1、August 2007DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 10No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 97.145!,z)“9875806www.d
2、in.deDDIN EN 131-4Ladders Part 4: Single or multiple hinge-joint laddersEnglish version of DIN EN 131-4:2007-08Leitern Teil 4: Ein- oder MehrgelenkleiternEnglische Fassung DIN EN 131-4:2007-08www.beuth.deDocument comprises 19 pages10.07DIN EN 131-4:2007-08 2 Start of validity This standard is valid
3、from 01 August 2007. National foreword This standard includes safety requirements within the meaning of the Gerte- und Produktsicherheitsgesetz (GPSG) (German Equipment and Consumer Goods Safety Law). This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 93 “Ladders”, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN (Ge
4、rmany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Holzwirtschaft und Mbel (Timber and Furniture Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 042-04-20 AA Spiegelausschuss zu CEN/TC 93 Leitern. Ladders as specified in this standard fall within the scope of the Ge
5、rte- und Produktsicherheitsgesetz (GPSG). Once compliance with the requirements specified in 7 of the GPSG has been verified by an accredited test house, ladders may be marked with the symbol GS (= geprfte Sicherheit, safety tested). EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 131-4May 2007ICS
6、 97.145English VersionLadders - Part 4: Single or multiple hinge-joint laddersEchelles - Partie 4: Echelles articules articulationssimple et multipleLeitern - Teil 4: Ein- oder MehrgelenkleiternThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 March 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/C
7、ENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to an
8、y CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN
9、 members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swede
10、n, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref.
11、No. EN 131-4:2007: EEN 131-4:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Functional dimensions6 4.1 Ladders in single, standing and transformable position 6 4.2 Ladders hinged in “leaning ladder or standing ladder” positions.6 4.3 Hinged ladders
12、 in “platform” position 7 4.4 Hinged ladders in “stand-off” position .7 5 Requirements.8 5.1 General8 5.2 Decking component 8 5.3 Ladder hinged in the longitudinal direction8 6 Test methods8 6.1 General8 6.2 Tests method for ladders hinged in the longitudinal direction 8 6.3 Test method for ladders
13、hinged in the lateral direction 11 7 Marking .12 8 User instructions .12 Annex A (normative) Test sequence.13 Annex B (informative) A-deviations.15 EN 131-4:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 131-4:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 93 “Ladders”, the se-cretariat of which is he
14、ld by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be with-drawn at the latest by November 2007. This European Standard is one of a
15、series about ladders. Other standards of this series are listed in Clause 2. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Re-public, Denmark,
16、 Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 131-4:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requ
17、irements, tests and marking of hinged combination ladders with one or several hinge joints. This European Standard is not applicable to hinge-joints of combination and standing ladders as defined by EN 131-1. This part of the standard is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 131-1 and EN 131-2.
18、 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refer-ences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 131-1:2007, Ladders P
19、art 1: Terms, types, functional sizes EN 131-2, Ladders Part 2: Requirements, testing, marking EN 131-3, Ladders Part 3: User Instructions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in EN 131-1:2007 and the following apply. 3.1 ladder hinged in the long
20、itudinal direction ladder with hinge-joints of which enable folding (manual or automatic) in the longitudinal direction NOTE Excluding ladders covered in EN 131-1. 3.1.1 ladder with one lockable hinge joint device ladder including a hinge-joint device with at least one predetermined lockable positio
21、n NOTE See Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 Position as leaning ladder Figure 2 Position as standing ladder EN 131-4:2007 (E) 5 3.1.2 ladder with several lockable hinge-joint devices ladder having several hinge-joint devices with at least one fixed position which can be locked by hinge-joint devices at pre
22、determined angles NOTE See Figures 3 to 6. Figure 3 Position 1 “Single ladder” Figure 4 Position 2 “Standing ladder” Figure 5 Position 3 “Stand off” Figure 6 Position 4 “Platform” 3.2 ladder hinged in the lateral direction ladder having several hinge-joints enabling it to be folded laterally NOTE 1
23、The hinge-joints can be located between the legs and the steps. The steps themselves can be equipped with hinge-joints. NOTE 2 See Figure 7. Figure 7 Ladder hinged in the lateral direction 3.3 decking component single or multiple element forming a standing surface enabling the use of a multiple hing
24、e-joint ladder in the “platform” position EN 131-4:2007 (E) 6 3.3.1 reference level upper surface of the decking component, including the anti-skid surface 3.3.2 decking component height h3 height above ground of the reference level 3.3.3 overhang l10 length of the decking component after the last s
25、upport point 4 Functional dimensions 4.1 Ladders in single, standing and transformable position Dimensions are given in EN 131-1. 4.2 Ladders hinged in “leaning ladder or standing ladder” positions If these ladders can be used as leaning ladders then functional dimensions for leaning ladders will ap
26、ply. If these ladders can be used as standing ladders then the functional dimensions for standing ladders will apply. Refer to subclauses of EN 131-1 dealing with the type of position. The inner width b1shall be measured as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 Dimension b1EN 131-4:2007 (E) 7 4.3 Hinged ladde
27、rs in “platform” position Table 1 Functional dimensions Dimensions in millimetres h3l10 a bmin. 65 65 max. 1 000 50 75 70 afor rung ladders. bfor step ladders. If the decking component fits within the stiles the gap shall be no more than 5 mm. If the decking component fits across the stiles, the ove
28、rhang shall be no more than 25 mm on each side. The platform shall be centred at 10 mm in relation to the longitudinal axis of the ladder. Where decking components consist of multiple elements they shall be assembled such that a person cannot fall through them. NOTE b1and b2see EN 131-1 for the rele
