1、January 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).IC
2、S 81.060.30!$K“1934094www.din.deDDIN EN 820-4Advanced technical ceramics Thermomechanical properties of monolithic ceramics Part 4: Determination of flexural creep deformation at elevatedtemperatures;English version EN 820-4:2009,English translation of DIN EN 820-4:2013-01Hochleistungskeramik Thermo
3、mechanische Eigenschaften monolithischer Keramik Teil 4: Bestimmung der Kriechverformung unter Biegebeanspruchung bei erhhtenTemperaturen;Englische Fassung EN 820-4:2009,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 820-4:2013-01Cramiques techniques avances Proprits thermomcaniques des cramiques monolithiques Par
4、tie 4: Dtermination de la dformation par fluage en flexion tempratures leves;Version anglaise EN 820-4:2009,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 820-4:2013-01SupersedesDIN EN 820-4:2009-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.17
5、12.12 DIN EN 820-4:2013-01 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Ma
6、terialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-02-91 AA Prfung von Hochleistungs-keramik Monolithische Werkstoffe. The DIN Standard corresponding to the International Standard referred to in this document is as follows: ISO 3611 DIN 863-1 Amendments This standard diff
7、ers from DIN V ENV 820-4:2001-12 as follows: a) the standard has been editorially revised. Compared with DIN EN 820-4:2009-10, the following corrections have been made to the German version only and therefore do not affect the English text: a) in Subclause 6.4, the second sentence of the second para
8、graph has been corrected to read: “und muss auf kleiner als 1 % des Bereichs kalibriert werden.” (“and shall be calibrated to an accuracy of better than 1 % of range.”); b) the standard has been editorially revised; c) the National foreword has been supplemented. Previous editions DIN V ENV 820-4: 2
9、001-12 DIN EN 820-4: 2009-10 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN 863-1, Verification of geometrical parameters Micrometers Part 1: Standard design micrometer callipers for external measurement Concepts, requirements, testing EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 820-4July 20
10、09ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes ENV 820-4:2001 English VersionAdvanced technical ceramics - Thermomechanical properties ofmonolithic ceramics - Part 4: Determination of flexural creepdeformation at elevated temperaturesHochleistungskeramik - ThermomechanischeEigenschaften monolithischer Keramik - Teil 4:
11、Bestimmung der Kriechverformung unterBiegebeanspruchung bei erhhten TemperaturenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a nationa
12、l standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any o
13、ther language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
14、 Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES K
15、OMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 820-4:2009: ECramiques techniques avances - Proprits thermomcaniques des cramiques monolithiques - Partie 4: D
16、termination de la dformation par fluage en flexion tempratures leves EN 820-4:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Significance and use .5 5 Principle 5 6 Apparatus .5 6.1 Creep test loading jig 5 6.2 Heating device 6 6.3 Loading device
17、.6 6.4 Deflection measuring device 7 6.5 Data recording system 9 7 Test pieces .9 8 Procedure .9 8.1 Measurement of test piece dimensions 9 8.2 Setting up the test piece .9 8.3 Temperature stabilization 10 8.4 Test force . 10 8.5 Data recording . 11 8.6 Analysis . 11 9 Accuracy and interferences . 1
18、3 10 Test report . 13 Bibliography . 15 DIN EN 820-4:2013-01 EN 820-4:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 820-4:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a na
19、tional standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pa
20、tent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes ENV 840-4:2001. EN 820 consists of five parts, under the general title “Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of testing monolithic ceramics Thermomechanical properti
21、es“: Part 1: Determination of flexural strength at elevated temperatures Part 2: Determination of self-loaded deformation Part 3: Determination of resistance to thermal shock by water quenching Part 4: Determination of flexural creep deformation at elevated temperatures Part 5: Determination of elas
22、tic moduli at elevated temperatures According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece
23、, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 820-4:2013-01 EN 820-4:2009 (E) 4 1 Scope This Part of EN 820 describes a procedure for undertaking
24、flexural creep tests at elevated temperatures on advanced technical ceramics, mainly for the purposes of comparison of deformation behaviour of materials under stressed conditions and under any appropriate atmospheric condition. NOTE This European Standard does not provide a method of acquiring engi
25、neering performance data since the stress distribution under flexural loading is indeterminate. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest e
26、dition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 820-1, Advanced technical ceramics Methods of testing monolithic ceramics - Thermomechanical properties - Part 1: Determination of flexural strength at elevated temperatures EN 843-1, Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical prop
27、erties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature - Part 1: Determination of flexural strength EN 1006, Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Guidance on the selection of test pieces for the evaluation of properties EN 60584-1, Thermocouples - Part 1: Reference tables (IEC 60584-1:1995
28、) EN 60584-2, Thermocouples - Part 2: Tolerances (IEC 60584-2:1989 + A1:1989) EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines - Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO/IEC
