1、November 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 10No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 35.240.99!$vT1“1834914www.din.deDDIN EN 15982Metadata for Learning Opportunities (MLO) AdvertisingEnglish translation of DIN EN 15982:2011-11Metadaten fr Lernangebote (MLO) WerbungEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 15982:2011-11Mtadonnes pour les opportunits dapprendre PublicitTraduction anglaise de
3、 DIN EN 15982:2011-11www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 15 pages11.11 DIN EN 15982:2011-11 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 353 “Inform
4、ation and Communication Technologies for Learning, Education and Training” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Informationstechnik und Anwendungen (Information Technology and selected IT Applications Standards Committee). The Eur
5、opean Standard “Metadata for learning opportunities (MLO) Advertising” specifies an abstract model for representing and evaluating learning opportunities. This model describes three information sources (“resources”) about which metadata can be stored to facilitate the publicizing of learning opportu
6、nities. These resources are the Learning Opportunity Provider, the abstract Learning Opportunity Specification, and the more concrete Learning Opportunity Instance. This European Standard specifies the characteristics of relations between the three resources and recommends a core set of metadata for
7、 each resource. The standard supports the specifications of the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) and the exchange of ECTS information. This standard is easy to implement and to adapt to existing business processes and technologies. With this standard web architectures can support various mecha
8、nisms for exchanging information, and it facilitates the gathering of information through third parties. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15982 September 2011 ICS 35.240.99 English Version Metadata for Learning Opportunities (MLO) - Advertising Mtadonnes pour les opportunits dapp
9、rendre - Publicit Metadaten fr Lernangebote (MLO) - Werbung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 July 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without
10、 any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other lan
11、guage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denma
12、rk, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISAT
13、ION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15982:2011: EEN 15982:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 4
14、3 Terms and Definitions .44 Conformance 64.1 Conforming Instance .64.2 Conforming Bindings 64.3 Conforming Applications 65 Conventions .76 Concepts .76.1 General 76.2 Learning Opportunity (LO) 76.3 Learning Opportunity Provider (LOP)76.4 Learning Opportunity Specification (LOS) 76.5 Learning Opportu
15、nity Instance (LOI) .77 Classes .78 Properties .88.1 General 88.2 Properties used to describe relationships between resources . 108.3 Properties included from ISO 15836 . 11Annex A (informative) Informative data model 12Bibliography . 13DIN EN 15982:2011-11 EN 15982:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document
16、 (EN 15982:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 353 “Information and Communication Technologies for Learning, Education and Training”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identi
17、cal text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held respo
18、nsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. MLO-Advertising (MLO-AD) is a standard addressing metadata sufficient for advertising a learning opportunity. The goal of MLO-AD is to provide information about a learning opportunity, to enable the learner to make a decision if there is a need f
19、or more information about the learning opportunity, and where to find that information. MLO-AD is a lightweight standard that fits well with existing business processes and technologies. The MLOAD standard facilitates semantic technologies and web architectures to support several mechanisms for exch
20、ange of information and aggregation of information by third party service suppliers. The standard is easy to implement to ensure a rapid uptake by the European countries. At the design level, the group wanted the standard to support the ECTS descriptions and the exchange of ECTS information. The sta
21、ndard only describes the datamodel for learning opportunities, and does not give any guidance on the vocabularies that are needed to ensure semantic interoperability between different educational and jurisdictional domains. The reason for not addressing vocabularies is that there is a need for frequ
22、ently updating and maintaining the vocabularies, and that many vocabularies are mandated by the educational and jurisdictional domains where the standard is used. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement
23、 this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzer
24、land and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 15982:2011-11 EN 15982:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the characteristics of electronic representation of Learning Opportunities in order to facilitate their advertising and subsequent discovery by prospective learners. Key users of the standa
25、rd will be: those who provide opportunities for learning and wish to advertise them; those who offer electronic search services that aggregate results from multiple Learning Opportunity providers; those who wish to compare Learning Opportunities that have been represented electronically. This Europe
26、an Standard specifies an abstract model for representing Learning Opportunities. The model specifies three resources about which metadata can be stored to facilitate advertising of Learning Opportunities: a) the Learning Opportunity Provider; b) the Learning Opportunity Specification; and c) the Lea
27、rning Opportunity Instance. This European Standard specifies the characteristics of relations between the three resources and recommends a core set of metadata for each. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refere
28、nces, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 15836, Information and documentation The Dublin Core metadata element set 3 Terms and Definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms
