1、July 2014 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 8No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13
2、.080.40!%2i“2159770www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 11461Soil quality Determination of soil water content as a volume fraction using coringsleeves Gravimetric method (ISO 11461:2001);English version EN ISO 11461:2014,English translation of DIN EN ISO 11461:2014-07Bodenbeschaffenheit Bestimmung des Wassergehalt
3、s des Bodens als Volumenanteil mittels Stechzylinder Gravimetrisches Verfahren (ISO 11461:2001);Englische Fassung EN ISO 11461:2014,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 11461:2014-07Qualit du sol Dtermination de la teneur en eau du sol en fraction volumique, laide de carottiers Mthode gravimtrique (I
4、SO 11461:2001);Version anglaise EN ISO 11461:2014,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 11461:2014-07SupersedesDIN ISO 11461:2002-05www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 11 pages06.14 DIN EN ISO 11461:2014-07 2 A comma is used as
5、the decimal marker. National foreword The text of ISO 11461:2001 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” and has been taken over as EN ISO 11461:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body
6、involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 119-01-02-02 UA Chemische und physikalische Verfahren of NA 119-01-02 AA Abfall- und Bodenuntersuchungen. Expert assistance and specialized laboratories will be required to perf
7、orm the analyses described in this standard. The DIN Standard corresponding to the International Standard referred to in this document is as follows: ISO 11465 DIN ISO 11465 Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 11461:2002-05 as follows: a) the Bibliography of the National Annex (NA) has bee
8、n updated; b) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN ISO 11461: 2002-05 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 11465, Soil quality Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis Gravimetric method EN ISO 11461March 2014 ICS 13.080.40 English Ver
9、sion Soil quality - Determination of soil water content as a volume fraction using coring sleeves - Gravimetric method(ISO 11461:2001) Qualit du sol - Dtermination de la teneur en eau du sol en fraction volumique, laide de carottiers - Mthode gravimtrique (ISO 11461:2001) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Besti
10、mmung des Wassergehalts des Bodens als Volumenanteil mittels Stechzylinder - Gravimetrisches Verfahren (ISO 11461:2001) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 March 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving thi
11、s European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official v
12、ersions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austr
13、ia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden
14、, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11461:2014 EEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE N
15、ORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMContents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Terms and definitions 4 3 Symbols 4 4 Principle 5 5 Apparatus . 5 6 Field sampling 5 7 Procedure . 6 8 Expression of results . 6 9 Accuracy and precision . 7 10 Test report 8
16、 Bibliography . 9 DIN EN ISO 11461:2014-07 EN ISO 11461:2014 (E) 2ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISOmember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technicalcom
17、mittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the I
18、nternational ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bod
19、ies for voting.Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject ofpatent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for iden
20、tifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard ISO 11461 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, SubcommitteeSC 5, Physical methods.DIN EN ISO 11461:2014-07EN ISO 11461:2014 (E)31 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for the gravimetric determinatio
21、n of soil water content as a volumefraction.The method is applicable to all types of non-swelling or non-shrinking soils where coring sleeves can be used forsampling. It is not applicable to soils where stones, tough roots or other factors prevent collection of soil cores. It isused as a reference m
22、ethod (e.g. the calibration of indirect methods for determination of water content).NOTE The determination of water content as a mass fraction is described in ISO 11465.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1water content
23、volume fractionvolume of water evaporating from the soil when dried to constant mass at , divided by the original bulk volumeof the soilNOTE The water content volume fraction is sometimes also referred to as “volumetric water content”.2.2constant massmass reached when during the drying process the d
24、ifference between two successive weighings of the sample, aftera drying interval of , does not exceed (mass fraction) of the last determined massNOTE Usually to is sufficient for drying most soils to constant mass, but certain soil types and large or very wetsamples will require longer.3Symbolsmass,
25、 expressed in kilogramsvolume, expressed in cubic metressample standard deviation of variablestandard deviation of the errors in variablewater content volume fractiondensity of water, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre ( )105C4 h 0,1 %16 h 24 hmVsxxxxwkg m3DIN EN ISO 11461:2014-07 EN ISO 11461:2
26、014 (E) 44PrincipleSoil samples of known volume are dried to constant mass at . The difference in the mass of the soilsample, before and after the drying procedure, is taken as a measure of the water content. The water content iscalculated as a volume fraction.NOTE Organic matter can oxidize during
27、drying. This has no significant effect on the water content determined. However, dryingat lower temperatures, e.g. , can lead to significantly lower values of the water content. Hence, drying at a temperature lowerthan is not recommended.5 Apparatus5.1 Drying oven, thermostatically controlled with f
28、orced air ventilation and capable of maintaining a temperature of. Differences in temperature between various positions in the oven shall be less than .NOTE By measuring the temperature at the centre of a sample during or directly after the drying procedure using a thinthermocouple with low thermal
