1、Februar 2009 Preisgruppe 17DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Jede Art der Vervielfltigung, auch auszugsweise, nurmit Genehmigung des DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin, gestattet.ICS 03.240!$RU“1475850www.din.deDDIN-Fachbericht CEN/TR 15735Postalische Dienstleistungen Dienstqualitt
2、 Entfernung zum Zugangspunkt;Englische Fassung prCEN/TR 15735:2007Postal services Quality of service Distance to access point;English version prCEN/TR 15735:2007Services postaux Qualit de service Qualit de laccs aux services postaux;Version anglaise prCEN/TR 15735:2007Alleinverkauf durch Beuth Verla
3、g GmbH, 10772 Berlin www.beuth.deGesamtumfang 43 SeitenDIN CEN/TR 15735:2009-02 2 Nationales Vorwort Dieses Dokument (CEN/TR 15735:2008) wurde vom Technischen Komitee CEN/TC 331 Postalische Dienstleistungen“ erarbeitet, dessen Sekretariat vom NEN (Niederlande) gehalten wird. Das zustndige deutsche G
4、remium ist der NA 043-03-04 AA Postalische Dienstleistungen“ des Normen-ausschusses Informationstechnik und Anwendungen (NIA) im DIN. Dieser Fachbericht befasst sich mit den existierenden Systemen zur Messung des Zugangs zu postalischen Dienstleistungen, die in den Mitgliedslndern bereits benutzt we
5、rden, und deren Zielen. Um ein allgemeines Verstndnis der existierenden Systeme in Bezug auf die Abdeckung der Bevlkerung zu erzielen, wurde unter postalischen Anwendern und Regulierern ein Fragebogen mit dem Titel Methodology for the Measurement of Distance to postal Access Points“ verteilt (siehe
6、Anhang A). Aufgrund des begrenzten Anwenderkreises, der ber ausreichende Sprachkenntnisse verfgt, wird dieser Fachbericht nur in englischer Sprache verffentlicht. Dieser Fachbericht enthlt eine ausfhrliche Begrn-dung, warum dieser Gegenstand auf Europischer Ebene nicht normungsfhig ist. Da dieser Fa
7、chbericht nicht kontinuierlich von unterschiedlichen Kreisen angewendet wird, bedarf er keiner bersetzung. TECHNISCHER BERICHT TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE CEN/TR 15735 Oktober 2008 ICS 03.240 Deutsche Fassung Postalische Dienstleistungen Dienstqualitt Entfernung zum Zugangspunkt Postal servic
8、es Quality of service Distance to access points Services postaux Qualit de service Qualit de laccs aux services postaux Dieser Technische Bericht (TR) wurde vom CEN am 16.Mrz 2008 als eine knftige Norm zur vorlufigen Anwendung angenommen. CEN-Mitglieder sind die nationalen Normungsinstitute von Belg
9、ien, Bulgarien, Dnemark, Deutschland, Estland, Finnland, Frankreich,Griechenland, Irland, Island, Italien, Lettland, Litauen, Luxemburg, Malta, den Niederlanden, Norwegen, sterreich, Polen, Portugal,Rumnien, Schweden, der Schweiz, der Slowakei, Slowenien, Spanien, der Tschechischen Republik, Ungarn,
10、 dem Vereinigten Knigreichund Zypern. EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONManagement-Zentrum: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brssel 2008 CEN Alle Rechte der Verwertung, gleich in welcher Form und in welchem Verfahren, sind weltweit den nati
11、onalen Mitgliedern von CEN vorbehalten.Ref. Nr. CEN/TR 15735:2008 DCEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Main issues concerning the measurement of network density5 2.1 General5 2.2 Legislation. 10 2.3 Measurement. 10 2.4 Available data 10 2.5 Reservations . 11 3
12、 Conclusion 11 Annex A (informative) Questionnaire regarding a methodology for the Measurement of Distance to postal Access Points . 12 Annex B (informative) Questionnaire results 23 Annex C (informative) Analysis of national legislations 34 DIN CEN/TR 15735:2009-02 CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 3 Foreword
13、This document (CEN/TR 15735:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 331 “Postal services”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held
14、 responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). DIN CEN/TR 15735:2009-02 CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 4 Introd
15、uction Article 3 of the Postal Directive requires Member States to ensure that the density of access points (postal outlets and collection letterboxes) takes account of the needs of users it contains relatively general requirements relating to access to Universal Services. Consequently, Member State
16、s have taken very different approaches in defining minimum standards concerning the density of access points. The most important types of requirements that are imposed on Universal Service Providers are listed below: Minimum number: the Universal Service Provider must maintain at least x postal outl
17、ets (or collection letterboxes). Maximum distance: a postal outlet (or letterbox) must not be further away than x kilometres from any home or business location. Usually this requirement does not apply to isolated houses in rural areas but only within populated areas (or similarly defined geographic
