1、February 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 16No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 01.040.07; 01.040.35; 07.040; 35.240.70!$my4“1748617www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 19146Geographic information Cross-domain vocabularies (ISO 19146:2010)English translation of DIN EN ISO 19146:2011-02Geoinformation Themenbergreifendes Vokabular (ISO 19146:2010)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 19146:201
3、1-02Information gographique Vocabulaires interdomaines (ISO 19146:2010)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 19146:2011-02www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.3703.11 DIN EN ISO 19146:2011-02 2 National foreword This documen
4、t has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information/Geomatics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic information” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Buildin
5、g and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 005-03-03 AA Kartographie und Geo-information. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 19146 November 2010 ICS 35.240.70 English Version Geographic information Cross-domain vocabularies (ISO 19146:2010) Information g
6、ographique Vocabulaires interdomaines (ISO 19146:2010) Geoinformation Themenbergreifendes Vokabular (ISO 19146:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 October 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
7、 European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official ve
8、rsions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austri
9、a, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPE
10、AN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 19146:2010: EContents DIN EN
11、 ISO 19146:2011-02 EN ISO 19146:2010 (E) 2 Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Conformance5 3 Normative references 5 4 Terms and definitions .6 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms 10 6 Semantic interoperability of geographic information10 6.1 Introduction10 6.2 Principles for cross-mapping of voc
12、abularies .11 7 Approach 12 7.1 Concepts, definitions and terms12 7.2 Concept systems .13 7.3 Domains, uniqueness and cross-mapping .14 8 Vocabulary cross-mapping.15 8.1 Introduction15 8.2 Governance 16 8.3 Reference vocabulary .16 8.4 Cross-mapping process17 8.5 Documentation and publication.18 9 V
13、ocabulary register .19 9.1 Overview.19 9.2 Register management .19 9.3 Register schema 20 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite.29 Annex B (informative) Cross-mapping examples 31 Bibliography 35 Foreword This document (EN ISO 19146:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geograp
14、hic information/Geomatics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Ma
15、y 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent right
16、s. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irel
17、and, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 19146:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 19146:2010 without any modification. EN ISO 1914
18、6:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 19146:2011-02 3 Introduction A common language is an essential prerequisite to effective communication. However, a simple knowledge of a languages vocabulary is insufficient to ensure communication integrity. A word can have several meanings depending on the context in which it
19、 is used. Similarly, a concept can be referenced by several words, each communicating a different connotation or level of emphasis. The issues associated with the correct use of language extend far beyond day-to-day communication. Every field of endeavour, from engineering to cookery, has its own te
20、chnical language and vocabulary. In order to participate in discussions on a subject, it is necessary to understand both the subjects terminology and the context in which it is to be used. The imprecise use of technical or professional language (for example, by using two terms interchangeably when,
21、in fact, they have distinctly different connotations) gives rise to the same traps and dangers associated with the inappropriate use of a spoken language. This International Standard establishes a methodology for cross-mapping technical vocabularies that have been adopted by industry-focussed geospa
22、tial communities (for example, geospatial communities supporting the transport or utilities industries). The processes relate to the unique identification of concepts and ensuring the existence of monosemic relations between concepts and designations. The methodology aims to ensure the consistent us
23、e of cross-mapping processes when associating disparate geospatial vocabularies and identifying synonyms. It is not the objective of this International Standard to define an ontology or taxonomy for geographic information and geomatics. Its purpose is to provide rules for ensuring consistency when i
24、mplementing cross-mapping processes. The rules, however, have been developed with regard to taxonomic and ontological concepts and with a view to enabling semantic interoperability. Their application to vocabulary cross-mapping, therefore, can be expected to provide input to any future ontology/taxo
25、nomy initiatives. This International Standard applies the provisions of ISO 19135 to the registration of geospatial concepts. An online register of cross-mapped terminology entries, conforming to the requirements of ISO 19135, is associated with this International Standard. Administrative arrangemen
26、ts for the population and maintenance of the online register are beyond the scope of this International Standard. However, the provisions of ISO 19135 relating to the maintenance of registers apply. This International Standard adopts terms and concepts that are taken from UML and terminology theory
27、and practice. A cross-mapping between the two terminologies can be found in ISO/TR 24156:2008. EN ISO 19146:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 19146:2011-02 4 1 Scope This International Standard defines a methodology for cross-mapping technical vocabularies that have been adopted by industry-specific geospatial co
28、mmunities. It also specifies an implementation of ISO 19135 for the registration of geographic information concepts for the purpose of integrating multiple domain-based vocabularies. Methodologies for the development of ontologies and taxonomies that relate to geographic information and geomatics ar
29、e not within the scope of this International Standard. 2 Conformance Any vocabulary cross-mapping that claims conformance to this International Standard shall satisfy all of the conditions specified in the following abstract test suites: a) Annex A of this International Standard, and b) ISO 19135:20
30、05, A.1 and A.2 for conformance to ISO 19135. A vocabulary cross-mapping register established by ISO/TC 211 shall, in addition, satisfy all of the conditions specified in the ISO 19135 abstract test suite for registers established by ISO/TC 211 as specified in ISO 19135:2005, A.3. 3 Normative refere
31、nces The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information Co
32、nceptual schema language ISO/TS 19104:2008, Geographic information Terminology ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information Metadata ISO 19135:2005, Geographic information Procedures for item registration EN ISO 19146:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 19146:2011-02 5 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this doc
33、ument, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 associative concept system concept system based on associative, i.e. thematic or pragmatic, relations NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 12620:1999. NOTE 2 An associative relation exists between the concepts “education” and “teaching”, “baking” and “oven”.
