1、May 2017 English price group 24No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 97.195!%di“2659670www.din.deDIN EN 1
2、6682Conservation of cultural heritage Methods of measurement of moisture content, or water content, in materials constituting immovable cultural heritage;English version EN 16682:2017,English translation of DIN EN 16682:2017-05Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Feuchte bzw.
3、 Wassergehalts in Materialien des unbeweglichen kulturellen Erbes;Englische Fassung EN 16682:2017,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16682:2017-05Conservation du patrimoine culturel Mthodes de mesurage de la teneur en humidit, ou teneur en eau, de matriaux constituant un patrimoine culturel immatriel;V
4、ersion anglaise EN 16682:2017,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16682:2017-05www.beuth.deDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 66 pages 04.17 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This d
5、ocument (EN 16682:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of cultural heritage” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Bauwesen (DIN Standards Committee Building and Civil Engineering), Working Commit
6、tee NA 005-01-36 AA “Conservation of cultural heritage (national mirror committee for CEN/TC 346)”. DIN EN 16682:2017-05 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16682 March 2017 ICS 97.195 English Version Conservation of cultural heritage - Methods of measurement of moisture content, or
7、 water content, in materials constituting immovable cultural heritage Conservation du patrimoine culturel - Mthodes de mesurage de la teneur en humidit, ou teneur en eau, de matriaux constituant un patrimoine culturel immatriel Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Feuchte-
8、bzw. Wassergehalts in Materialien des unbeweglichen kulturellen Erbes This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 December 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national st
9、andard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in
10、 any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech R
11、epublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdo
12、m. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16682:201
13、7 EEN 16682:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 5 Introduction 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Symbols and abbreviations 13 5 Moisture and water content in materials 14 5.1 Moisture content 14 5.1.1 General . 14 5.1.2 Dry versus wet mode 14 5.1.3 Gravimetr
14、ic versus volumetric mode . 15 5.2 Water content 15 5.3 Comparison between moisture content and water content . 15 6 Absolute and relative methods . 16 6.1 Absolute methods 16 6.2 Relative methods 16 6.3 Comparison between absolute and relative methods 17 7 Taking and handling samples 18 8 Calibrati
15、on 18 8.1 General . 18 8.2 Instrument calibration . 19 8.2.1 General . 19 8.2.2 Calibration for moisture content 19 8.2.3 Calibration for water content 19 8.3 Reproducibility . 19 8.3.1 Instruments for absolute measurements 19 8.3.2 Instruments for relative measurements . 19 8.3.3 Comparison between
16、 absolute and relative methods 19 9 Use of existing European Standards concerning modern building materials 20 10 Test report 20 Annex A (normative) Absolute methods . 22 A.1 Generalities 22 A.2 Gravimetric method 22 A.2.1 General . 22 A.2.2 Apparatus 23 A.2.3 Procedure 23 A.3 Drying procedures in t
17、he gravimetric method 23 A.3.1 General . 23 DIN EN 16682:2017-05 EN 16682:2017 (E) 3 A.3.2 Oven drying . 24 A.3.2.1 General . 24 A.3.2.2 Apparatus 24 A.3.2.3 Drying procedure . 24 A.3.3 Vacuum drying . 25 A.3.3.1 General . 25 A.3.3.2 Apparatus 25 A.3.3.3 Drying procedure . 25 A.3.4 Compressed-air dr
18、ying . 25 A.3.4.1 General . 25 A.3.4.2 Apparatus 25 A.3.4.3 Drying procedure . 26 A.3.5 Adsorption drying 26 A.3.5.1 General . 26 A.3.5.2 Apparatus 26 A.3.5.3 Drying procedure . 26 A.3.6 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 27 A.3.6.1 General . 27 A.3.6.2 Apparatus 27 A.3.6.3 Procedure 27 A.4 Karl Fisc
19、her titration . 28 A.4.1 General . 28 A.4.2 Apparatus 28 A.4.3 Procedure 29 A.4.4 Volumetric KF titration (V-KFT) . 30 A.4.4.1 General . 30 A.4.4.2 Apparatus 30 A.4.4.3 Procedure 30 A.4.5 Coulometric KF titration (C-KFT) 31 A.4.5.1 General . 31 A.4.5.2 Apparatus 31 A.4.5.3 Procedure 31 A.4.6 Oven-va
20、porization KF titration (OV-KFT) . 32 A.4.6.1 General . 32 A.4.6.2 Apparatus 32 A.4.6.3 Temperature 32 DIN EN 16682:2017-05 EN 16682:2017 (E) 4 A.4.7 KF titration of selected materials . 33 A.5 Azeotropic distillation 34 A.5.1 General . 34 A.5.2 Apparatus 34 A.5.3 Procedure 35 A.6 Calcium carbide te
21、st 35 A.6.1 General . 35 A.6.2 Apparatus 36 A.6.3 Procedure 36 Annex B (normative) Relative methods 41 B.1 Generalities 41 B.2 Electrical resistance (conductance) 41 B.3 Capacitance (dielectric) . 42 B.4 Relative humidity in equilibrium with the material . 43 B.4.1 General . 43 B.4.2 Drilled cavity
22、43 B.4.3 External sealed box (ESB) . 44 B.4.4 Apparatus 44 B.4.5 Procedure 44 Annex C (informative) Other relative methods 49 C.1 Generalities 49 C.2 Microwave . 49 C.3 Evanescent-field dielectrometry 50 C.4 Time-domain reflectometry . 50 C.5 Nuclear magnetic resonance 51 C.6 Near-infrared spectrosc
23、opy (NIRS) . 51 C.7 Ultrasound pulses 52 C.8 Thermography 52 Annex D (informative) Methods with special safety requirements 57 D.1 Generalities 57 D.2 X-ray 57 D.3 Gamma rays 58 D.4 Neutron scattering . 58 Bibliography . 61 DIN EN 16682:2017-05 EN 16682:2017 (E) 5 European foreword This document (EN
24、 16682:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of Cultural Heritage”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Septe
25、mber 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Acc
26、ording to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, German
27、y, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16682:2017-05 EN 16682:2017 (E) 6 Introduction The specific field of cultur
28、al heritage is characterized by particular needs and in most cases the existing standards devised for normal materials cannot be applied. The moisture content, or the water content, in materials is of primary relevance for the preservation of cultural heritage. High content can be very damaging (e.g
