
25、patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CLC/TR 50510:2012CLC/TR 50510:2012 6 Executive summary The abbreviation FTTx refers to grids using fibres in the terminal area, meaning beyond the last exchange Central Office. “x” there
26、by denotes different penetration levels, for instance: FTTC = Fibre to the Curb, meaning to the street (to the last cabinet); FTTB = Fibre to the Building, meaning to the building, normally into the basement; FTTH = Fibre to the Home, meaning into the residential area. Most FTTx networks are designe
27、d without any active equipment in the external network and are therefore classified as passive optical networks. The only active equipment is at the central office and the customer premises. FTTH - PON networks can be designed around different architectures. The purpose of this Technical Report is t
28、o be a first guideline for those considering to install a high bandwidth (high bit-rate) FTTx-network. After studying the Technical Report operators, communities, energy companies, installers and others will understand the necessary steps to take to plan and install FTTx-networks with high quality a
29、nd cost effectiveness, and to secure a uniform structure and a high quality level on such networks. The main part of this Technical Report describes the FTTx-networks, but Clause 2 also contains more general information to give an understanding as to how these networks fit into the planning of other
30、 network infrastructures. FTTx has for many years been regarded as the most future-proof technique for transmission of broadband multi-media applications. The building of FTTx-networks has previously been prevented by high costs. New investigations show, however, that the cost to install a new fibre
31、 based network (100 Mbit/s) is a little less than to install a new copper network. The FTTx-network is also the only structure, which with certainty can offer both the present and the future needs, which broadband access services require. At the same time the technique allows efficient operating mai
32、ntenance and cost savings. The networks to be presented are usually called FTTx, but with the strategy described here fibre networks can reach any point in the network. The end-user can be separate homes, houses, office environments, optoelectrical transitions in equipment for alarms, surveillance,
33、monitoring devices etc. The Technical Report also describes recommendations and gives basic requirements to be fulfilled by an optical fibre installation in an FTTx-network to satisfy present and future requirements on capacity, transmission distance and network quality. As a target, the minimum cap
34、acity is set to 1 Gbit/s (1 000 Mbit/s) up to 10 km distance. Relevant types of single-mode optical fibres are specified in EN 60793-2-50. However, in the industry single-mode optical fibre is typically described by the relevant ITU-T recommendations. The physical network should have an expected lif
35、etime of at least 25 years. The recommendations are written for a general audience, but in particular for people involved in private and public enterprises, people responsible for broadband decisions, planning, training and installations. The Technical Report is divided into eight clauses: Clause 1
36、introduces the term “broadband” and its background. Clause 2 introduces the telecommunications infrastructures and provides an overview of the basic structure for the FTTx network. Clause 3 describes system implementations for FTTx including requirements on products and installation techniques. Clau
37、se 4 provides guidance on how to create a network and gives an overview of applicable network topologies. Clause 5 provides basic information in relation to various installation practises and the planning relevant to those practises. PD CLC/TR 50510:2012 7 CLC/TR 50510:2012 Clause 6 addresses instal
38、lation of the FTTx network. Clause 7 addresses the testing, documentation and maintenance of the installed network. Clause 8 addresses the overall quality. A number of annexes are included to give deeper knowledge in certain areas. They are broad examples and can be used to give a better view on the
39、 principles for installation of FTTx-networks with cables, microduct optical fibre cables, microducts and blown fibre units. To some extent these annexes are company specific, which the reader should be aware of. Annex A (reference 1) gives a comprehensive list of standards. References 2, 3, 5 and 6
40、 give a good overview of the present status in ITU-T, IEC and the general CENELEC view. Some of the requirements put forward in this Technical Report are unique for an FTTx-network and should not be used in a general sense for optical networks. PD CLC/TR 50510:2012CLC/TR 50510:2012 8 1 Introduction
41、to Broadband Communication today is digital and therefore sound, pictures, voice, data carried by networks are data expressed in terms of bit, bytes and their multiples (kilo (k), mega (M), giga (G), tera (T). A bit (binary digit) is the smallest digital unit and has only two values: 0 or 1. A byte
42、includes 8 bits and defines the size of a data file. Transmission capacity of networks and terminals is not expressed by using bytes, but using bit per second (Bit/s). When a data file is transferred in a network two supplementary bits are necessary. It means that 10 bits are required for 1 byte. A
43、subscriber who wants to download or upload a large file must wait for data transfer to be accomplished. This time depends on the file size; say 100 MB, and transmission speed. In most networks, like VDSL or cable, transmission speeds are asymmetrical, with download (data transfer towards the user) b
44、eing faster than upload (data transfer from the user), e.g. 100 Mbit/s and 4 Mbit/s, respectively commonly offered using DOCSIS 3.0 technology. At these speeds, it takes just 8 s to download a 100 MB file, but as much as 200 s (3 min 20 s) to upload it. In ADSL networks, typical download and upload
45、speeds are 15 Mbit/s and 1 Mbit/s, corresponding file transfer times being 53 s and 800 s (13 min 20 s) respectively. Actual transmission speed in many networks is lower than advertised and vary with traffic load due to oversubscription of shared system capacity. This problem does not exist in point
46、-to-point (P2P) fibre networks without capacity sharing, where 1 Gbit/s symmetrical transmission speed is currently possible. While users of passively split FTTx network do share common capacity, it is large, for example 2,5 Gbit/s in a GPON system, so fast and reasonably symmetrical service can be
47、offered, like 100/50 Mbit/s or 100/25 Mbit/s. The following table gives examples of transmission times for downloading a 6,25 GB file with high quality DVD movie. Transmission speed Download time Access technology 0,128 Mbit/s 5 days, 8 h Dial-up 10 Mbit/s 8 h VDSL 100 Mbit/s 48 min DOCSIS 3.0,GPON, EPON 1 000 Mbit/s 50 s P2P fibre access We do not know all future applications, how
