1、May 2014 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 19No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 45
2、.060.01!%1z0“2148713www.din.deDDIN EN 14067-4Railway applications Aerodynamics Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on opentrack;English version EN 14067-4:2013,English translation of DIN EN 14067-4:2014-05Bahnanwendungen Aerodynamik Teil 4: Anforderungen und Prfverfahren fr Aer
3、odynamik auf offener Strecke;Englische Fassung EN 14067-4:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 14067-4:2014-05Applications ferroviaires Arodynamique Partie 4: Exigences et procdures dessai pour larodynamique lair libre;Version anglaise EN 14067-4:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 14067-4:2014-05Sup
4、ersedesDIN EN 14067-4:2009-08 andDIN EN 14067-2:2003-09www.beuth.deDocument comprises 47 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.04.14DIN EN 14067-4:2014-05 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 14067-4:2013) has be
5、en prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Fahrweg und Schienenfahrzeuge (Railway Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 087-00-05 AA Aerodynamik und aerodynamis
6、che Sondereffekte. The DIN Standard corresponding to the International Standard referred to in this document is as follows: ISO 8756 DIN ISO 8756 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 14067-2:2003-09 and DIN EN 14067-4:2009-08 as follows: a) EN 14067-2 has been integrated in this document. EN
7、 14067-4 has been restructured and extended to support the Technical Specifications for the interoperability of the Trans-European rail system and requirements on conformity assessment for rolling stock have been added. The results of the EU-funded research project “AeroTRAIN” (Grant Agreement No. 2
8、33985) have been used to reflect the current state of the art; b) upon revision of this standard, Annex ZA (updated) will be included. Previous editions DIN EN 14067-2: 2003-09 DIN EN 14067-4: 2006-02, 2009-08 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 8756:1996-10, Air quality Handling of
9、 temperature, pressure and humidity data EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14067-4 October 2013 ICS 45.060.01 Supersedes EN 14067-2:2003, EN 14067-4:2005+A1:2009English Version Railway applications - Aerodynamics - Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on open
10、track Applications ferroviaires - Arodynamique - Partie 4: Exigences et procdures dessai pour larodynamique lair libre Bahnanwendungen - Aerodynamik - Teil 4: Anforderungen und Prfverfahren fr Aerodynamik auf offener Strecke This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 September 2013. CEN member
11、s are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application
12、 to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Managemen
13、t Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Li
14、thuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17,
15、 B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14067-4:2013: EEN 14067-4:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms, definitions and symbols .6 3.1 Terms an
16、d definitions .6 3.2 Symbols 7 4 Requirements on locomotives and passenger rolling stock . 10 4.1 Limitation of pressure variations beside the track . 10 4.1.1 General . 10 4.1.2 Requirements 10 4.1.3 Full conformity assessment 11 4.1.4 Simplified conformity assessment . 11 4.2 Limitation of slipstr
17、eam effects beside the track 13 4.2.1 General . 13 4.2.2 Requirements 13 4.2.3 Full conformity assessment 14 4.2.4 Simplified conformity assessment . 14 4.3 Aerodynamic loads in the track bed . 16 5 Requirements on infrastructure 16 5.1 Train-induced pressure loads acting on flat structures parallel
18、 to the track . 16 5.1.1 General . 16 5.1.2 Requirements 16 5.1.3 Conformity assessment . 16 5.2 Train-induced air speeds acting on infrastructure components beside the track 16 5.3 Train-induced aerodynamic loads in the track bed . 16 5.4 Train-induced air speed acting on people beside the track .
19、16 6 Methods and test procedures 17 6.1 Assessment of train-induced pressure variations beside the track . 17 6.1.1 General . 17 6.1.2 Pressure variations in the undisturbed pressure field (reference case) 20 6.1.3 Pressure variations on surfaces parallel to the track . 29 6.1.4 Effect of wind on lo
20、ads caused by the train 35 6.2 Assessment of train-induced air flow beside the track 36 6.2.1 General . 36 6.2.2 Slipstream effects on persons beside the track (reference case) . 36 6.2.3 Slipstream effects on objects beside the track . 39 6.3 Assessment of train-induced aerodynamic loads in the tra
21、ck bed . 39 6.4 Assessment of resistance to motion 40 6.4.1 General . 40 DIN EN 14067-4:2014-05 EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 3 6.4.2 Full-scale tests . 40 Annex A (informative) Procedure for full-scale tests regarding train-induced air flow in the track bed 43 A.1 General . 43 A.2 Track configuration . 43 A.
