1、BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 Investigation Results on Electromagnetic Interference in the Frequency Range below 150 kHz PD CLC/TR 50669:2017 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CLC/TR 50669 December 2017 ICS 33.100.10 English V
2、ersion Investigation Results on Electromagnetic Interference in the Frequency Range below 150 kHz Rsultats des tudes ralises sur le brouillage lectromagntique dans la plage des frquences infrieures 150 kHz Untersuchungsergebnisse zu elektromagnetischen Interferenzen im Frequenzbereich unter 150 kHz
3、This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2017-09-11. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, I
4、reland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Euro
5、pisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2017 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. CLC/TR 50669:2017 E National foreword This Published Document is the
6、 UK implementation of CLC/TR 50669:2017. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/205, Mains signalling. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the nec
7、essary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018 ISBN 978 0 580 94105 4 ICS 33.100.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Doc
8、ument was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2018. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CLC/TR 50669:2017 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CLC/TR 50669 December 2017 ICS 3
9、3.100.10 English Version Investigation Results on Electromagnetic Interference in the Frequency Range below 150 kHz Rsultats des tudes ralises sur le brouillage lectromagntique dans la plage des frquences infrieures 150 kHz Untersuchungsergebnisse zu elektromagnetischen Interferenzen im Frequenzbere
10、ich unter 150 kHz This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2017-09-11. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, H
11、ungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Ele
12、ctrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2017 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. CLC/TR 50669:2017 E PD CLC/TR 50669:2017CLC/TR 506
13、69:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword 10 Introduction 11 1 Scope . 12 2 General . 12 3 Specific situation in the frequency range 2 kHz 150 kHz 12 4 Dimension of the EMC problem & Environment 15 5 Situation of emission levels and EMI 20 6 Specific EMC issues . 25 6.1 General . 25 6.2 MCS robu
14、stness 25 6.3 The impedance behaviour . 27 6.3.1 General . 27 6.3.2 Variable impedance characteristic and its possible effects 27 6.3.3 Impedance values, measurement and calculation 28 6.3.4 Summary 34 6.4 Long-term effects of EMI 35 6.4.1 General . 35 6.4.2 Thermal impact on electronic components .
15、 36 6.4.3 Increase of emissions due to ageing 38 6.4.4 Summary 38 7 Measurement issues 38 7.1 General . 38 7.2 Status of standardisation . 39 7.3 Characteristics of measurement quantities and requirements . 41 7.3.1 Classification of higher frequency phenomena 41 7.3.2 Types of application . 42 7.3.
16、3 General requirements . 42 7.4 Summary 43 8 Emissions - Measurement and test results 44 8.1 General . 44 8.2 Measurement and test results . 44 8.2.1 Large photovoltaic inverter installations . 44 8.2.2 Small PV inverter installations 48 8.2.3 Lamps with electronic ballast 51 8.2.4 Electric vehicle
17、charging . 57 8.2.5 Frequency-controlled heat pump 62 8.2.6 Cola spender . 63 8.2.7 DVD player . 64 8.2.8 TV box 65 8.2.9 Beer cooler 66 8.2.10 Travelling circuses . 66 8.2.11 Power supply to fibre switches . 67 8.2.12 Power supply to a network router . 68 8.2.13 Plugin charger . 68 8.2.14 Single-ph
18、ase PSU pretending a 3-phase problem 69 8.2.15 Power supply to a PLC modem . 70 8.2.16 Microwave oven 70 PD CLC/TR 50669:2017CLC/TR 50669:2017 (E) 3 8.2.17 Desktop power supply with aPFC 71 8.3 Summary 71 9 EMI cases - Measurement and test results . 72 9.1 Introduction 72 9.2 General . 72 9.3 EMI du
19、e to conducted emissions 73 9.3.1 EMI to NCE . 73 9.3.2 EMI with MCS . 80 9.4 EMI due to radiated field strength from conducted NIE / signals 98 9.4.1 General . 98 9.4.2 Radiated EMI to telecom equipment 98 9.4.3 Radiated EMI in higher frequency ranges 100 9.4.4 Descriptions of EMI cases 102 9.5 Sum
20、mary 106 10 Standardisation, Legislation & Regulation . 109 10.1 General . 109 10.2 Present legislative & regulation situation . 111 10.3 Present standardisation situation . 114 10.4 Summary - Needs for the future . 116 11 Conclusions . 118 12 Recommendations 120 Annex A MCS robustness A set of basi