29、capacity, it is possible to determine whether the oven is working efficiently. These measurementsshould be carried out on dry samples, to prevent temperature differences due to evaporation.5.2 Desiccator with an active drying agent.5.3 Balance, capable of weighing accurately to within of the mass of
30、 the dried sample.5.4 Coring sleeves, of known volume, fitted with water- and vapour-tight caps of known mass to preventevaporation of water from the samples.Each sleeve shall have a sharp cutting edge or shall be used with a holder with a sharp cutting edge. The volume ofeach coring sleeve shall be
31、 greater than . The precise dimensions of the coring sleeves will depend on thegoal of the investigation.5.5 Pushing rod, for the coring sleeves.5.6 Dishes of known mass, to support the soil in the coring sleeves while handling them in the laboratory.6 Field sampling6.1 GeneralFor the direct determi
32、nation of water content volume fraction, a sample of known volume is required and coringsleeves are therefore used for sample collection.The size of the coring sleeves and the number of samples required will be governed by the objectives of theinvestigation and usually the need to represent the soil
33、 more generally; one should take into account the size of thestructural elements of the soil and its variability.Samples shall be collected, transported and stored so that their water content does not change from that at the timeof sampling.6.2 Sampling procedureIn the field, take the soil samples b
34、y pushing coring sleeves (5.4) into the soil either directly or using a holder. Extracteach soil-filled sleeve carefully from the soil. Trim any soil protruding from the sleeve using a straight knife. Discardsoil cores that are either compacted or incomplete. The pushing rod (5.5) may be used for sa
35、mpling at depth. Coverboth ends of the coring sleeves. Use water- and vapour-tight caps (5.4), in order to prevent evaporation of waterduring transport to the laboratory.(105 5)C60C105C(105 5)C 5C0,1 %20 cm3DIN EN ISO 11461:2014-07EN ISO 11461:2014 (E)57 ProcedureCAUTION With samples from contaminat
36、ed soils, avoid any contact with the skin and use ventilation andextraction during the drying process to prevent contamination of the laboratory atmosphere and othersamples.7.1 Using the balance (5.3), determine the mass, , of the soil-filled coring sleeve with caps as soon as possibleafter sampling
37、, to prevent errors due to evaporation of soil water.7.2 Remove the upper cap. Place a dish of known mass (5.6; or similar device) on the sleeve to support the soil.Turn over the sample and remove the other cover. Ensure that no soil remains on the caps. If necessary, transfer thatsoil to the soil i
38、n the coring sleeve. Place the coring sleeve with dish in the drying oven. Ensure that the oven is set toa temperature of . Ensure that the water vapour can escape and that the temperature does not vary more thanthroughout the oven. Let the sample dry for at least .7.3 Take the soil-filled coring sl
39、eeve with dish out of the oven and place them in a desiccator (5.2) containing anactive drying agent. Transport the desiccator to the balance (5.3). Determine the mass of the soil-filled coring sleevewith dish.7.4 Replace the soil-filled coring sleeve with dish in the oven for an additional and repe
40、at the drying-weighingprocedure until the difference in two successive weighings does not exceed of the last determined mass of thedried sample, .8 Expression of resultsCalculate the total mass of the field-wet soil, sleeve and dish:whereis the mass of the caps, in kilograms;is the mass of the dish,
41、 in kilograms;is the total mass of the field-wet soil, sleeve and caps, in kilograms;is the total mass of the field-wet soil, sleeve and dish, in kilograms.The water content volume fraction is given by the equation:whereis the water content volume fraction;is the total mass of the oven-dry soil, sle
42、eve and dish, in kilograms;is the total mass of the field-wet soil, sleeve and dish, in kilograms;is the density of water at soil temperature, in kilograms per cubic metre;is the volume of the coring sleeve, in cubic metres.mtot0105C5C164h0,1 %mtot1mtot2= mtot0mcap+mdishmcapmdishmtot0mtot2=mtot2mtot
43、1wVmtot1mtot2wVDIN EN ISO 11461:2014-07 EN ISO 11461:2014 (E) 69 Accuracy and precision9.1 GeneralIn the procedure stated for the determination of volumetric water content, the main factors that may influence thewater content measurement are sampling, transport, laboratory treatment and density of w
44、ater.9.2 Samplinga) Compaction and/or disturbance of the sample may influence the measurement. Various factors including thecompressibility of the soil, the presence of stones and the sharpness of the cutting edge influence whether asample is disturbed and/or compacted to some extent during sampling
45、. These factors may cause variable and/orsystematic errors in time and space. The variable (i.e. coincidental) error component occurs in time and space( , ) with respect to : . Systematic errors may occur and if possible, a correction should beestablished for these. The uncertainty in this correctio
46、n should then be applied as the final systematic error,hence: corr. .b) A deviation in the sample volume due to imperfect cutting of the sample results in a variable error of the type.c) Poor precision of the volume of the sample sleeve may influence the measurement. One should establish acorrection
47、 for this effect, hence: corr. .9.3 TransportEvaporation of water from moist soil samples or sorption of water from the air by relatively dry samples may occurdue to poor closure of the coring sleeve caps and/or a too long period for transport or storage. The susceptibility ofthe sample to such wate
48、r content changes is influenced by its water content. It results in a correction as in 9.2 a),hence: corr. .9.4 Laboratory analysisa) Poor precision of the weighing balance results in a variable error in both weighings, hence: and.b) Weighing errors in the mass of dishes and caps result in systemati
49、c errors in , hence corr. .c) Loss of sample mass, due to soil grains sticking to the caps when removing them, results in a variable error in,hence .d) Volatilization of substances other than water on heating at may influence the measurement. In soilswhere this process is important, establish a correction for the effect, hence: corr. .e) Sorption of moist air, due to too long a time between removing the sample from the desiccator and the secondweighing, also calls for a corr