29、. salt dissolution and mobilization, fungal infestation, corrosion, swelling) as well as low content (e.g. salt crystallization, shrinkage, wood cracking) or alternating high/low content. It is therefore important to determine and control this variable to assess the risk of damage and take preventiv
30、e conservation measures. Different methods exist to measure moisture content, or water content, in modern building materials, based on different physical or chemical principles but most of them are not applicable to cultural heritage and need to be adapted to this aim. Generally, non-destructive met
31、hods are recommended but their accuracy may be limited. In turn, the most accurate methods require sampling and can only exceptionally be used. Readings taken with non-destructive methods may not be comparable especially because they are expressed in different units. The interpretation of measuremen
32、ts may be obscured by a number of factors (e.g. material, salts, temperature) to which the methods are subject. This European Standard considers and specifies characteristics, operative methodologies, pros and cons of all methods of measurements and establishes a uniform presentation of data and uni
33、ts. It is addressed to anyone who needs to measure or interpret readings of moisture content, or water content, in building materials (particularly masonry and wood), and in general to whoever is responsible for the preservation and maintenance of heritage buildings. DIN EN 16682:2017-05 EN 16682:20
34、17 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard is aimed to inform and assist users in the choice and use of the most appropriate method to obtain reliable measurements of the moisture content, or water content, in wood and masonry (including brickwork, stonework, concrete, gypsum, mortars, etc.) in the spe
35、cific case of the built cultural heritage. It provides a basic framework to take and interpret this kind of measurements on the above cultural heritage materials that have undergone weathering, pest attack, salt migration or other transformations over time. It specifies four absolute methods (i.e. g
36、ravimetric, Karl Fischer titration, azeotropic distillation and calcium carbide); explains their characteristics, pros and cons, and gives specifications for the transformation of readings into the same unit to make measurements taken with different methods comparable. It specifies the three princip
37、al relative methods (i.e. electrical resistance, capacitance, and relative humidity in equilibrium with the material), pointing out their characteristics and uncertainties when used in the field of cultural heritage. In addition, it provides an informative overview of ten other relative methods, the
38、ir characteristics, pros and cons. It gives specifications for the calibration of the various methods. It also compares the above methods in relation to their accuracy, sampling requirement, sample size, laboratory or field use, and other problems encountered in the field of cultural heritage to pre
39、vent instrument misuse, reduce uncertainties and avoid reading misinterpretation. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For unda
40、ted references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 374-1, Protective gloves against chemicals and micro-organisms - Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements EN 420:2003+A1:2009, Protective gloves - General requirements and test methods EN
41、 455-1:2000, Medical gloves for single use - Part 1: Requirements and testing for freedom from holes EN 772-10:1999, Methods of test for masonry units - Part 10: Determination of moisture content of calcium silicate and autoclaved aerated concrete units EN 837-1:1996, Pressure gauges - Part 1: Bourd
42、on tube pressure gauges - Dimensions, metrology, requirements and testing EN 1428:2012, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of water content in bituminous emulsions - Azeotropic distillation method EN 13183-1:2002, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber - Part 1: Determination by oven
43、 dry method EN 13183-2:2002, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber - Part 2: Estimation by electrical resistance method EN 13183-3:2005, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber - Part 3: Estimation by capacitance method DIN EN 16682:2017-05 EN 16682:2017 (E) 8 EN 15758:2010, Conservation of
44、Cultural Property - Procedures and instruments for measuring temperatures of the air and the surfaces of objects EN 15898:2011, Conservation of cultural property - Main general terms and definitions EN 16085:2012, Conservation of Cultural property - Methodology for sampling from materials of cultura
45、l property - General rules EN 16096:2012, Conservation of cultural property - Condition survey and report of built cultural heritage EN 16242:2012, Conservation of cultural heritage - Procedures and instruments for measuring humidity in the air and moisture exchanges between air and cultural propert
46、y EN ISO 10304-1:2009, Water quality - Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions - Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate (ISO 10304-1:2007) EN ISO 11461:2014, Soil quality - Determination of soil water content as a volu
47、me fraction using coring sleeves - Gravimetric method (ISO 11461:2001) EN ISO 13130:2011, Laboratory glassware - Desiccators (ISO 13130:2011) EN ISO 14911:1999, Water quality - Determination of dissolved Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ using ion chromatography - Method for water
48、and waste water (ISO 14911:1998) EN ISO 15512, Plastics - Determination of water content (ISO 15512) ISO 760:1978, Determination of water Karl Fischer method (General method) ISO 3567:2011, Vacuum gauges Calibration by direct comparison with a reference gauge ISO 5272:1979, Toluene for industrial us
49、e Specifications ISO 5280:1979, Xylene for industrial use Specification ISO 7183:2007, Compressed-air dryers Specifications and testing ISO 11465:1993, Soil quality Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis Gravimetric method ISO 16979:2003, Wood-based panels Determination of moisture content ISO Guide 34:2009, General requirements for the competence of reference material producers ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the