34、4.2 characteristic abstraction of a property of an object or of a set of objects ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.4 NOTE Characteristics are used for describing concepts. 4.3 concept unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.1 NOTE Concepts a
35、re not necessarily bound to particular languages. They are, however, influenced by the social or cultural background which often leads to different categorizations. 4.4 concept system system of concepts set of concepts structured according to the relations among them ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.
36、11 4.5 cross-mapping comparison of terminology entries from different domains to determine their semantic equivalence 4.6 definition representation of a concept by a descriptive statement which serves to differentiate it from related concepts ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.3.1 4.7 delimiting characte
37、ristic essential characteristic used for distinguishing a concept from related concepts ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.7 NOTE The delimiting characteristic support for the back may be used for distinguishing the concepts “stool” and “chair”. EN ISO 19146:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 19146:2011-02 6 4.8 desi
38、gnation designator representation of a concept by a sign which denotes it ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.4.1 NOTE In terminology work three types of designations are distinguished: symbols, appellations and terms. 4.9 domain general vocabulary distinct area of human knowledge to which a terminologica
39、l record is assigned NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 12620:1999. NOTE 2 Within a database or other terminology collection, a set of domains will generally be defined. More than one domain can be associated with a given concept. 4.10 domain concept concept that is associated with a specific domain NOTE A con
40、cept may be associated with several domains and separately identified as a domain concept in relation to each. 4.11 essential characteristic characteristic which is indispensable to understanding a concept ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.6 4.12 general concept concept which corresponds to two or mor
41、e objects which form a group by reason of common properties ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.3 NOTE Examples of general concepts are “planet”, “tower”. 4.13 generic concept concept in a generic relation having the narrower intension ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.15 4.14 generic concept system conce
42、pt system in which concepts that belong to the category of the narrower concept are part of the extension of the broader concept NOTE Adapted from ISO 12620:1999. 4.15 generic relation genus-species relation relation between two concepts where the intension of one of the concepts includes that of th
43、e other concept and at least one additional delimiting characteristic ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.21 NOTE A generic relation exists between the concepts “word” and “pronoun”, “vehicle” and “car”, “person” and “child”. EN ISO 19146:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 19146:2011-02 7 4.16 homonymy relation betwee
44、n designations and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more unrelated concepts ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.4.25 NOTE 1 An example of homonymy is: bark 1 “sound made by a dog” 2 “outside covering of the stem of woody plants” 3 “sailing vessel” NOTE 2 The designat
45、ions in the relation of homonymy are called homonyms. 4.17 intension set of characteristics which makes up the concept ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.9 4.18 monosemy relation between designations and concepts in a given language in which one designation only relates to one concept ISO 1087-1:2000,
46、definition 3.4.23 NOTE The designations in the relation of monosemy are called monosemes. 4.19 partitive relation part-whole relation relation between two concepts where one of the concepts constitutes the whole and the other concept a part of that whole ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.22 NOTE A par
47、titive relation exists between the concepts “week” and “day”, “molecule” and “atom”. 4.20 polysemy relation between designations and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more concepts sharing certain characteristics ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.4.24 NOTE 1 An exam
48、ple of polysemy is: bridge 1 “structure to carry traffic over a gap” 2 “part of a string instrument” 3 “dental plate” NOTE 2 The designation in the relation of polysemy are called polysemes. EN ISO 19146:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 19146:2011-02 8 4.21 subordinate concept narrower concept concept which is e
49、ither a specific concept or a partitive concept ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.14 4.22 superordinate concept broader concept concept which is either a generic concept or a comprehensive concept ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.13 4.23 synonymy relation between or among terms in a given language representing the same concept ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.4.19 NOTE 1 The relation of synonymy exists, for example, between deuterium and heavy hydrogen. NOTE 2 Terms which are interchangeable in all contexts are called synonym
