1、Juni 2007DEUTSCHE NORM Normenausschuss Bauwesen (NABau) im DINPreisgruppe 21DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Jede Art der Vervielfltigung, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmigung des DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V., Berlin, gestattet.ICS 35.240.70!,wpH“9847737www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 19123G
2、eoinformation Coverage Geometrie- und Funktionsschema (ISO 19123:2005);Englische Fassung EN ISO 19123:2007Geographic information Schema for coverage geometry and functions (ISO 19123:2005);English version EN ISO 19123:2007Information gographique Schma de la gomtrie et des fonctions de couverture (IS
3、O 19123:2005);Version anglaise EN ISO 19123:2007Alleinverkauf der Normen durch Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin www.beuth.deGesamtumfang 75 SeitenDIN EN ISO 19123:2007-06 2 Nationales Vorwort Der Text von ISO 19123:2005 wurde vom Technischen Komitee ISO/TC 211 Geoinformation/Geomatik“ er-arbeitet und
4、 als EN ISO 19123:2007 vom Technischen Komitee CEN/TC 287 Geoinformation“ bernommen, dessen Sekretariat vom NEN (Niederlande) gehalten wird. Der Text von ISO 19123:2005 wurde von CEN als EN ISO 19123:2007 ohne nderungen angenommen. Der fr die deutsche Mitarbeit zustndige Arbeitsausschuss im DIN Deut
5、sches Institut fr Normung e. V. ist der als Spiegelausschuss zum CEN/TC 287 und ISO/TC 211 eingesetzte Arbeitsausschuss NA 005-03-03 AA Kartographie und Geoinformation“ des Normenausschusses Bauwesen (NABau). Das Prsidium des DIN hat mit seinem Beschluss 1/2004 festgelegt, dass von dem in den Regeln
6、 der europ-ischen Normungsarbeit von CEN/CENELEC verankerten Grundsatz, wonach Europische Normen in den drei offiziellen Sprachen Deutsch, Englisch und Franzsisch verffentlicht werden, in begrndeten Ausnahmefl-len abgewichen und auf die deutsche Sprachfassung verzichtet werden kann. Die Genehmigung
7、dafr hat die DIN-Geschftsleitung entsprechend ihren in Anlage 1 zu dem DIN-Rundschreiben A 5/2004 festgelegten Kriterien fr die vorliegende Norm auf Antrag des NABau-FB 03 Ver-messungswesen; Geoinformation“ erteilt. Allgemeines Geographische Informationen werden, historisch gesehen, unterschieden in
8、 die beiden grundlegenden Typen Rasterdaten und Vektordaten. Letztere werden blicherweise als eine Sammlung diskreter Geo-Objekte (Fea-tures) (z. B. Straen, Gebude) verstanden, die jeweils durch geometrische Primitive (wie Punkte, Linien oder Flchen) und weitere Attribute beschrieben werden. Rasterd
9、aten hingegen reprsentieren blicherweise Ph-nomene, deren Eigenschaften sich bezglich der Geometrie kontinuierlich ndern (z. B. Farbwerte in Luftbil-dern, Temperaturverteilungen, Hhenwerte in Digitalen Gelndemodellen). Die Benennung Coverage“, die in dieser Norm verwendet wird, bringt beide Konzepte
10、 zusammen, indem hierunter ein Geo-Objekt verstanden wird, das fr jede seiner Eigenschaften multiple Werte beinhaltet, die wiederum jeweils mit einer bestimmten geometrischen (und/oder zeitlichen) Position verknpft sind (soge-nannte Geometrie-Wert-Paare). Dies fhrt dazu, dass viele Geoinformationen
11、sowohl als Sammlung von Geo-Objekten als auch als Coverage definiert werden knnen. So kann z. B. die Information zur Bodenqualitt in einer Menge von flchenhaften Geo-Objekten modelliert werden oder alternativ in einem einzigen Coverage-Objekt mit Geometrie-Werte-Paaren, die jeweils eine Flche und ei
12、nen Qualittswert beinhalten. Fr viele Arten von Coverages ist es sinnvoll, zustzlich zu den Geometrie-Werte-Paaren noch eine Funktion anzugeben, die einen Wert fr jede eingegebene Position zurckgibt (Coverage-Funktion). Bekanntestes An-wendungsbeispiel hierfr sind Digitale Gelndemodelle, die in der