29、and definitions apply. 3.1 advertising process of making descriptions of Learning Opportunities available to external systems NOTE Typically this is for the purpose of encouraging applications from potential learners; 3.2 aggregator system (application or service) that collates descriptions of Learn
30、ing Opportunities from multiple Learning Opportunity Providers in order to offer additional functionality to users based on those descriptions, for example to search, browse, and compare Learning Opportunities 3.3 broker system (application or service) that collates descriptions of Learning Opportun
31、ities from multiple Learning Opportunity Providers in order to support one or more business processes, such as mediated application to University, or financial services such as student loans DIN EN 15982:2011-11 EN 15982:2011 (E) 5 3.4 provider party (person or organisation) that offers Learning Opp
32、ortunities NOTE Synonymous with Learning Opportunity Provider; 3.5 resource anything that might be identified EXAMPLES Familiar examples include an electronic document, an image, a service. NOTE Attention is drawn to W3C-RDFS for the detailed definition of this term. 3.6 class group containing membe
33、rs that have attributes, behaviours, relationships or semantics in common NOTE Attention is drawn to W3C-RDFS for the detailed definition of this term. 3.7 property specific aspect, characteristic, attribute, or relation used to describe resources NOTE Attention is drawn to W3C-RDFS for the detailed
34、 definition of this term. 3.8 range range of values that may be used for a property NOTE Attention is drawn to W3C-RDFS for the detailed definition of this term. 3.9 domain class of resource to which statements using a property may be made NOTE Attention is drawn to W3C-RDFS for the detailed definit
35、ion of this term; 3.10 sub property of a property that is derived from another property NOTE Attention is drawn to W3C-RDFS for the detailed definition of this term. 3.11 sub class of a class that is derived from another class NOTE Attention is drawn to W3C-RDFS for the detailed definition of this t
36、erm. 3.12 literal literal value for a property defined within a statement; this may be a plain literal value (such as a string and language term) or a typed literal value (such as a value and data type specification identifier) NOTE Attention is drawn to W3C-RDFS for the detailed definition of this
37、term. DIN EN 15982:2011-11 EN 15982:2011 (E) 6 3.13 statement combination of a property and a value specified for a resource 3.14 URI uniform resource identifier NOTE As defined by IETF-RFC2396. 4 Conformance 4.1 Conforming Instance There are two levels at which conformance to this standard may be c
38、laimed: strictly conforming and conforming. A strictly conforming instance is a set of structured information constituted only of objects and statements defined by the classes and properties of this standard and fully qualified refinements of the properties defined in this standard. A fully qualifie
39、d refinement is defined for the purpose of conformance as a property that explicitly extends a property defined by this standard. A fully qualified refinement must be capable of being processed according to the semantics of the property it extends. A conforming instance may contain additional object
40、s and properties. NOTE As there are no cardinality restrictions on any of the properties of this standard, an instance consisting only of one or more objects conforming to classes defined in this standard but without any properties is a strictly conforming instance. 4.2 Conforming Bindings A strictl
41、y conforming binding is constituted only of bindings to an exchange format of the classes and properties defined by this standard and fully qualified refinements of the properties defined in this standard. A conforming binding may contain additional properties that do not necessarily extend or map t
42、o the properties defined in this standard. Both strictly conforming bindings and conforming bindings must be capable of being used to generate and validate instances that can be automatically converted to a strictly conforming instance of this standard. Both strictly conforming bindings and conformi
43、ng bindings may impose additional constraints upon the values of properties defined in this standard. Both strictly conforming bindings and conforming bindings may impose cardinality constraints on properties defined in this standard. Both strictly conforming bindings and conforming bindings may imp
44、ost cardinality constraints on associations between instances of the classes defined in this standard. NOTE Attention is drawn to the GRRDL (Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages), and XSLT (XSL Transformations), both recommendations of W3C. 4.3 Conforming Applications There are
45、two classes of application that may claim conformance to this standard: conforming providers and conforming consumers. DIN EN 15982:2011-11 EN 15982:2011 (E) 7 A conforming provider is an application that is capable of generating and sharing (1) conforming instances , and/or (2) instances that confo
46、rm to a conforming binding. A conforming consumer is an application that is capable of processing (1) conforming instances, and/or (2) instances that conform to a conforming binding. 5 Conventions URIs for classes and properties defined in this European Standard and included from EN 15982:2011 are i
47、ntroduced with the “mlo:“ prefixes.“ NOTE The namespace for all classes and properties defined in this standard is currently http:/purl.org/net/mlo (prefix “mlo:”). CEN has initiated a process for the establishment of a Namespace policy and the provision of related services. Upon resolution of this
48、issue the text of this clause will be amended as appropriate. 6 Concepts 6.1 General In the Informative Annex A, a UML representation of the concepts is presented. 6.2 Learning Opportunity (LO) A chance to participate in education or training. 6.3 Learning Opportunity Provider (LOP) An agent (person
49、 or organisation) that provides learning opportunities. 6.4 Learning Opportunity Specification (LOS) An abstract description of a learning opportunity, consisting of information that will be consistent across multiple instances of the learning opportunity. 6.5 Learning Opportunity Instance (LOI) A single occurrence of a learning opportunity. Unlike a Learning Opportunity Specification, a Learning Opportunity Instance is not abstract, may be bound to particular dates or loca