18、areas). Town size: a postal outlet (or letterbox) is mandatory in each municipality exceeding a population of x. In addition, some countries require the Universal Service Provider to maintain one postal outlet per x inhabitants in towns. One outlet per municipality: at least one postal outlet (or le
19、tterbox) must be operated in each municipality. The situation with regard to access conditions and Quality of Service does differ from country to country. Access conditions refer to the service points of the postal network, like street letter-boxes, post offices and other outlets that provide postal
20、 services. The regulatory requirements with regard to the density of these access points vary from nonexistent to detailed guidelines on the location of access points with regard to density, distance, population or community related criteria. Even in Member States where no specific requirements rega
21、rding the density of postal outlets exist, it appears that politics, often locally, strongly oppose Universal Service Providers that plan to close postal outlets, thus adding a soft component to the universal service obligation. DIN CEN/TR 15735:2009-02 CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical
22、 Report takes into account the existing systems for measuring access to postal services and the targets that are already in use in member states. To get an understanding of the existing systems regarding population coverage, a questionnaire entitled “Methodology for the Measurement of Distance to po
23、stal Access Points” was circulated to postal operators and postal regulators (see Annex A). 2 Main issues concerning the measurement of network density 2.1 General This report is based on two data sources, the results of the questionnaire (Annex B) and the legislative framework for the density of ac
24、cess points to the postal network (Annex C). An overview of the main issues raised in the legislation and in the questionnaire is given in the following table. The table is structured in four main parts: Legislation on Access-Network Density; Measurement of Access-Network Density; Available Data nec
25、essary for Density Measurement; Reservations about Distance Measurement. A tick mark is given for each European country in which the issue is relevant or dealt with. DIN CEN/TR 15735:2009-02 CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 6 Table 1 Responses onquestionsabout the distance to postal access points Aus t ria Bel
26、gium Cypr us Cz ech Repu blic Den m a r k Estonia Finland Franc e Ger m an y Gree ce Hung ary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxe m bou rg Malta Norw ay Poland Portugal Slovak Re pu blic Slovenia Spain Switze rland Sweden The Ne the rla nds Unite d King dom Geographical Unit INationalX X X X Geograp
27、hical Unit IIRegionsX Geographical Unit IIILocal UnitsX X X X X X X Postman “Service to Customer” Equal to fixedAccessPointX X X X X X X Population DensityIUrban AreasX X X X X LEGISLATION Population DensityIIRural AreasX X X X DIN CEN/TR15735:2009-02 CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 7 Indicators Used IAbsolut
28、e Number of AccessPointsX X X Indicators Used II% of Population based on DistanceX X X X X X X MeasurementSystem ISystemalready in placeX X X X X X X X MeasurementSystem IIIncl. PostboxX X X X X X X MeasurementSystem IIIIncl. Outlet with full Postal ServiceX X X X X X MEASUREMENT MeasurementSystem I
29、V In regular intervals X X X Distance IStraight LineX X X X X X X X DIN CEN/TR15735:2009-02 CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 8 Distance IIAllowance for Natural BarriersX X X X X X X Distance IIIOtherX X X X X X X X X NonDistanceIPopulation DensityX X X X X X NonDistanceIIGeographicalInformationX X X X X X Data
30、 available IPopulation Density (around AP)X X X X X X X X X X Data available IIPopulation Density (PCA)X X X X X X X X X X DATA Data available III Population Density (geographic)X X X X X X X X X X DIN CEN/TR15735:2009-02 CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 9 RES. Detailed ReservationsAbout distance-based measure
31、mentX X X X X X DIN CEN/TR15735:2009-02 CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 10 2.2 Legislation Eight countries provided information on national legislation on access-network density. The first three categories in the table indicate on which geographical unit(s) the national legislation is based: National, Regiona
32、l or Local. Local solutions for the access to the postal network often include Mobile Postmen who provide access by Service-to-Customer instead of the usual Customer-to-Service approach connected with a visit to the post office. The questionnaire gives additional information on other countries where
33、 mobile postman are an issue (three countries). Sometimes legislation differentiates areas with different population densities. Specialized legislation may be available for Urban and Rural Areas. The indicators for access-network density that are used within the legislation fall into two main groups
