1、DC54-135 : 54-145 : 54-165 : 001.4 : 003.62 DEUTSCHE NORM February 1984 DIN Composition of (gaseous, liquid and solid) mixtures 1310 Concepts, symbols Zusammensetzung von Mischphasen (Gasgemische, Lsungen, Mischkristalle); Begriffe, Formelzeichen Supersedes December 1979 edition In keeping with curr
2、rent practice in standards published b y the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker. 1 General 1.1 The term “phase” in this standard is used to denote a homogenuous gaseous, liquid or solid portion of sub- stance (see DIN 32629).
3、A phase can consist of one substance or several substances. A phase consisting of several substances is called a mixture. Gaseous mixtures are also referred to as gas mixtures, liquid mixtures also as solutions, solid mixtures also as mixed crystals or as solid solutions. Note. The terminology in th
4、is standard can be applied as appropriate to systems with more than one phase, for example heterogeneous mixtures. Similarly, these concepts can where appropriate be generalized in cases where a compound is being reduced to its elements or to other com- pounds. 1.2 To describe the composition of a m
5、ixture, one of the following quantities can be used for a portion i of each separate substance of the total of 2 substances: mass mi; volume 6; amount of substance ni; number of particles Ni. Vi is the volume occupied by the portion of substance i before mixing at the existing temperature, under the
6、 existing pressure and in the existing state of aggregation. The following relationship exists between the number of particles Ni and the amount of substance ni: N, = NA n, where NA is Avogadros constant. Note I. To specify unambiguously a portion of substance and the nature of the substance concern
7、ed, two indications will generally need to be given, .e. the subscript for the portion of substance and also an indication of the substance or the type of particle. If the substance or type of particle is stated explicitly, the associated name or the associated symbol is written in brackets on the l
8、ine, for example mi (ash) or ni (H2SO4). In this standard, the subscript i, used for specifying a portion of substance, also characterizes the particular substance, since, if the composition of a mixture is considered, there is a definite relation- ship between the portions and the associated sub- s
9、tances. Note 2. The volume Vishould only be used for describing the composition of the mixture provided that the portion of substance i before mixing and the mixture are both in the same state of aggregation. 1.3 To describe the composition of the mixture, with- out reference to its amount, quotient
10、s are obtained from the following quantities: a) numerator quantities: mi, Vi, ni, Nt for a particular b) denominator quantities: mk, vk, nk, Nk for a partic- portion of substance i; ular portion of substance k; z /=1 m = 1 m, (total mass); z Vo= 1 V, (total volume before mixing); /=i L (total volum
11、e after mixing or volume of the mixture); z n = 1 n, (total amount of substance); IV = 1 N, (total number of particles). /=I L ,=I For this purpose, Vo =I= V usually applies (see clause 3). 2 Compound terms that include the component ”fraction” 2.1 Compound terms with ”fraction” indicate the quotien
12、t of one of the quantities mi, vi, ni or Ni (see subclause 1.2) for a portion of substance i and the sum m, Vo, n or N of the quantities (with thesamedimension) of all 2 substances of the mixture. Mass fraction w, = m,/m Amount-of-substance fraction, Number fraction of particles Volume fraction Pl =
13、 VIlVO mole fraction x, = Fz,/Il X, = N,/N wherei= 1,2,. . .,Z. Note 1. It is recommended that the volume concentration (see clause 3) should be used instead of the volume fraction if any change in volume during mixing is not precisely known. component ”content” were specified as syno- Note 2. Previ
14、ously, compound terms that included the Continued on pages 2 and 3 Beuth Verlag GmbH. Berlin 30. has exclusive sale rights for German Standards (DIN-Normen) 02.85 DIN 1310 Engi. Price group 5 Sales No. 0105 Page2 DIN 1310 nymous with terms that included the component “fraction“. In practice, however
15、, the word “content“ is generally used in a different sense, see clause 6. Note 3. The value of xi is equal to the value of xi. 2.2 Each of the quantitites listed in subclause 2.1 can be specified with different units (e.g. cg/g) or with the same units (e.g. 9/91 for the numerator and the denomi- na
16、tor. The quantity can also be specified as a fraction of the number 1, m % or in %o . Example 1 : w,= 13,5g/g=O,135g/g=0,135= 13,5% X, = 738 mmol/mol=0,738 moi/moi=0,738=738oo 2.3 Obsolete expressions such as “3 % by weight“, “4 molar percent (atomic per cent)“ or “5% by volume“ shall be replaced by
17、 the following equations: w, = 3 o/, x, = 4 Of0 p, = 5% Notation in table headings (see also example 1) Example 2: Amount- of-su bstance fraction xi, in % Volume fraction (pi, in %o 3 Compound terms that include Compound terms that include the component “concen- tration“ designate quotients of one o
18、f the quantities mi, V, ni or Ni (see subclause 1.2) for a portion of substance i and the volume V of the mixture: Mass concentration (also termed partial density) Pl = m,/v Volume concentration (5, = v,p Amount-of-substance concentration, mole concentration c, = n,/v Number concentration of particl
19、es CI = N,/V the component “concentration“ The volume concentrationai will only equal the volume fraction (Pi if Vo = V, .e. if mixing occurs without change of volume, see Note 1 to subclause 2.1. Note 1. The symbol p is specified instead of the previously standardized symbol , so as to avoid confus
20、ion with density. to refer to the unit mg/( 1 O0 cm3) (= mg/dl) as milligram per cent. Note 3. Internationally, the amount-of-substance con- centration ci is also referred to for short as con- centration. This usage is not recommended in this Note 2. It is incorrect, when stating mass concentration
21、pi, standard. Similarly the designations of the quanti- ties /i, u; and Ci should not be shortened to the word “concentration“. 4 Compound terms that include In this standard, compound terms that include the com- ponent “ratio“ indicate quotients of one of the quantities mi, vi, ni or Nj (see subcla
22、use 1.2) for a portion of sub- stance i and the quantitiy mk, V, ? concept, characterization Previous editions DIN 1310: 04.26, 09.70, 12.79 Amendments The following amendments have been made in comparison with the December 1979 edition: a) The quantity “number of particles“ and the quantities deriv
23、ed from it (number fraction of particles etc.) have been b) The symbol for mass concentration has been changed. c) Content (previously having the same meaning as fraction) has been specified as a qualitative generic term. d) Clause 7 has been added. e) The whole text has been editorially revised. introduced. International Patent Classification C 10G C 08 L 81-00 C O9 K 3-34