13、Regel in einem Gitter vorliegen, und die fr Positionen auerhalb des Gitters eine Interpolationsvorschrift zur Berechnung des plausibelsten Hhenwerts definieren knnen. Coverages sind in vielen Anwendungsgebieten das vorherrschende Modellierungsmuster, so z. B. in den Be-reichen Fernerkundung, Meteoro
14、logie, Hydrographie, Hhen- oder Gelndemodelle, Boden- und Vegetations-informationen. Die vorliegende Norm legt ein konzeptuelles Schema fr die Modellierung von Coverages fest. DIN EN ISO 19123:2007-06 3 Nationaler Anhang NA (informativ) Englisch-deutsche Fachwrterliste application Anwendung, Anwendu
15、ngsbereich application schema Konzeptuelles Schema der Anwendung conceptual model Konzeptuelles Modell; Modell, das die Konzepte eines Anwendungs-bereichs beschreibt conceptual schema Formale Beschreibung eines konzeptuellen Modells coverage Geo-Objekt, das ber eine Funktion (Coverage-Function) zu j
16、eder Position einen Wert aus seinem Wertevorrat beschreibt domain Wohl definierter Bereich (geometrisch und/oder zeitlich) feature Geo-Objekt, Fachobjekt, Abstraktion einer real vorkommenden Erscheinung feature attribute Attribut/Eigenschaft eines Fachobjekts feature operation Operation, welche jede
17、 Objektinstanz ausfhren kann (Methode) function Regel, welche jeder Position im Bereich (domain) des Coverage einen Wert aus dem Wertevorrat (range) des Coverage zuweist model Abstraktion von Teilen der realen Welt (Modell) point coverage Coverage, welche als Geometrie (domain) nur Punkte enthlt pol
18、ygon coverage Coverage, welche als Geometrie (domain) nur Flchen enthlt range Wertevorrat des Coverage (Attributarten und -werte) TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) Unregelmiges Netz aus Dreiecken DIN EN ISO 19123:2007-06 4 Leerseite EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 19123March
19、 2007ICS 35.240.70English VersionGeographic information - Schema for coverage geometry andfunctions (ISO 19123:2005)Information gographique - Schma de la gomtrie et desfonctions de couverture (ISO 19123:2005)Geoinformation - Coverage Geometrie- undFunktionsschema (ISO 19123:2005)This European Standa
20、rd was approved by CEN on 25 February 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning su
21、ch nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language
22、and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembour
23、g, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of e
24、xploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 19123:2007: EEN ISO 19123:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Conformance6 3 Normative references 7 4 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and notation7 4.1 Terms and defin
25、itions .7 4.2 Abbreviated terms 12 4.3 Notation . 12 5 Fundamental characteristics of coverages 12 5.1 The context for coverages . 12 5.2 The coverage schema 14 5.3 CV_Coverage. 15 5.4 CV_DomainObject. 18 5.5 CV_AttributeValues 18 5.6 CV_CommonPointRule 19 5.7 CV_DiscreteCoverage 19 5.8 CV_GeometryV
26、aluePair 20 5.9 CV_ContinuousCoverage 21 5.10 CV_ValueObject 22 5.11 CV_InterpolationMethod 23 5.12 Subclasses of CV_ContinuousCoverage . 23 6 Discrete coverages. 23 6.1 Discrete coverage types 23 6.2 CV_DiscretePointCoverage . 24 6.3 CV_PointValuePair 25 6.4 CV_DiscreteGridPointCoverage 25 6.5 CV_G
27、ridPointValuePair 26 6.6 CV_DiscreteCurveCoverage 26 6.7 CV_CurveValuePair 27 6.8 CV_DiscreteSurfaceCoverage. 27 6.9 CV_SurfaceValuePair . 29 6.10 CV_DiscreteSolidCoverage . 29 6.11 CV_SolidValuePair 29 7 Thiessen polygon coverage 30 7.1 Thiessen polygon networks 30 7.2 CV_ThiessenPolygonCoverage. 3
28、0 7.3 CV_ThiessenValuePolygon . 32 8 Quadrilateral grid coverages. 32 8.1 General. 32 8.2 Quadrilateral grid geometry. 32 8.3 CV_Grid 35 8.4 CV_GridEnvelope 36 8.5 CV_GridPoint. 37 8.6 CV_GridCoordinate 37 8.7 CV_GridCell. 37 EN ISO 19123:2007 (E) 3 Page 8.8 CV_Footprint38 8.9 CV_RectifiedGrid.39 8.
