1、November 2016 English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75.160.40!%v%“2588302www.din.de
2、DIN EN ISO 16993Solid biofuels Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another (ISO 16993:2016);English version EN ISO 16993:2016,English translation of DIN EN ISO 16993:2016-11Biogene Festbrennstoffe Umwandlung von Analysenergebnissen einer Bezugsbasis in Ergebnisse mit anderer Bezugsbas
3、is (ISO 16993:2016);Englische Fassung EN ISO 16993:2016,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 16993:2016-11Biocombustibles solides Conversion de rsultats analytiques dune base en une autre base (ISO 16993:2016);Version anglaise EN ISO 16993:2016,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 16993:2016-11Supersede
4、sDIN EN ISO 16993:201507www.beuth.deDocument comprises 19 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.11.16 DIN EN ISO 16993:2016-11 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 16993:201
5、6) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Materialprfung (DIN Standards Committee Materials
6、Testing), Working Committee NA 062-05-82 AA Biogene Festbrennstoffe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 5725-2 DIN ISO 5725-2 ISO 14780 E DIN EN ISO 14780 ISO 16948:2015 DIN EN ISO 16948:2015-09 ISO 16967 DIN EN ISO 16967 I
7、SO 16994 DIN EN ISO 16994 ISO 17225-1 DIN EN ISO 17225-1 ISO 18122 DIN EN ISO 18122 ISO 18125 E DIN EN ISO 18125 ISO 18134-1 DIN EN ISO 18134-1 ISO 18134-2 DIN EN ISO 18134-2 ISO 18134-3 DIN EN ISO 18134-3 ISO/IEC 17025 DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 NOTE Some of these ISO Standards are still in preparation a
8、nd the final versions have not yet been published. Please note that the title of the final version of this document may differ from that of the draft version. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 16993:2015-07 as follows: a) a formula in Annex C has been corrected; b) the Bibliography ha
9、s been corrected and updated; c) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 15296: 2006-06 DIN EN 15296: 2011-04 DIN EN ISO 16993: 2015-07 DIN EN ISO 16993:2016-11 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 16948:2015-09, Solid biofuels Determination of to
10、tal content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (ISO 16948:2015) DIN EN ISO 16967, Solid biofuels Determination of major elements Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Si, Na and Ti DIN EN ISO 16994, Solid biofuels Determination of total content of sulphur and chlorine DIN EN ISO 17225-1, Solid biofuels Fuel specifica
11、tions and classes Part 1: General requirements DIN EN ISO 18122, Solid biofuels Determination of ash content DIN EN ISO 18134-1, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference method DIN EN ISO 18134-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture conte
12、nt Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method DIN EN ISO 18134-3, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories DIN ISO 5
13、725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method E DIN EN ISO 147801), Solid biofuels Sample preparation E DIN EN ISO 181251), Solid biofuels Determination of c
14、alorific value 1)Under preparation. DIN EN ISO 16993:2016-11 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16993 July 2016 ICS 75.160.10; 27.190 Supersedes EN ISO 16993:2015English Version Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis
15、to another (ISO 16993:2016) Biocombustibles solides - Conversion de rsultats analytiques dune base en une autre base(ISO 16993:2016) Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Umwandlung von Analysenergebnissen einer Bezugsbasis in Ergebnisse mit anderer Bezugsbasis (ISO 16993:2016) This European Standard was approv
16、ed by CEN on 25 June 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national sta
17、ndards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and
18、notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary
19、, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC
20、 Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16993:2016 EEuropean foreword .3Introduction 51 Scope . 62 Normative references 63 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 64 Pr
21、inciple 75 Calculations for analyses of solid biofuels . 75.1 General . 75.2 Extra calculations for hydrogen, oxygen, and net calorific value 75.2.1 Hydrogen 75.2.2 Oxygen 75.2.3 Net calorific value . 85.3 General formulae for the conversion from one basis to another basis. 8Annex A (informative) To
22、ols for integrity check 9Annex B (informative) Tables with units and conversion factors . 12Annex C (informative) Guideline for the use of validation parameters 13Bibliography .15Contents PageForeword 4DIN EN ISO 16993:2016-11 EN ISO 16993:2016 (E) 2 European foreword This document (EN ISO 16993:201
23、6) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text o
24、r by endorsement, at the latest by January 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible
25、 for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 16993:2015. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, C