21、c principles for field proven effective PLC systems operating in the CENELEC A-Band . 122 Annex B Measurement issues: Frequency-domain vs. Time-domain analysis 123 B.1 Frequency-domain methods 123 B.1.1 General . 123 B.1.2 Frequency analyser based on DFT principle 123 B.1.3 Analyser based on heterod
22、yne principle 130 B.2 Time-domain analysis . 137 Annex C Comparison of measurement methods for the frequency range 2 kHz 150 kHz . 141 C.1 General . 141 C.2 Measurement Methods under Test 141 C.3 Signals for comparison purposes . 141 C.3.1 Synthetic waveform . 141 C.3.2 Battery Electric Vehicle Char
23、ger 142 C.3.3 Photovoltaic inverter and PLC-signal . 142 C.4 Measurement setup . 143 C.5 Summary of results . 143 Annex D Acronyms and abbreviations 147 Bibliography 151 PD CLC/TR 50669:2017CLC/TR 50669:2017 (E) 4 List of Figures Figure 1 Combinations of groups of equipment / systems to be considere
24、d related to EMI in the frequency range 2 kHz - 150 kHz . 13 Figure 2 Typical smart metering architecture 16 Figure 3 Multi-utility application of PLC technology 17 Figure 4 Smart Meter rollout status in Europe 6, 10 (Source: European Commission, DG ENER, 2014) 18 Figure 5 MCS signal levels vs. NIE
25、levels: Margin requirements for proper MCS function 21 Figure 6 Network impedance behaviour in 2 kHz 150 kHz across one cycle of the 50 Hz-supply voltage. 27 Figure 7 Example of artificial network 9 kHz - 95 kHz and 95 kHz 148,5 kHz (EN 50065-1, EN 55016-2-1). 29 Figure 8 Impedance values measured i
26、n the LV network of TUD 30 Figure 9 Impedance values in ERDF LV networks Preliminary measurement results . 31 Figure 10 Measurement of effects of a PV inverter 33 Figure 11 Long-term EMI effects of EMI in 2 kHz - 150 kHz. 36 Figure 12 Simplified schematic diagram of a CFL (11W) without PFC . 37 Figu
27、re 13 Voltage and current measurement at 230 V (50 Hz) 37 Figure 14 Voltage and current measurement at 230 V (50 Hz) + 2,3V (5 kHz) 37 Figure 15 Different types of graphical presentation in time- and frequency domain (Example: EV charger) 39 Figure 16 Time variation of emissions and signal attenuati
28、on in a Solar Campus, measured at the busbar 45 Figure 17 Spectrogram of emissions from a set of inverters switched off step by step 46 Figure 18 Time variation of emissions and signal attenuation in the external LV grid, measured at the busbar 47 Figure 19 Time variation of emissions and signal att
29、enuation in the external LV grid 47 Figure 20 Spectra of three PV inverters for home use 48 Figure 21 Impedance characteristic of inverters . 49 Figure 22 Voltage and current values at switching frequency, if reactance of the network impedance is changed . 49 Figure 23 Comparison between measured an
30、d predicted emission from inverter D for two network impedances 49 Figure 24 Emissions from a solar panel 50 PD CLC/TR 50669:2017CLC/TR 50669:2017 (E) 5 Figure 25 Example of CFL without PFC circuit Current emission in time and frequency domain. High-pass filtered waveform 52 Figure 26 Example of CFL
31、 with aPFC circuit Current emission in time and frequency domain High-pass filtered waveform 52 Figure 27 Example of an LED lamp Current emission in time and frequency domain High-pass filtered waveform 53 Figure 28 Switching frequencies and emission levels for different lamps with electronic ballas
32、t (emission levels calculated as 200 Hz-bands, RMS) 54 Figure 29 Current drawn by the lamp, measured in time domain . 55 Figure 30 Current drawn by the lamp, measured in frequency domain 55 Figure 31 Time / Frequency domain 56 Figure 32 Current spectra of 4 BEV chargers (200-Hz-bands, RMS) . 57 Figu
33、re 33 Switching frequencies and emission levels for different EVs (800-Hz-bands, RMS) 58 Figure 34 EV1 charging pattern (Yellow) / Not charging pattern (Green) . 59 Figure 35 EV2 charging pattern (Yellow) / Not charging pattern (Green) . 60 Figure 36 High-pass filtered current and voltage waveforms
34、of the BEV charging station . 61 Figure 37 High-pass filtered current and voltage spectra of the BEV charging station (200-Hz-bands, RMS)61 Figure 38 Measurement results of EV charging in time domain vs. frequency domain 62 Figure 39 Emissions from an inverter-controlled heat pump . 63 Figure 40 Emi
