1、September 2010DEUTSCHE NORM Normenausschuss Bauwesen (NABau) im DINDIN-SprachendienstEnglish price group 14No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sal
2、e for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 07.040!$pi“1777058www.din.deDDIN 18710-4Engineering survey Part 4: Deformation measurementsEnglish translation of DIN 18710-4:2010-09Ingenieurvermessung Teil 4: berwachungEnglische bersetzung von DIN 18710-4:2010-09Mesurage par lingnieur Partie 4: Mesures de d
3、formationsTraduction anglaise de DIN 18710-4:2010-09www.beuth.deDocument comprises 30 pages3003.12 DIN 18710-4:2010-09 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Requirements .8 4.1 General 8 4.2 Task description
4、8 4.3 Survey programme 8 4.4 Measurement procedures .9 4.5 Measuring instruments .9 4.6 Measurement accuracy 10 4.7 Documents 10 4.8 Execution . 10 4.9 Evaluation 10 4.10 Documentation 11 Annex A (informative) Examples of deformation measurements . 12 Annex B (informative) Explanatory notes on the b
5、asic types of object reactions 14 Annex C (informative) Deformation measurement evaluation models . 15 Annex D (informative) Examples of graphic representation of deformation measurement results 17 Annex E (informative) Explanatory notes on the target quantities of deformation measurements 21 Annex
6、F (informative) Checklist for compiling a survey programme for deformation measurements . 26 Bibliography . 29 Alphabetical index . 30 DIN 18710-4:2010-09 3 Foreword This standard has been prepared by Working Committee NA 005-03-01 AA Geodsie of Section 03 Vermessungswesen; Geoinformation of the Nor
7、menausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee). DIN 18710 Engineering survey comprises: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Site surveying Part 3: Setting out Part 4: Deformation measurements This standard applies in conjunction with DIN 18710-1:2010-09. Attention is dra
8、wn to the possibility that some elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. DIN (and/or DKE) shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. 1 Scope This standard applies to the planning, execution, evaluation and documentation of deformation measureme
9、nts. Surveys are carried out to monitor the condition of technical objects (buildings, machinery and plant, etc.) and natural objects (embankments, slopes liable to landslides, etc.), to determine their movements and distortions and to document the state of the respective object(s). Deformation meas
10、urements shall be carried out with the objective of providing short-term or medium-term protection against hazards caused by or related to the objects being monitored. Early detection of movements and distortions is also useful for the maintenance and inventory assurance of objects. Interpretation o
11、f the results other than for the purpose of evaluating deformation measurements is not the subject of this standard. This standard is intended to standardize and ensure the quality of the proofs obtained by deformation measurements, and it is essential that the results of the deformation measurement
12、s can be interpreted unambiguously. DIN 18710-4:2010-09 4 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for application of this document. For dated references, only the edition referred to applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (i
13、ncluding any amendments) applies. DIN 18709-1, Concepts, abbreviations and symbols in surveying Part 1: General DIN 18709-2:1986-04, Concepts, abbreviations and symbols in surveying Part 2: Surveying by the engineer DIN 18709-4:2010-09, Concepts, abbreviations and symbols in geodesy Part 4: Adjustme
14、nt of observations and statistics DIN 18710-1:2010-09, Engineering surveys Part 1: General requirements DIN 18723-1, Field procedure for precision testing of surveying instruments Part 1: General information DIN 18724, Geodetic instruments Precision of levels and theodolites from technical data 3 Te
15、rms and definitions For the purpose of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. - 3.1 deformation measurements survey in which measurements are taken to determine the movements and distortions of technical and natural objects, such survey comprising all measures required for plannin
16、g, execution, evaluation and documentationNOTE 1 See DIN 18709-2. NOTE 2 See Annex A for general information and examples of deformation measurements. NOTE 3 See Annex B for explanatory notes on the basic types of object reactions. NOTE 4 See Annex E for explanatory notes on the basic terminology of
17、 deformation measurements and mechanics. NOTE 5 The objective of deformation measurements can be to prove that an object has not changed. NOTE 6 The objective of deformation measurements can be to document damage to an object. NOTE 7 See DIN 4107-1 for the monitoring of geotechnical objects. 3.2 mon
