1、May 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13
2、080.30!%$*r“2010779www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 23611-5Soil quality Sampling of soil invertebrates Part 5: Sampling and extraction of soil macro-invertebrates(ISO 23611-5:2011);English version EN ISO 23611-5:2013,English translation of DIN EN ISO 23611-5:2013-05Bodenbeschaffenheit Probenahme von Wirbellos
3、en im Boden Teil 5: Probenahme und Extraktion von Makroinvertebraten (Growirbellosen) im Boden(ISO 23611-5:2011);Englische Fassung EN ISO 23611-5:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 23611-5:2013-05Qualit du sol Prlvement des invertbrs du sol Partie 5: Prlvement et extraction des macro-invertbrs
4、 du sol (ISO 23611-5:2011);Version anglaise EN ISO 23611-5:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 23611-5:2013-05www.beuth.deDocument comprises 20 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.04.13DIN EN ISO 23611-5:2013-05 2 A comma is used as the decimal ma
5、rker. National foreword The text of ISO 23611-5:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” and has been taken over as EN ISO 23611-5:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved i
6、n its preparation was the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 119-01-02-04 UA Biologische Verfahren of NA 119-01-02 AA Abfall- und Bodenuntersuchung. ISO 23611 consists of the following parts, under the general title Soil quality Sampling of soil in
7、vertebrates: Part 1: Hand-sorting and formalin extraction of earthworms Part 2: Sampling and extraction of micro-arthropods (Collembola and Acarina) Part 3: Sampling and soil extraction of enchytraeids Part 4: Sampling, extraction and identification of soil-inhabiting nematodes Part 5: Sampling and
8、extraction of soil macro-invertebrates Part 6: Guidance for the design of sampling programmes with soil invertebrates Expert assistance and specialized laboratories will be required to perform the analysis described in this standard. DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referre
9、d to in this document are as follows: ISO 10390 DIN ISO 10390 ISO 10694 DIN ISO 10694 ISO 11274 DIN ISO 11274 ISO 11277 DIN ISO 11277 ISO 11461 DIN ISO 11461 ISO 11465 DIN ISO 11465 DIN EN ISO 23611-5:2013-05 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 10390, Soil quality Determination of
10、 pH DIN ISO 10694, Soil quality Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis) DIN ISO 11274, Soil quality Determination of the water retention characteristics Laboratory methods DIN ISO 11277, Soil quality Determination of particle size distribution in mineral
11、soil material Method by sieving and sedimentation DIN ISO 11461, Soil quality Determination of soil water content as a volume fraction using coring sleeves Gravimetric method DIN ISO 11465, Soil quality Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis Gravimetric method DIN EN ISO 23611
12、5:2013-05 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 23611-5 February 2013 ICS 13.080.30; 13.080.05 English Version Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 5: Sampling and extraction of soil macro-invertebrates (ISO 23611-5:2011) Qualit
13、du sol - Prlvement des invertbrs du sol - Partie 5: Prlvement et extraction desmacro-invertbrsdusol(ISO 23611-5:2011) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Probenahme von Wirbellosen im Boden - Teil 5: Probenahme und Extraktion von Makroinvertebraten (Growirbellosen) im Boden (ISO 23611-5:2011) This European Standa
14、rd was approved by CEN on 5 February 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning s
15、uch national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its o
16、wn language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
17、 Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NOR
18、MUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 23611-5:2013: EDIN EN ISO 23611-5:2013-05 EN ISO 23611-5:2013 (E) 2Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope
19、 5 2 Terms and definitions . 5 3 Principle 5 4 Reagents . 6 5 Apparatus . 6 6 Field procedure 7 6.1 General 7 6.2 Collecting macro-invertebrates from the litter zone 7 6.3 Collecting macro-invertebrates from soil . 7 7 Laboratory procedure . 8 7.1 Treatment of collected samples . 8 7.2 Preservation
20、of specimens . 8 7.3 Biomass determination . 9 8 Assessment of results 9 9 Test report 10 Annex A (informative) Background information . 11 Bibliography 12 Foreword The text of ISO 23611-5:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for S
21、tandardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 23611-5:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorse
22、ment, at the latest by August 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifyi
23、ng any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav
24、Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 23611-5:2011 has b
25、een approved by CEN as EN ISO 23611-5:2013 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 23611-5:2013-05 EN ISO 23611-5:2013 (E) 3 IntroductionThis part of ISO 23611 was prepared in response to a need to standardize sampling and extraction methods for soil macro-invertebrates in several European (temperate)
26、and tropical countries. These methods are needed for the following purposes: biological classification of soils, including soil quality assessment (e.g. References 21, 32 and 41); terrestrial bio-indication and long-term monitoring (e.g. References 71, 79, 80 and 81).Data collected using standardize
27、d methods can be evaluated more accurately as it allows more reliable comparison between sites (e.g. polluted vs non-polluted sites, changes in land-use practices).Soils of the world host an abundance of highly diverse macro-invertebrate communities. Their biology and ecology have been widely studie
28、d. Soil invertebrates are irreplaceable actors of soil formation and conservation in natural ecosystems. Their relevance to the soil system comes from their abundance and diversity, and also from their role in key biological processes. They are sensitive indicators of soil quality and recognized age