22、3 Vehicle configuration and test conditions 43 A.4 Instrumentation and data acquisition . 44 A.5 Data processing . 44 Bibliography 45 DIN EN 14067-4:2014-05 EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14067-4:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway Applications”, the
23、secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2014. Attention is dra
24、wn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14067-4:2005+A1:2009 and EN 14067-2:2003. The results of the EU-funded res
25、earch project “AeroTRAIN“ (Grant Agreement No. 233985) have been used. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. EN 14067-2 has been integrated in this document, and EN 14067-4 has been re-structured and extended
26、to support the Technical Specifications for the Interoperability of the Trans-European rail system and requirements on conformity assessment for rolling stock were added. EN 14067, Railway applications Aerodynamics consists of the following parts: Part 1: Symbols and units Part 2: Aerodynamics on op
27、en track (to be withdrawn) Part 3: Aerodynamics in tunnels Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on open track Part 5: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics in tunnels Part 6: Requirements and test procedures for cross wind assessment According to the CEN-CENELEC Inte
28、rnal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, I
29、reland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 14067-4:2014-05 EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 5 Introduction Trains running on open track generate aerodynamic loads on obj
30、ects and persons they pass. If trains are being passed by other trains, trains are also subject to aerodynamic loading themselves. The aerodynamic loading caused by a train passing an object or a person near the track, or when two trains pass each other, is an important interface parameter between t
31、he subsystems of rolling stock, infrastructure and operation and, thus, is subject to regulation when specifying the trans-European railway system. Trains running on open track have to overcome a resistance to motion which has a strong effect on the required engine power, achievable speed, travel ti
32、me and energy consumption. Thus, resistance to motion is often subject to contractual agreements and requires standardized test and assessment methods. DIN EN 14067-4:2014-05 EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard deals with requirements, test procedures and conformity assessment for a
33、erodynamics on open track. Addressed within this standard are the topics of aerodynamic loadings and resistance to motion, while the topic of cross wind assessment is addressed by EN 14067-6. This European Standard refers to rolling stock and infrastructure issues. This standard does not apply to fr
34、eight wagons. It applies to railway operation on gauges GA, GB and GC according to EN 15273. The methodological approach of the presented test procedures may be adapted to different gauges. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this docume
35、nt and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1991-2, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges EN 15273 (all pa
36、rts), Railway applications Gauges EN 15663, Railway applications Definition of vehicle reference masses ISO 8756, Air quality Handling of temperature, pressure and humidity data 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and defi
37、nitions apply. 3.1.1 peak-to-peak pressure change modulus of the difference between the maximum pressure and the minimum pressure for the relevant load case 3.1.2 passage of train head passage of the front end of the leading vehicle which is responsible for the generation of the characteristic press
38、ure rise and drop, over and beside, the train and on the track bed 3.1.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD numerical methods of approximating and solving the equations of fluid dynamics 3.1.4 streamline shaped vehicle vehicle with a closed and smooth front which does not cause flow separations in the
39、 mean flow field greater than 5 cm from the side of the vehicle 3.1.5 bluff shaped vehicle vehicle that is not streamlined DIN EN 14067-4:2014-05 EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 7 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. Table 1 Symbols Symbol Unit Significance Explanation or
40、remark b m reference length train width c m/s speed of sound CF coefficient of aerodynamic force Cp1 aerodynamic coefficient depending on the distance from track centre Y Cp2 aerodynamic coefficient depending on the height above top of rail h Cp3 aerodynamic coefficient depending on the distance fro
41、m track centre Y C1N rolling mechanical resistance C2vtrN momentum drag due to air flow for traction and auxiliary equipment and the air conditioning systems C3vtr2N aerodynamic drag in the resistance to motion formula d t s temporal variation d vtrm/s train speed variation d x m spatial variation F
42、 N load on an object, maximum value of the force during the passage g m/s2acceleration due to gravity h m height above top of rail i gradient of the track k factor accounting for the energy stored in rotating masses 1,0 k1 shape coefficient of the train k2 shape coefficient of the train k3 shape coe
43、fficient of the train Lnm length of the train nose distance from front end to where the full cross section of the leading vehicle is achieved m kg train mass normal operational payload according to EN 15663 DIN EN 14067-4:2014-05 EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 8 Table 1 (2 of 4) Symbol Unit Significance Explan
44、ation or remark p Pa pressure pmaxPa maximum pressure pminPa minimum pressure p1kPa characteristic value of distributed load p2kPa characteristic value of distributed load p3kPa characteristic value of distributed load r m curve radius Re Reynolds number based on reference length of 3,00 m at full s
45、cale Remax maximum Reynolds number R1N resistance to motion train contribution R2N resistance to motion infrastructure contribution S m2characteristic area t s time uim/s resultant horizontal air speed of the i-th passage after transformation of the time base um,im/s measured resultant horizontal ai
46、r speed of the i-th passage U m/s induced flow speed U m/s mean value over all measured maxima UiUim/s maximum resultant horizontal air speed of the i-th passage after averaging and correction to the characteristic train speed Umaxm/s maximum value of U U2m/s upper bound of a 2 interval of maximum a
47、ir speed U95%m/s maximum resultant horizontal air speed characteristic air speed U95%,maxm/s permissible maximum resultant horizontal air speed permissible characteristic air speed vtrm/s train speed vtr,cm/s full scale train speed vtr,im/s train speed during the i-th passage vtr,maxm/s maximum trai
48、n speed vtr,refm/s reference speed vtr,testm/s nominal test speed DIN EN 14067-4:2014-05 EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 9 Table 1 (3 of 4) Symbol Unit Significance Explanation or remark vw,x,im/s wind speed component in x-direction during the i-th passage y+ dimensionless wall distance Y m lateral distance fro
49、m track centre Yminm minimum lateral distance from track centre Ymaxm maximum lateral distance from track centre m/s2train acceleration measured during the coasting test Cp,2 pressure change coefficient Upper bound of a 2 interval of the peak-to-peak pressure change coefficient. The peak-to-peak pressure change coefficient is defined in Formula 2. Cp pressure change coefficient p Pa peak-to-peak pressure change p Pa mean value for peak-to-peak pressure change determined over all measurements pior