18、itoring network geodetic network used for deformation measurement purposes NOTE 1 See DIN 18709-4:2010-09. NOTE 2 Figure 1 shows survey points and their interconnection in a monitoring network (see 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.3.1 and 3.3.2). NOTE 3 A network as shown in Figure 1 is not always required for defor
19、mation measurements. DIN 18710-4:2010-09 5 Key 1 Object to be measured 4 Object point 2 Absolute measurement 5 Relative measurements 3 Additional control points 6 Reference point Figure 1 Survey points and their interconnection within a monitoring network 3.2.1 reference point survey point which is
20、not affected by object deformation and which, by statistical methods, has been proved not to have changedNOTE 1 See DIN 18709-2. NOTE 2 If there is doubt that the reference point positions are unchanged, then their position shall be checked by measurements taken from other reference points or additi
21、onal control points (see 3.2.3). NOTE 3 Reference points and their coordinates constitute the external reference system (see DIN 18710-1) of the deformation measurements. NOTE 4 Reference points are marked permanently (e.g. by survey pillars see DIN 18710-1). Particular care is required if the objec
22、t is to be monitored for long periods and/or if measurement accuracy requirements are very stringent (see 4.6). NOTE 5 If necessary, the relationship between the reference points and a superordinate geodetic network should be established. 3.2.2 object point point on the object being surveyed NOTE 1
23、See DIN 18709-1. NOTE 2 An object point represents the movement and/or deformation behaviour of an object without affecting it. 3.2.3 additional control point point used to confirm the position of reference points NOTE See DIN 18709-1. DIN 18710-4:2010-09 6 3.2.4 observation point stationsurvey poin
24、t at which measurements are taken NOTE 1 See DIN 18709-1. NOTE 2 In automated measurement processes, the observation points are also called measuring points. The measuring point is the location of the transducer (sensor). EXAMPLE An inclinometer is installed in a foundation in order to monitor the t
25、ilting of a tower. The observation point in this case (measuring point) is an object point (see 3.2.2). 3.3 measurements and series of measurements 3.3.1 absolute measurements measurements carried out to determine movements and distortions of an object being monitored or of individual object points
26、relative to an external reference system NOTE See DIN 18709-2. EXAMPLE Monitoring the interior walls of a tunnel by an extensometer, one end of which is anchored in the stable area. 3.3.2 relative measurements measurements carried out to determine movements and distortions of an object being monitor
27、ed or of individual object points relative to other objects or other object points DIN 18709-2:1986-04 EXAMPLE Monitoring a section of a tunnel by an electro-optical distance measuring device. 3.3.3 reference measurements surveys carried out when the object is in a particular condition (e.g. a compo
28、nent after it has been completed, or plant machinery after being aligned) NOTE 1 See DIN 18709-2. NOTE 2 Reference measurements are often made with greater diligence and effort, as the object condition that is to be documented is the basis for comparisons with usually more than one follow-up measure
29、ment (see 3.3.5) and of the information on the state of the object deduced from these comparisons. EXAMPLE Survey of a dam before the reservoir is filled with water. NOTE 3 Acceptance surveys (see DIN 18710-2) are often reference measurements carried out in order to enable future deformation measure
30、ments of the object. NOTE 4 If reference measurement results are not available, the planned geometry of the object is the condition to which other results shall refer (control surveys, see DIN 18710-2:2010-09, 3.2). 3.3.4 zero measurement special reference measurement (see 3.3.3); normally the first
31、 survey taken, whenever possible before the onset of any foreseeable changes DIN 18709-2:1986-04 DIN 18710-4:2010-09 7 NOTE 1 First survey in a sequence of homogeneous measurements in which the circumstances under which the measurements are taken (e.g. weather, load conditions, etc.) are recorded an
32、d documented. NOTE 2 The changes to an object can be determined by comparing the results of a follow-up measurement (see 3.3.5) with the zero measurement. NOTE 3 See DIN 4107-1. 3.3.5 follow-up measurement repeat measurementsubsequent surveys carried out to determine movements and distortions which
33、may have occurred since the preceding survey was carried out DIN 18709-2:1986-04 3.3.6 continuous deformation measurements continuous monitoring survey taken at suitable intervals in order to record object changes as continuously as possible as a function of the rate at which the investigated phenom