26、zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United King
27、dom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16993:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16993:2016 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 16993:2016-11 EN ISO 16993:2016 (E) 3 ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO mem
28、ber bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmen
29、tal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
30、are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is
31、 drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
32、 on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity asses
33、sment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.This second edition cancels and replaces the first e
34、dition (ISO 16993:2015), of which it constitutes a minor revision.DIN EN ISO 16993:2016-11 EN ISO 16993:2016 (E) 4 IntroductionIn the International Standards covering the analysis of solid biofuels, it is generally specified that the determination is intended to be carried out on the air-dried or in
35、 air-equilibrated general analysis test sample prepared according to ISO 14780. However, in making use of these analyses, it is necessary to express the results on dry basis and sometimes, also on some other basis. The bases in common use for solid biofuels are “air-dried” (sometimes stated as “as d
36、etermined”), “as received” (sometimes stated “as sampled” or “as delivered”), “dry”, and “dry, ash free”.DIN EN ISO 16993:2016-11 EN ISO 16993:2016 (E) 5 1 ScopeThis International Standard gives formulae which allow analytical data relating to solid biofuels to be expressed on the different bases in
37、 common use. Consideration is given to corrections that can be applied to certain determined values for solid biofuels prior to their calculation to other bases.In Annex A, tools for integrity checks of analytical results are given. In Annex B, conversion factors for calculation into other units are
38、 given. Annex C is a guideline for the use of validation parameters as can be found in ISO/TC 238 analytical standards.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only
39、 the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 16948:2015, Solid biofuels Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogenISO 16994, Solid biofuels Determination of total content of sulphur and c
40、hlorineISO 18122, Solid biofuels Determination of ash contentISO 181251), Solid biofuels Determination of calorific valueISO 18134-1, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference methodISO 18134-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content
41、Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified methodISO 18134-3, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample3 Symbols and abbreviated termsThe symbols employed in the subsequent clauses are as follows, with the suffixes “ad” (air-d
42、ried), “ar” (as received), “d” (dry), and “daf” (dry, ash free), where appropriate.A ash (percentage by mass) according to ISO 18122C total carbon content (percentage by mass) according to ISO 16948Cl total chlorine content (percentage by mass) according to ISO 16994qp,netnet calorific value at cons
43、tant pressure (J/g) according to ISO 18125H total hydrogen content (percentage by mass) according to ISO 169481) To be published.DIN EN ISO 16993:2016-11 EN ISO 16993:2016 (E) 6 M moisture content (percentage by mass) according to ISO 18134-1, ISO 18134-2, and ISO 18134-3N total nitrogen content (pe
44、rcentage by mass) according to ISO 16948O total oxygen content (percentage by mass)S total sulfur content (percentage by mass) according to ISO 169944 PrincipleIn order to convert an analytical result expressed as one basis to another basis, it is multiplied by a factor calculated from the appropria
45、te formulae (see Table 1), after insertion of the requisite numerical values into the formula in question.5 Calculations for analyses of solid biofuels5.1 GeneralMost analytical values on a particular basis can be converted to any other basis by multiplying it by a factor calculated from the appropr
46、iate formula given in Table 1, after insertion of the requisite numerical values into the formula in question. However, for some parameters, there is a direct involvement of the moisture content. In these cases, a correction (as specified in 5.2) of the air-dried result shall be carried out before c
47、alculation to dry basis or dry, ash-free basis. Also, if a result for these parameters expressed on a dry or a dry, ash-free basis is to be recalculated to a moist basis, the corrections stated in 5.2 shall be added back to the actual moist basis after applying the appropriate formula from Table 1.5
48、.2 Extra calculations for hydrogen, oxygen, and net calorific value5.2.1 HydrogenThe hydrogen content determined on the air-dried basis (Had, as analysed) includes both the hydrogen content of the combustible part of the solid biofuel, as well as the hydrogen present in the sample as moisture (total hydrogen content). Befor