35、ssions from a Cola spender. 64 Figure 41 Emissions from a DVD player before (a) and after (b) installing a single-phase filter (35 kHz - 95 kHz) 65 Figure 42 Emissions from a TV box . 65 Figure 43 Emissions from a beer cooler in operation (a) and after switch-off (b) . 66 Figure 44 Emissions from a
36、travelling circusequipment . 67 Figure 45 Emissions from a fibre switch with built-in power supply 67 Figure 46 Emissions from a power supply to a network router before (a) and after (b) replacement . 68 Figure 47 Emissions from a plugin charger Higher emission levels can be recognised on from 3 kHz
37、, with68 Figure 48 Emissions from a PSU, pretending a three-phase EMC problem . 69 Figure 49 Emissions from a PLC modem 70 PD CLC/TR 50669:2017CLC/TR 50669:2017 (E) 6 Figure 50 Emissions from a microwave oven . 70 Figure 51 High-pass filtered current waveform for one cycle of the fundamental 71 Figu
38、re 52 Current emission spectrum (200-Hz-bands, RMS) . 71 Figure 53 Types of EMI effects in the frequency range 2 kHz - 150 kHz . 73 Figure 54 Network scheme with locations of customers, complaints and measurement . 74 Figure 55 Spectrum of voltage at site c (200Hz-bands) 74 Figure 56 Inverter emissi
39、ons measured at the end of the CNC mill feeder (site c) 75 Figure 57 Emissions from a dimmable ceiling lighting equipment 75 Figure 58 Noise level at an induction cooker 76 Figure 59 Spectrum FFT-voltage DC to 20 kHz, measured at the connection point of the automatic lathe 77 Figure 60 Emissions fro
40、m a power adapter to a TV box . 78 Figure 61 Emissions from an LED construction light 78 Figure 62 Signal current waveforms on phase L3 connected to a single phase photovoltaic inverter, showing significant high frequency current emissions at about 20 kHz 79 Figure 63 Current and voltage waveform at
41、 minimum and maximum levels of the disturbing emission 80 Figure 64 Network situation at measurements in Caluire et Cuire . 81 Figure 65 Max holds measurement of supply voltage spectrum 82 Figure 66 TV amplifier (up to 110 dBV noise floor) 83 Figure 67 Variable speed drive of an elevator (80 dBV noi
42、se floor with peaks 92,1 dBV (48,3 kHz), 85,96 dBV (65 kHz), 101,81 dBV (72,6 kHz) . 83 Figure 68 PC screen (100 dBV noise floor with peak 129,1 dBV at 65,7 kHz) 83 Figure 69 Power supply voltage (Phase L1) before any action 84 Figure 70 Power supply voltage (Phase L1) after disconnection of the EMI
43、 source 85 Figure 71 Peak levels of emissions from a PLC homeplug modem, measured at different points . 86 Figure 72 Peak levels of emissions from a voltage converter 87 Figure 73 Emission peak levels from a voltage converter before taking action 87 Figure 74 Emission peak levels from a voltage conv
44、erter after replacement with a new one 88 Figure 75 Emissions from a voltage converter to a broadband switch . 89 Figure 76 Emissions from a central TV amplifier measured on phase L2 at the incoming cable . 90 Figure 77 Emissions from a voltage converter at the substation 90 PD CLC/TR 50669:2017CLC/
45、TR 50669:2017 (E) 7 Figure 78 Emissions from a voltage converter at the incoming cable of two different apartment buildings 91 Figure 79 Emissions from a frequency-controlled ventilation 92 Figure 80 Emissions from a frequency-controlled ventilation in an apartment building 92 Figure 81 Emissions fr
46、om rectifiers inside a mobile site before taking action . 93 Figure 82 Emissions from rectifiers inside a mobile site after installation of a filter 94 Figure 83 Emissions from undercounter display fridges 94 Figure 84 Power supplies of TV antenna amplifiers 95 Figure 85 Power supplies of Base Trans
47、ceiver Stations (BTS). 95 Figure 86 Inverter emissions . 96 Figure 87 LED lighting emissions 96 Figure 88 Frequency-controlled heat pumps . 97 Figure 89 Emissions from a frequency control to a pellet boiler 98 Figure 90 Radiated EMI to telecom equipment - Sources and effects 99 Figure 91 Assignment
48、of disturbance frequencies to the ranges DC to 150 kHz and above 150 kHz 101 Figure 92 Conducted EMI from an EV battery charger to different devices in customer premises. 102 Figure 93 Disturbance shapes at ADSL modem before taking measures 103 Figure 94 Emission spectra measured at point B (telecom
49、 line, L1 - E) of the ADSL modem with and without EV charging 103 Figure 95 EMI situation after taking mitigation measures 104 Figure 96 EMI due to fault currents from an electric fence 105 Figure 97 Conducted disturbance levels in a telecom line due to fault currents from an electric fence . 106 Figure 98 Emission peak levels from measureme