34、ena are occurring DIN 18709-2:1986-04 NOTE 1 Continuous monitoring is conducted if information on the current object behaviour is needed at all times. NOTE 2 Continuous deformation measurement should be applied if the influences quantities (see DIN 18710-1:2010-09) acting on the object are impossibl
35、e to measure or can only be measured with difficulty and this will lead to irregular deformation behaviour that is difficult to forecast. EXAMPLE Monitoring the axis of a turbine shaft for a period of several weeks by means of a permanently installed hydrostatic levelling system and a sampling rate
36、(interval at which the measurements are repeated) in the lower minute range. 3.3.7 discontinuous deformation measurements discontinuous monitoringsurveys taken at longer intervals, whereby continuous recording of the temporal behaviour of the changes is not intended DIN 18709-2:1986-04 NOTE Disconti
37、nuous measurements taken at consistently equal intervals are also termed periodic measurements or periodic monitoring. EXAMPLE 1 Recording of various states during loading trials. EXAMPLE 2 Major inspection of a bridge at six-year intervals (see DIN 1076). 3.3.8 periodic deformation measurements per
38、iodic monitoring discontinuous surveys taken at regular intervals NOTE 1 See DIN 18709-2. NOTE 2 Periodic deformation measurements are adapted to match periodic changes in the loads to which the object is subjected. DIN 18710-4:2010-09 8 EXAMPLE Annual survey of a dam in the spring and autumn in rel
39、ation to the annual reservoir utilization plan (see DIN 19700-11). 4 Requirements 4.1 General The following specifications are to be taken into consideration when planning, executing, documenting and evaluating deformation measurements. They apply in conjunction with the requirements specified in Cl
40、ause 4 of DIN 18710-1:2010-09. 4.2 Task description A deformation measurement task description must contain at least the following specifications: a description of the object to be measured and information on the objectives (target quantities) of the deformation measurements (see Annex A) as well as
41、 on the quantities that affect the object to be measured and that may be the cause of changes to the geometry of the object (influence quantities; see Annex B and DIN 18710-1:2010-09, A.2.2); the target quantities of deformation measurements (see Annex E) are: translation, rotation, settlement, lift
42、, subsidence, inclination, shearing, elongation, compression, bending, torsion, distortion, strain; information on the order of magnitude of changes in geometry of the target quantities (e.g. on the expected time-related behaviour, magnitude and direction of possible, expected and perhaps already oc
43、curring movements and distortions; see Annexes B and E) or direct specification of the measuring accuracy (see 4.6); specifications concerning the reference system (see DIN 18710-1:2010-09, 3.2.1) of the deformation measurements including information on the area in which the movements and distortion
44、s can have an effect (see Annex E); a time schedule coordinating the work of all involved, e.g. stating deadlines for the provision of all required documents by the contracting entity, for execution of the work and for the expected conclusion of the deformation survey work; circumstances which are i
45、mportant for the deformation measurements (e.g. areas of the object which are difficult to access, restrictions and other circumstances that may necessitate extension or reduction of the survey work); other specifications arising from the particular characteristics of the object to be measured (e.g.
46、 involvement of third parties in the evaluation of deformation measurement results); services to be provided by the contracting entity so that the survey work can be performed; extent and type of the survey documentation (e.g. data organization); handover details (e.g. deadlines for delivery of the
47、results). NOTE Models of possible changes in the geometry of the objects are usually developed by structural engineering consultants or geo-engineering experts. If deformation measurement results lead to modification of these models, this may also lead to changes in the survey programme (see 4.3). 4
48、.3 Survey programme The survey programme for deformation measurements shall be compiled on the basis of possible or expected changes in the geometry and conditions of the object to be surveyed. DIN 18710-4:2010-09 9 Requirements on the execution and evaluation of deformation measurements shall be specified in the survey programme on the basis of the task description (see 4.2). The survey programme shall be specific to ensure that deformation measurements of an object are carried out correctly. Depending on th
