1、January 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 10No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 91.100.50!$K:M“1402342
2、www.din.deDDIN EN 13948Flexible sheets for waterproofing Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing Determination of resistance to root penetrationEnglish version of DIN EN 13948:2008-01Abdichtungsbahnen Bitumen-, Kunststoff- und Elastomerbahnen fr Dachabdichtungen Bestimmung des Wide
3、rstandes gegen WurzelpenetrationEnglische Fassung DIN EN 13948:2008-01www.beuth.deDocument comprises 16 pagesDIN EN 13948:2008-01 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 254 “Flexible sheets for waterproofing” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible German body invo
4、lved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 005-02-09 AA Abdichtungsbahnen. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13948 June 2007 ICS 91.100.50 English Version Flexible sheets for waterproofing -
5、 Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of resistance to root penetration Feuilles souples dtanchit - Feuilles dtanchit de toiture, bitumineuses, plastiques et lastomres - Dtermination de la rsistance la pntration des racinesAbdichtungsbahnen - Bitumen-, Kunststoff
6、- und Elastomerbahnen fr Dachabdichtungen - Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Wurzelpenetration This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 May 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the st
7、atus of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
8、 A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Repub
9、lic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE N
10、ORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13948:2007: EEN 13948:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scop
11、e 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle5 5 Apparatus .6 5.1 Greenhouse 6 5.2 Test and control containers6 5.3 Moisture layer.7 5.4 Pressure distribution layer .7 5.5 Growing substrate .7 5.6 Fertiliser8 5.6.1 Basic fertilisers (to be mixed with the growing substrate).8 5.
12、6.2 Slow working coated fertiliser (to be used during the testing period)8 5.7 Tensiometer8 5.8 Test plants8 5.9 Water quality for irrigation8 6 Sampling of test specimens .9 7 Procedure .9 7.1 Preparation of growing substrate 9 7.2 Preparation and installation of the test containers10 7.3 Preparati
13、on and installation of the control containers12 7.4 Care of the plants.12 8 Expression of results 13 8.1 General13 8.2 During the test13 8.3 At the end of the test .13 9 Precision of test method.14 10 Test report 14 EN 13948:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13948:2007) has been prepared by Tech
14、nical Committee CEN/TC 254 “Flexible sheets for waterproofing”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2007, and conflicting national sta
15、ndards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, F
16、rance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 13948:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared by the Technica
17、l Committee CEN/TC 254 to determine the resistance to root penetration of flexible sheets for roof waterproofing. This European Standard is based on a method developed by the Association FLL (Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau ( http:/www.f-l-l.de/english.html ), Bonn, Germ
18、any). EN 13948:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method to determine the resistance of roof waterproofing sheets to root penetration. This European Standard relates exclusively to sheets. It is not possible to test a system comprising several different sheets. This European Stand
19、ard does not contain any evaluation of the sheet to be tested in respect of its environmental requirements. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
20、the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13037, Soil improvers and growing media Determination of pH EN 13038, Soil improvers and growing media Determination of electrical conductivity EN 13651, Soil improvers and growing media Extraction of calcium chlori
21、de/DTPA (CAT) soluble nutrients 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 root penetration roots that have grown into and/or through the surface or joints of a sheet under test where the underground parts of the plants have actively cre
22、ated cavities and thus damaged the sheet 4 Principle The protection against root penetration of a sheet is tested in containers where the sheet is under exposure to roots under specified conditions. The test specimens of the sheet are installed in 6 test containers. The sheet shall have four wall co
23、rner joints, two base corner joints and one central T joint (see Figure 2). Additionally there shall be two control containers without sheets providing a comparison of the vitality of the plants in the test and control containers throughout the whole test period. The containers receive a layer of gr
24、owing substrate and a dense covering of vegetation. This produces a high growing pressure from the roots, emphasised by a limited amount of fertiliser and a moderate watering. The test and control containers are exposed in a climate-controlled greenhouse, in which the parameters having an influence
25、on the growing of the plants can be controlled. The growing period is 2 years as this period is the minimum time necessary to obtain reliable results. EN 13948:2007 (E) 6 After the testing period, the growing substrate is taken away and the behaviour of the test samples is assessed to observe if any
26、 root penetration has occurred. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Greenhouse The greenhouse shall be capable of regulating the temperature and ventilation. The minimum of the internal temperature shall be (18 2) C in the daytime and (16 2) C at night. The greenhouse shall be ventilated when the internal temperature r
27、eaches (22 2) C. A temperature exceeding 35 C should be avoided. NOTE The natural light conditions in Central Europe associated with the indicated temperatures give favourable conditions for the growth of the test plants throughout the year. No shading of the plants in summer or artificial light in
28、winter is necessary. In the case where the tests are performed under significant different light conditions (i.e. North or South of Europe), the light and the shading may be adapted in order to allow the plants to grow properly. Each 800 mm 800 mm container requires an area of approximately 2 m, tak
