1、September 2007DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 7No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 91.100.30!$I6“1381990
2、www.din.deDDIN EN 14845-1Test methods for fibres in concrete Part 1: Reference concretesEnglish version of DIN EN 14845-1:2007-09Prfverfahren fr Fasern in Beton Teil 1: ReferenzbetoneEnglische Fassung DIN EN 14845-1:2007-09www.beuth.deDocument comprises 11 pages 12.07DIN EN 14845-1:2007-09 2 Nationa
3、l foreword This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 005-07-17 AA Fas
4、ern fr Beton. EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14845-1July 2007ICS 91.100.30English VersionTest methods for fibres in concrete - Part 1: ReferenceconcretesMthodes dessai des fibres dans le bton - Partie 1:Btons de rfrencePrfverfahren fr Fasern in Beton - Teil 1: ReferenzbetoneThis E
5、uropean Standard was approved by CEN on 9 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references conc
6、erning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own
7、language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
8、Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All ri
9、ghts of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14845-1:2007: EEN 14845-1:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Principle4 4 Equipment 5 4.1 General5 4.2 Concrete mixer.5 4.3 Moulds 5 4.4 High frequency vibrat
10、ing table.5 5 Materials .5 5.1 Aggregates .5 5.2 Mixing water .5 5.3 Cement5 5.4 Admixtures .5 5.5 Fibres 5 6 Reference concrete composition and properties.6 6.1 General6 6.2 Water/cement ratio.6 6.3 Maximum cement content.6 6.4 Fibre content 7 6.5 Consistence7 6.6 Specimen preparation .7 6.7 Concre
11、te curing and storage7 7 Report .8 Bibliography 9 EN 14845-1:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14845-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a nationa
12、l standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2008. It has been drafted by Working Group 11 “Fibres for concrete”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This Europ
13、ean Standard is one of a series dealing with test methods for assessing the performance of fibres, either steel or polymer, in concrete. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: A
14、ustria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14845-1
15、:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the composition and characteristics of reference concretes used to evaluate the performance of fibres in concrete. The purpose of the reference concrete is to determine the general suitability of a fibre for use in concrete. NOTE The end user need
16、s to satisfy themselves about the effectiveness of the fibre in their own concrete. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of th
17、e referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1:2000, Cement Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 206-1:2000, Concrete Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregate
18、s Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution Test sieves, nominal size of apertures EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete
19、EN 1766:2000, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Test methods Reference concretes for testing EN 12350-1, Testing fresh concrete Part 1: Sampling EN 12350-3, Testing fresh concrete Part 3: Vebe test EN 12350-4, Testing fresh concrete Part 4: Degree of compactab
20、ility EN 14651, Test method for metallic fibrered concrete Measuring the flexural tensile strength (limit of proportionality (LOP), residual) EN 14845-2, Test methods for fibres in concrete Part 2: Effect on strength of concrete EN 14889-1:2006, Fibres for concrete Part 1: Steel fibres Definitions,
21、specifications and conformity EN 14889-2:2006, Fibres for concrete Part 2: Polymer fibres Definitions, specifications and conformity 3 Principle This European Standard prescribes the constituents and proportions for plain reference concretes to be used to evaluate the performance of fibres in concre
22、te under standard laboratory conditions. It has been developed from EN 1766 and should be read in conjunction with that standard. The reference concretes shall be designed to meet a prescribed flexural tensile strength, as defined in Table 1. The performance of a fibre shall be determined in a manda
23、tory 16 mm or 20 mm maximum aggregate size mix using the test method described in EN 14845-2 for the effect on strength of concrete, and by one of the EN 14845-1:2007 (E) 5 consistence methods specified in 6.5. There is also the option to evaluate it in any of three additional reference concretes th
24、at have different maximum cement content and/or aggregate size. Tests using reference concretes are performed as comparative tests. That is, the performance of fibres (effect on strength and consistence) is determined by comparing a reference concrete to which fibres are added with the same referenc
25、e concrete without the addition of fibres, but otherwise with the same aggregate/cement ratio and constituent materials from the same delivery. 4 Equipment 4.1 General Reference concretes shall be made in accordance with 6.6, using the equipment described in this clause. 4.2 Concrete mixer A forced
26、action concrete pan-mixer shall be used to mix the concrete. 4.3 Moulds Moulds for producing hardened concrete specimens, of non absorbent, rigid material, not attacked by cement paste, of a size specified in EN 14845-2 shall be used. 4.4 High frequency vibrating table Suitable for compaction of the