29、nts of its fertility (e.g. References 63 and 56). Among the wide diversity of species, adaptive strategies and size ranges represented, one specific group, also called “soil ecosystem engineers”, includes large invertebrates that actually determine the activities of other smaller organisms through t
30、he mechanical activities they produce in soil (e.g. References 24 and 49).Soil macro-invertebrates span a wide range of ecological functions in soil: decomposition of organic matter, through their own activity and by stimulating the soils microbiological activity (e.g. References 8, 10 and 40), pred
31、ation that plays an important part in food webs (e.g. References 16, 55, 61, 64 and 68), soil aggregation by the production of organo-mineral structures (e.g. nests, galleries, casts) that can last for days, months or years, and soil bioturbation (e.g. Reference 32), etc. These characteristics, coup
32、led with in-depth taxonomic knowledge, has enabled their use as study organisms in several research programmes dealing with the impacts of forest practices (e.g. References 18, 40, 50, 62, 65 and 75) or crop management practices (e.g. References 15, 25, 31, 33, 34, 37, 42, 60 and 66). These features
33、 make them suitable organisms for use as bio-indicators of changes in soil quality, especially with respect to land-use practices and pollution (e.g. References 26, 39, 48, 52, 53, 59, 65 and 79).The method proposed in this part of ISO 23611 covers the sampling of all soil macro-invertebrates. Howev
34、er, the sampling of earthworms is already covered in ISO 23611-1. This method is described in ISO 23611-1:2006, Annex C, as an alternative sampling method for earthworms.DIN EN ISO 23611-5:2013-05 EN ISO 23611-5:2013 (E) 41 ScopeThis part of ISO 23611 specifies a method for sampling, extracting and
35、preserving macro-invertebrates from soils, including the litter zone. The proposed method is a prerequisite for using these animals as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). The main premise of this method is rapid assessment (completing the sampling of a p
36、lot in one or two days with only basic equipment and a small number of field assistants) in order to be able to address all the taxonomic groups of soil macro-invertebrates at the same time and in the same place. The Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) method has evolved and some modification
37、s have been introduced in order to use it in temperate regions.The sampling and extraction methods in this part of ISO 23611 are applicable to almost all types of soil, with the exception of soils in extreme climatic conditions (hard, frozen or flooded soils) and matrices other than soil, e.g. tree
38、trunks, plants or lichens.A sampling design is specified in ISO 23611-6.NOTE 1 The method specified in this part of ISO 23611 is based on guidelines developed under the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Program (TSBF method)7.NOTE 2 Basic information on the ecology of macro-invertebrates and their
39、 use can be found in the references listed in the Bibliography.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1macro-invertebratessoil organism whose longest dimension is greater than 10 mmNOTE See Annex A for further details.EXAMPLE These inclu
40、de especially the following groups: Oligochaeta, Gastropoda, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Isopoda, Arachnida, plus various insects: Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Dermaptera, Lepidoptera (larvae) and Diptera (larvae).2.2blotted massmass of individuals after preservation in formalin or etha
41、nol (when the substance used for preservation has been absorbed by the tissues)3 PrincipleSoil macro-invertebrates are collected in the field using a metallic frame to delimit the soil surface of the sampling point. Macro-invertebrates present in litter and soil are picked up separately. In temperat
42、e regions, a reagent is used to extract macro-invertebrates from soil. The sampling is completed by hand-sorting. Animals are preserved and transported to the laboratory for further identifications (e.g. References 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35 ,36, ,38, 45, 46, 47, 54, 57,
43、70, 72, 73, 76, 77, 78 and 84). Abundance values are usually recalculated relative to area (1 m2).DIN EN ISO 23611-5:2013-05 EN ISO 23611-5:2013 (E) 5 4 Reagents4.1 Ethanol, (70 % volume fraction).4.2 Formalin formaldehyde solution, 4 % (volume fraction).Both 70 % ethanol and 4 % formalin should be
44、available for the preservation of specimens (4 % formalin is more suitable for taxa with soft body parts, which can be transferred to ethanol after about 4 d fixation).4.3 Formalin, 0,2 % (volume fraction), prepared by diluting 25 ml of formalin (39 %) in 5 l of water, for soil macro-invertebrate ex
45、traction.5 ApparatusUse standard laboratory equipment and the following.5.1 Petri dishes.5.2 Stereo-microscope.5.3 Plastic vials.5.4 Entomological forceps.5.5 Pencil, notebook, water-resistant marker, labels.5.6 Tape measures.5.7 Knife (cut glass).5.8 Spade.5.9 Plastic-weave produce sacks, for sprea
46、ding on the ground.5.10 Precision balance.5.11 Large flat plastic trays (500 mm 400 mm 100 mm), for sorting the soil and litter.5.12 Trowel.5.13 Small plastic trays.5.14 Fine forceps (or entomological forceps), pipette, fine paint brushes.5.15 Sample vials, in various sizes with secure alcohol-tight
47、 caps.5.16 Indian-ink pen (waterproof).5.17 Stiff card for labels, ranging compass.5.18 Large strong plastic bags (sealable).DIN EN ISO 23611-5:2013-05 EN ISO 23611-5:2013 (E) 65.19 Table and plastic chairs, for sorting.5.20 Cover, for protection from heavy rain.5.21 Polyvinyl gloves, to protect han
48、ds from formalin.5.22 Metallic frame, preferably 250 mm 250 mm.Sample frame (250 mm 250 mm 50 mm) made of stainless steel and with sharpened edges to delimit the sampling point where animals are sampled from the litter layer and soil.5.23 Watering can.5.24 Pair of scissors, to cut vegetation inside the frame.5.25 Field balances.6 Field procedure6.1 GeneralSampling should take place when accessible biodiversity is thought to be largest. In temperate regions, it corresponds to spring o