29、17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) ISO 3611, Micrometer callipers for external measurement 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 creep time-dependent non-elasti
30、c deformation of a material under an applied stress 3.2 creep rupture failure of a test piece under nominally constant loading conditions resulting from an accumulation of microstructural damage 3.3 stress rupture catastrophic extension of a flaw having previously grown subcritically under constant
31、nominal stress leading to failure of the test piece DIN EN 820-4:2013-01 EN 820-4:2009 (E) 5 3.4 subcritical crack growth extension of existing cracks or flaws under stress which does not produce instant failure 4 Significance and use The test is intended to evaluate the deformation of a test piece
32、under nominally constant force as a function of time at elevated temperatures. In particular it can be used for materials comparison, or for determining the temperature at which creep deformation becomes significant for a prospective engineering use. During the course of such a test, the test piece
33、can fracture. This can be due either to a subcritical crack growth process unrelated to the mechanism of creep (stress rupture), or to the accumulation of creep damage leading to acceleration of creep rate and the linking of damage to form cracks (creep rupture). In some circumstances it is not poss
34、ible to distinguish the mechanism of failure. In either case, the test piece lifetime under the imposed temperature and stress conditions can be an important aspect of a materials performance. The analysis given in this European Standard (see 8.6) produces purely nominal data, assuming that the actu
35、al maximum nominal stress in the test piece is linearly proportional to the test force applied and is constant during the test. Moreover, an additional assumption of linear dependence of strain on stress is made for some deflection measurement methods. Furthermore, it does not give engineering creep
36、 data equivalent to separate pure tensile or compressive conditions. In many cases, the creep rate dependence is to the maximum stress, and can differ in tension and compression. Typically, the true maximum stress in the test piece is less than that calculated using Equation 1 because of faster rela
37、xation at higher stress levels, and the true surface strain rate can be greater than a linear prediction in certain geometrical arrangements for determining the deformation, particularly if this is done using the relative displacement of the loading system. The Bibliography contains references to mo
38、re detailed theoretical analyses of flexural creep accounting for such non-linearities. 5 Principle The method involves supporting a bar test piece on two supports near its ends, heating it to the required elevated temperature which is maintained constant, applying a force to two loading points spac
39、ed symmetrically between the support points, and recording the deflection of the test bar with time. The deflection of the test piece is measured indirectly and continuously or at appropriate time intervals during the test using the displacement of the loading system (see e.g. Figure 1a), or by usin
40、g contacting extensometer rods at given positions on the test piece (see e.g. Figures 1b to 1e). The indirect measurement of deflection (Figure 1a) is converted into a nominal maximum surface strain in the test piece assuming a linear relationship between stress and accumulated strain. Similar assum
41、ptions are involved in analysing deflections between support points and the span centre (Figure 1b and 1c). When employing displacement measurement between the loading points and the span centre (Figures 1d and 1e), the analysis assumes uniform curvature of the test piece, a linear relationship betw
42、een strain and distance from the neutral axis, and equal behaviour in tension and compression. The slope of the strain/time curve can be converted to a creep strain rate. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Creep test loading jig The test jig is essentially a four-point bend flexural test jig similar to that described
43、in EN 820-1 for flexural strength testing at elevated temperatures. It comprises a pair of parallel 5 mm diameter support rods positioned 40 mm apart on a refractory supporting structure. These rods shall be free to roll to eliminate friction effects. In contrast to the articulating requirement in E
44、N 820-1, articulation is not required provided that the rods are accurately parallel in the horizontal plane to within 0,001 mm per mm length of rod. DIN EN 820-4:2013-01 EN 820-4:2009 (E) 6 The loading assembly comprises a similar pair of freely rolling rods positioned on a loading block. The spaci
45、ng between these rods shall be between 30 % and 50 % of the spacing of the support rods. The loading block shall be free to articulate relative to the loading column in order to permit alignment of the loading rods on the test piece upper surface. NOTE 1 Subject to agreement between parties, other t
46、est piece support and loading spans can be employed. This can be particularly advantageous for creep-resistant materials. In addition, in some conditions it is recognized that freely rolling rollers, although preferred, may not be feasible. Such deviations from this method should be reported. The ef
47、fect of restricted roller rotation may or may not be significant depending on the test material and the testing conditions. There is some evidence to suggest that the surface of glass-phase containing materials, or materials which oxidize to give a viscous glassy surface layer, can have a low coeffi
48、cient of friction against the roller material at the test temperature, such that over the period of the test any friction becomes negligible. However, this situation cannot always be guaranteed. The loading block shall be guided appropriately such that the loading rods are positioned mid-way between the support rods, thus centrally loading a test piece when placed on the support rods. The parts of the loading jig shall be constructed from a ceramic material which is anticipated to be more resista