34、: absolute numbers for a minimum of postal access points and minimum percentage of the population within a given distance to the postal access point. 2.3 Measurement Information on measurement is based on the questionnaire responses. Fifteen countries reported if any system for distance measurement
35、is already in place or not (see question 3.1, Annex A). Each of the measurement systems in place is based on the access point “Post Office”. It is stated if the measurement system includes (or should include, if not installed) post-boxes and postal outlets with the full range of postal services (see
36、 question 4.2.1, Annex A). Six countries gave additional information about the timing of the measurement, if it is done on a regular basis or by demand (question 4.4.5). Thirteen countries indicated if the concept of distance is part of access-network density measurement. It is denoted if distance i
37、s measured as a straight-line measurement or if any other distance measure is or would be applied, for example distance by road or distance in minutes by car (question 4.1.1). All countries are listed, which reported that an allowance is or would be made for natural barriers like mountains or rivers
38、 (question 4.1.2). In addition to distance related measures other indicators are used as well (question 4.1.1). These mainly fall into two categories: firstly, access is related to the population density in the area, in which the access point is located. The areas are mostly defined by postal or adm
39、inistrative criteria (certain postcode-areas or municipalities). Secondly, access is related to geographical information (location of access point / customer, geographical areas, census based areas). Geographical information is increasingly drawn from electronic Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
40、which allows for a very detailed geographical stratification of the country. Both categories may overlap when the population density is available for geographically defined areas. 2.4 Available data Even in cases where no measurement is installed yet, it is of interest, if any information is availab
41、le that could be used for this purpose. Fourteen countries gave information on the data available in their country, which in most cases consists of population density data. Population density figures may be available for any defined area around a fixed access point (question 4.2.3.c), for a set of d
42、efined postcode-areas (question 4.2.3.b) or for geographically defined areas. DIN CEN/TR 15735:2009-02 CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 11 2.5 Reservations Not all countries felt comfortable with a standard, which is based mainly on the concept of distance as the indicator for access-network density as they vi
43、ew the requirements for the access network in a broader context, which can be seen in the answers to chapter 5 of the questionnaire. All answers to the questionnaire or additional comments that go into further detail are incorporated at Annex C. 3 Conclusion There are many different methods of dista
44、nce measurement that are either in use or appropriate for use. This may include distance covered by foot or vehicle and can be done by straight line, distance by road or by the distance covered by the delivery officer. Likewise, information on how a countries population is measured also varies consi
45、derably. When measuring distance to access points, individual countries physical barriers, such as mountains, rivers, lakes, etc. have to be taken into account. The legislation clearly indicates if it is necessary to consider those natural barriers. Although, some use similar measurement systems to
46、others, there are also many differences. It would be extremely difficult to introduce a single measurement system to meet the needs of all. As public need for access as well as the cost of providing access to Universal Services can most usefully be balanced at a local level, there appears to be no r
47、easons for further harmonization in this area at the moment. However, countries that currently do not have a measurement system in place but would like to introduce such a measurement system now or sometime in the future may use the information provided in Table 1 and get in contact with those count
48、ries that have a comparable legal situation and a measurement system in place. DIN CEN/TR 15735:2009-02 CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 12 Annex A (informative) Questionnaire regarding a methodology for the Measurement of Distance to postal Access Points 1 Introduction In its Postal directives (1997 per km? 1
49、3 organisations answered: - For an absolute number (12 organisations). - An average number (2 organisations). The basis as defined by 3 organisations: - “A percentage of population to less than 10 km or 5 km of access point”. - Official Information on national level, e.g. statistical yearbooks. - “An absolute number of households and population is based on the Census and is up-dated every 10 years. The most recent data is from 2001. We also have postcoded population data which updates the c