29、10 CV_ReferenceableGrid39 8.11 CV_ContinousQuadrilateralGridCoverage .40 8.12 CV_GridValueCell42 8.13 CV_GridPointValuePair.42 8.14 CV_GridValuesMatrix42 8.15 CV_SequenceRule.43 8.16 CV_SequenceType 44 9 Hexagonal Grid Coverages 44 9.1 General .44 9.2 CV_HexagonalGridCoverage .45 9.3 CV_GridValuesMa
30、trix47 9.4 CV_ValueHexagon.47 10 Triangulated irregular network (TIN) coverages 47 10.1 General .47 10.2 CV_TINCoverage .49 10.3 CV_ValueTriangle49 11 Segmented curve coverages50 11.1 General .50 11.2 CV_SegmentedCurveCoverage .51 11.3 CV_ValueCurve51 11.4 CV_ValueSegment.52 11.5 Evaluation 52 Annex
31、 A (normative) Abstract test suite 53 Annex B (informative) UML Notation 57 Annex C (informative) Interpolation methods62 Annex D (informative) Sequential enumeration.66 Bibliography71 EN ISO 19123:2007 (E) 4 Foreword The text of ISO 19123:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Ge
32、ographic information/Geomatics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 19123:2007 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information“, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national
33、 standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following co
34、untries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, S
35、pain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 19123:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19123:2007 without any modifications. EN ISO 19123:2007 (E) 5 Introduction Geographic phenomena fall into two broad categories discrete and continuous. Discrete phenomena ar
36、e recognizable objects that have relatively well-defined boundaries or spatial extent. Examples include buildings, streams and measurement stations. Continuous phenomena vary over space and have no specific extent. Examples include temperature, soil composition and elevation. A value or description
37、of a continuous phenomenon is only meaningful at a particular position in space (and possibly time). Temperature, for example, takes on specific values only at defined locations, whether measured or interpolated from other locations. These concepts are not mutually exclusive. In fact, many component
38、s of the landscape may be viewed alternatively as discrete or continuous. For example, a stream is a discrete entity, but its flow rate and water quality index vary from one position to another. Similarly, a highway can be thought of as a feature or as a collection of observations measuring accident
39、s or traffic flow, and an agricultural field is both a spatial object and a set of measurements of crop yield through time. Historically, geographic information has been treated in terms of two fundamental types called vector data and raster data. “Vector data” deals with discrete phenomena, each of
40、 which is conceived of as a feature. The spatial characteristics of a discrete real-world phenomenon are represented by a set of one or more geometric primitives (points, curves, surfaces or solids). Other characteristics of the phenomenon are recorded as feature attributes. Usually, a single featur
41、e is associated with a single set of attribute values. ISO 19107:2003 provides a schema for describing features in terms of geometric and topological primitives. “Raster data”, on the other hand, deals with real-world phenomena that vary continuously over space. It contains a set of values, each ass
42、ociated with one of the elements in a regular array of points or cells. It is usually associated with a method for interpolating values at spatial positions between the points or within the cells. Since this data structure is not the only one that can be used to represent phenomena that vary continu
43、ously over space, this International Standard uses the term “coverage,” adopted from the Abstract Specification of the Open GIS Consortium 1, to refer to any data representation that assigns values directly to spatial position. A coverage is a function from a spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal doma
44、in to an attribute range. A coverage associates a position within its domain to a record of values of defined data types. In this International Standard, coverage is a subtype of feature. A coverage is a feature that has multiple values for each attribute type, where each direct position within the
45、geometric representation of the feature has a single value for each attribute type. Just as the concepts of discrete and continuous phenomena are not mutually exclusive, their representations as discrete features or coverages are not mutually exclusive. The same phenomenon may be represented as eith
46、er a discrete feature or a coverage. A city may be viewed as a discrete feature that returns a single value for each attribute, such as its name, area and total population. The city feature may also be represented as a coverage that returns values such as population density, land value or air qualit
47、y index for each position in the city. A coverage, moreover, can be derived from a collection of discrete features with common attributes, the values of the coverage at each position being the values of the attributes of the feature located at that position. Conversely, a collection of discrete feat
48、ures can be derived from a coverage, each discrete feature being composed of a set of positions associated with specified attribute values. EN ISO 19123:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope This International Standard defines a conceptual schema for the spatial characteristics of coverages. Coverages support mapping
49、from a spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal domain to feature attribute values where feature attribute types are common to all geographic positions within the domain. A coverage domain consists of a collection of direct positions in a coordinate space that may be defined in terms of up to three spatial dimensions as well as a temporal dimension. Examples of coverages include rasters, triangulated irregular networks, point coverages and polygon coverages. Coverages are the prevailing data structures in