27、 concrete in beam moulds for testing to EN 14845-2. 5 Materials 5.1 Aggregates Aggregates shall be natural, uncrushed and silica-based with low water absorption (less than 2 % by mass) and oven dried. The aggregate grading, measured according to EN 933-2, shall conform to EN 1766:2000 Annex A, excep
28、t the limits for a 16 mm or 20 mm aggregate at 0,25 mm shall be 5% to 10 % (not 3 % to 8 %). 5.2 Mixing water Water according to EN 1008 shall be used. 5.3 Cement Portland type CEM I class 42,5 R according to EN 197-1:2000 shall be used. 5.4 Admixtures A plasticizer or superplasticizer admixture acc
29、ording to EN 934-2:2000 may be used to control the workability. 5.5 Fibres Where fibres are to be evaluated, the fibres shall be sampled in accordance with EN 14889-1:2006, 6.2 for steel fibres or EN 14889-2:2006, 6.2 for polymer fibres. EN 14845-1:2007 (E) 6 6 Reference concrete composition and pro
30、perties 6.1 General This European Standard specifies four types of reference concrete, defined by the flexural tensile strength, maximum size of the aggregate and maximum cement content. The reference concrete(s) are selected according to the type of product or system in which the fibre is to be app
31、lied. However, all fibre manufacturers shall declare the performance of their product, using the test method described in EN 14845-2 for the effect on strength and by one of the methods specified in 6.5 for consistence in the mandatory 16 mm or 20 mm aggregate mix (with a flexural tensile strength o
32、f 4,3 MPa 0,3 MPa), but have the option to evaluate it in any of three other optional reference concretes that have different maximum cement content and/or aggregate size. The proportions of the reference concrete shall be adjusted within the limits prescribed below to achieve an average flexural te
33、nsile strength within the range defined in Table 1. The average flexural tensile strength shall be taken as the average limit of proportionality of at least twelve beams tested to EN 14651. 6.2 Water/cement ratio The water/cement ratio as defined in EN 206-1 shall be as specified in Table 1. Table 1
34、 W/C ratio and cement content limits Flexural tensile strength Water/cement ratio Maximum cement content Maximum aggregate size (MPa) 8 mm or 10 mm 16 mm or 20 mm (kg/m3) 4,3 0,3 (25/30) c0,55 b0,55 a350 5,8 0,4 (40/50) c0,45 b0,45 b400 a Mandatory mix. b Optional mixes. c Equivalent compressive cla
35、ss according to EN 1992-1-1. 6.3 Maximum cement content The maximum cement content shall be as defined in Table 1. EN 14845-1:2007 (E) 7 6.4 Fibre content Where the performance of a fibre is being evaluated by incorporating it in a reference concrete, the quantity of fibres added shall be that requi
36、red to achieve the level of performance in EN 14845-2. 6.5 Consistence The consistence of the reference concrete, without fibres, shall be determined either: according to EN 12350-3 and shall achieve Vebe class V3 (10-6 seconds) from EN 206-1:2000, or according to EN 12350-4 and shall achieve Compac
37、tion class C2 from EN 206-1. A plasticizer or superplasticizer admixture conforming to EN 934-2 is permitted to give a workable concrete mix to meet the requirements of Table 1. Consistence should be appropriate to achieve adequate placing of concrete with freedom from bleeding or segregation. Any s
38、pecial requirements for surface finish of placed specimens for particular test methods using reference concrete samples will be stated in those test methods. 6.6 Specimen preparation The preparation of a reproducible reference concrete shall be done as follows: prepare a concrete batch the volume of
39、 which shall be of 50 % to 90 % of the mixer capacity; pour all dry aggregates into the container of the mixer, add half of the batch water and mix for 2 min; carry on the mixing and add the cement and the other half of the batch water containing possible admixtures during the next minute. The total
40、 mixing time shall not be more than 5 min. In reference concretes to which fibres are added, care shall be taken to ensure that the fibres are evenly distributed throughout the mix by adding the fibres at the appropriate stage in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. Test specimens shal
41、l be made according to the relevant test method of the EN 14845 series for the property under consideration. The sample of the mixed concrete shall be taken in accordance with EN 12350-1. 6.7 Concrete curing and storage The concrete specimens shall be cured in the moulds for 24 h after casting at (2
42、0 2) C, either under polyethylene sheeting or at not less than 95 % relative humidity, then demoulded and cured for a further 27 days under water at (20 2) C. After the curing period, the specimens shall be taken for testing. EN 14845-1:2007 (E) 8 7 Report The following information shall be recorded
43、 for each set of reference concrete specimens: a) mix composition including dry aggregates and admixtures in kg/m3and details of mixing procedure; b) water/cement ratio; c) fibre type (including material, length, diameter and tensile strength) described according to EN 14889-1 for steel fibres or to
44、 EN 14889-2 for polymer fibres; d) date and time of production; e) origin and particle size distribution of aggregates; f) consistence: Vebe time in seconds; or degree of compactability; g) curing and storage conditions; h) limit of proportionality strength to nearest 0,01 MPa (average and individua
45、l values); i) reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 14845-1; j) any deviation from this European Standard. EN 14845-1:2007 (E) 9 Bibliography 1 EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Part 2: Concrete admixtures Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling 2 EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