29、vant ladder types. Figure 9 Hinge-joint ladder in “Platform“ position 4.4 Hinged ladders in “stand-off” position Table 2 Functional dimensions l2 min. 65 max. 1 200 mm 75 Figure 10 Hinged ladder in “stand-off” position EN 131-4:2007 (E) 8 5 Requirements 5.1 General The requirements are based upon a
30、maximum total load of 150 kg. Hinge-joint ladders are determined to be used by one person at a time. 5.2 Decking component If supplied, the decking component shall be secured against unintentional movement and shall have an anti-skid working surface. It shall be designed so as to be unable to slip a
31、nd tilt on the ladder. 5.3 Ladder hinged in the longitudinal direction The ladder shall have at least one fixed lockable position for utilisation. NOTE The storage position (folded) is not required to be lockable. 6 Test methods 6.1 General General provisions, see EN 131-2. 6.2 Tests method for ladd
32、ers hinged in the longitudinal direction 6.2.1 Principle Ladders conforming to 3.1 shall comply with the testing requirements of EN 131-2. However the ladder strength test shall be modified in accordance with 6.2.2. A cyclic test of the hinge joints shall be conducted in accordance with 6.2.3. When
33、the ladder is designed for use in the platform position, the tests indicated in 6.2.4 shall be conducted with the decking component in the platform position. 6.2.2 Ladder strength test The test shall be carried out on the fully extended ladder A pre-load of 500 N shall be applied for a duration of o
34、ne minute. The position of the ladder after removal of the pre-load is the origin for measurement. A test load F of 1 100 N (see Figure 11) shall be applied for a duration of one minute. The measurement shall be conducted one minute after removal of the test load. The permanent deformation f of the
35、ladder shall not exceed 0,2 % of the distance l between the supports. For standing ladders, the test load F shall be determined by the equation cosN6002 =F where = manufacturers designed angle of use (Permitted angle: min 60, max. 70). EN 131-4:2007 (E) 9 Dimensions in millimetres Figure 11 Ladder s
36、trength test 6.2.3 Cyclic test of hinge joint These tests are conducted on hinge joints with an automatic locking device. To test their operation, hinge joints (lateral and longitudinal hinge joint ladders) shall withstand the cyclic tests. A pair of hinge joints comprising the maximum number of pos
37、itions shall be subjected to a series of 4 000 cycles from the closed position to the fully open position. The hinge joint shall be locked and unlocked in each of its positions during the course of each cycle at the normal utilisation speed. No oil shall be added to the hinge joints during the tests
38、. Requirement: Automatic locking function shall operate with no manual intervention for a duration of 4 000 cycles. 6.2.4 Test of the ladder in the platform position 6.2.4.1 General The tests shall be conducted on the complete assembly of decking components with the ladder in the plat-form position.
39、 6.2.4.2 Strength test of the decking component Carry out the test with a load placed in the most unfavourable position at the centre of each decking compo-nent. The test force of 1 000 N is distributed over a 200 mm 200 mm rigid steel plate. The weight of the steel plate is included in the test for
40、ce. Deformation under load shall be less than or equal to 1 %of the decking component length. Residual deformation shall be less than or equal to 0,1 % of the decking component length. 6.2.4.3 Safety test of the ladder Carry out a test with a load placed at the centre of the decking component. The l
41、oad is distributed over a 200 mm 200 mm rigid steel plate and is equivalent to 1,5 times the maximum load. Deformation under load shall be less than or equal to 2 % of the assembly of decking components length. A test with a load equal to two times the maximum total load is then conducted. The produ
42、ct shall remain functional after this test. The maximum load shall be stated by the manufacturer and shall not be less than 120 kg and not more than 150 kg. EN 131-4:2007 (E) 10 6.2.4.4 Stability test of the ladder Apply a load of 750 N distributed over a 200 mm 200 mm rigid steel plate located on t
43、he side of the deck-ing component. The edge of the plate is aligned with the edge of the decking component. The plate shall be centred in the longitudinal direction of the decking component (see Figure 12). A horizontal force F of 300 N shall be applied to the decking component in the most unfavoura
44、ble direction. The ladder shall not topple. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 sheet metal square 2 load of 750 N 3 decking component F 300 N Figure 12 Ladder stability test 6.2.4.5 Test of decking component sliding A horizontal force of 300 N shall be attached alternatively to the middle of each side
45、of the decking compo-nent. Movement of the decking component shall not exceed 5 mm in the lateral direction. The decking component may move slightly but the stop positions shall conform to the limits of l10in the lengthwise direction and the overhang in the lateral direction shall not be more than 2
46、5 mm on each side in accordance with 4.3 (see Figure 13). EN 131-4:2007 (E) 11 Figure 13 Test of decking component sliding 6.3 Test method for ladders hinged in the lateral direction 6.3.1 Principle Ladders conforming to 3.2 shall comply with the testing requirements of EN 131-2. For these tests, th
47、e ladder shall be in the working position (see 3.2 of this standard). A cyclic test of the hinge joints shall be conducted. A test of the capacity to go from storage positions to working position shall then be carried out. 6.3.2 Cyclic test of hinge joints The complete ladder shall be subjected to a
48、 series of folding and unfolding operations allowing the resis-tance of the hinge joints to be tested. A series of 4 000 cycles from working positions to storage position shall be carried out at the normal utilisa-tion speed. No oil shall be added during the tests. Requirement: no rupturing of parts
49、 shall be observed. If the ladder is equipped with an automatic locking system, it shall be locked and unlocked in each of its ex-treme positions during the course of each cycle. In this case, the automatic locking function shall operate at the end of the test. 6.3.3 Capacity to pass from storage positions to working position Place the ladder in the working position, then reverse the direction of ladder use: the upper end on the ground, resting on a hard horizontal surface (see Figure 14). Apply a maxi