29、ing into account the requirements for clearance as specified in 7.2. 5.2 Test and control containers 6 test containers and 2 control containers are needed for testing one single sheet. The inside dimensions of the test containers shall be at least 800 mm 800 mm 250 mm. It may be necessary, for insta
30、llation purposes, to have larger containers. The containers shall be fitted with transparent bases to allow the observation of the roots, which may have passed through the sheet during the testing period, without taking away the growing substrate. The base shall be blacked out (with a foil for examp
31、le) to avoid the growing of algae in the moisture layer. For the water supply to the moisture layer, the containers shall have a filler pipe, pointing obliquely upwards, with a diameter of 35 mm, ending near the base tray (see Figure 1). EN 13948:2007 (E) 7 Dimemsions in millimeters 80025035Figure 1
32、 Construction of container 5.3 Moisture layer A layer of coarse mineral granulates shall be placed on the transparent bases of the containers. It shall be permanently kept moist to encourage the roots to draw down onto the transparent base, in order to observe any early penetration of the roots This
33、 layer shall be composed of expanded slate/clay (grain fraction 8/16) of a quality suitable for use in hydroponics systems. When determined in accordance with EN 13038, the expanded slate/clay shall have an electrical conductivity of 15,0 mS/m. 5.4 Pressure distribution layer In order to achieve a u
34、niform distribution of the pressure, a fleece or woven material, 170 g/m and chemically compatible with the sheet to be tested, shall be placed directly under the sheet onto the moisture layer. 5.5 Growing substrate A mixture of homogeneous materials of identified quality available permanently at al
35、l of the test sites. It shall be structurally stable and show a favourable water/air rate and weak base fertiliser content for optimal development of the roots of the test plants. The growing substrate shall be a blend of: 70 % by volume of barely decomposed peat which shall have an electrical condu
36、ctivity of 8,0 mS/m when determined according to EN 13038 and a pH 4,0 1,0 when determined according to EN 13037; 30 % by volume of expanded slate/clay (grain fraction 8/16) complying with the requirements as specified in 5.3. The growing substrate shall be in direct contact with the test sample. EN
37、 13948:2007 (E) 8 5.6 Fertiliser 5.6.1 Basic fertilisers (to be mixed with the growing substrate) a) Fertiliser suitable for substrates, containing N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), K (potassium) and Mg (magnesium). The fertiliser shall be poor in chloride (containing less than 0,5 % Cl). Composition an
38、d amount of the fertiliser shall be adapted to requirements to substrate (see 7.1). b) Fertiliser suitable for substrates, containing the trace nutrients iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), boron (B) and zinc (Zn). For the trace nutrient fertiliser use the amount recommended by
39、the manufacturer. 5.6.2 Slow working coated fertiliser (to be used during the testing period) Fertiliser effective for 6 months to 8 months containing (15 5) % N, (7 3) % P and (15 5) % K. The amount of the slow working fertiliser shall be adapted to the need of 5 g N per application to a 800 mm 800
40、 mm container. 5.7 Tensiometer For the control of the watering, one tensiometer per container, measuring range from 0 hPa to -600 hPa shall be used. 5.8 Test plants The following test plant shall be used: Pyracantha coccinea Orange Charmer - firethorn, in 2 l container, height (70 10) cm. 4 test pla
41、nts per 800 mm 800 mm container shall be installed. When selecting the test plants, ensure that there is uniformly strong growth of the plants. The test plants in the test containers shall, on average, have at least 80 % of the average vitality (height, stem diameter) of the plants in the control co
42、ntainers throughout the whole testing period. 5.9 Water quality for irrigation The water used for irrigation shall have: a) electrical conductivity 70 mS/m; b) bicarbonate (HCO3) (3 1) me/l; c) sulfate (SO4) 250 mg/l; d) chloride (Cl) 50 mg/l; e) sodium (Na) 50 mg/l; f) nitrate (NO3) 50 mg/l. NOTE m
43、e = milliequivalent; 1 me = 1 millimol adjusted for electron charge. The water quality may be ascertained by contacting the appropriate water supplier. EN 13948:2007 (E) 9 6 Sampling of test specimens A reference sample shall be taken from the sheet before and after the test. The sample taken shall
44、have at least one joint and a surface of at least 1 m2. The reference sample shall be stored at temperatures between (15 10) C in a dark a dry room at the place (e.g. testing laboratory) where the test is conducted. In order to be able to identify the tested product clearly, the following informatio
45、n shall be ascertained at the beginning of the test: a) name of the product; b) intended use; c) type of material; d) thickness of waterproofing layer (effective thickness for plastic and rubber sheets); e) product design/structure; f) year of manufacture; g) installation method at test site (overla
46、p, joint technique, jointing agent, type of joint seal, cover strip over joints, special corner and angle joints); h) addition of radicidal agents (e.g. root retardant). NOTE Where the sheet is being tested by a third party, the manufacturer should supply a copy of the installation instructions (wit
47、h date of validity) to the testing organization. 7 Procedure 7.1 Preparation of growing substrate The pH value of the substrate consisting of peat and expanded slate/clay (see 5.5) shall be adjusted to pH (6,2 0,8) by adding calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The required amount can be determined from the f
48、ollowing procedure: a) take 5 samples of well mixed growing substrate per 1 l; b) moisten the samples with tap water; c) add different amounts of calcium carbonate (4 g, 5 g, 6 g, 7 g, and 8 g) to the individual samples; d) place each samples in a plastic bag, seal and label; e) store the samples in
49、 the bag for 3 days at a temperature of (20 5) C; f) determine pH according to EN 13037; g) extrapolate the amount of calcium carbonate that led to the desired pH value in the 1 l sample to the total volume of growing substrate. The basic fertiliser, as given in 5.6.1, shall be mixed homogeneously with the substrate. EN 13948:2007 (E) 10 A sample of the homogeneously mixed substrate shall then be taken to determine pH in accordance with EN 13037, electrical conductivity in accordance with EN 13038 and
