1、MIL-HDBK-28OOL m 9999770 0200308 L30 m Not Measurement Sensitive MIL-HDBK-28001 30 June 1995 MILITARY HANDBOOK DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERALIZED MARKUP LANGUAGE (SGML) APPLICATION OF MIL-Pm-28001 USING STANDARD AMSC NIA AREA IPSC DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is
2、 unlimited. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-28001 FOREWORD 1. This military handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deleti
3、ons) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Am: CALS Digital Standards Office, DISA, Center for Standards, Code: JIEOIJEBEB, 10701 Parkridge Blvd., Reston, VA 22091-4398 by using the self-addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (
4、DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. 3. This document supplements departmental manuals, directives, and military standards, and provides basic and fundamental information on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). 4. The use of Courier font in this handbook represen
5、ts SGML notation. . 11 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-28OOL W 9999970 0200310 877 W . MIL-HDBK-28001 CONTENTS PARAGRAPH 1 . 1.1 1.2 2 . 2.1 2.1.1 2.2 2.3 3 . 3.1 3.2 4 . 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5 . 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.2.1 6
6、. 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.2.1 6.1.2.2 6.1.2.3 6.1.2.4 6.1.2.5 6.1.2.6 6.1.3 6.1.3.1 6.1.3.2 SCOPE . 1 Scope . 1 Applicability 2 REFERENCE MATERIAL 3 Government documents 3 Specifications. standards. and handbooks 3 Non-Government publications 4 Informational documents . 4 DEFINITIONS . 5 Acronyms used i
7、n this handbook 5 Terms 6 CONTINUOUS ACQUISITION AND LIFE-CYCLE SUPPORT (CALS) SGML . 12 Purpose of SGML . 12 Intendeduse . 12 Background of SGML 12 CALS SGML documents 13 CALS document deliveryhnterchange . 15 DOCUMENT ANALYSIS 16 Document analysis 16 DTD considerations 17 Use and modification of e
8、xisting DTDs 17 Identifying elements and their relationships . 18 Element and attribute naming guidelines . 18 DOCUMENT TYPE DEFINITION (DTD) 20 Document Type Definition (DTD) 20 Document type declaration . 21 Entity declarations . 22 General entities . 22 Parameter entities . 22 General versus para
9、meter entities 23 Data type entities . 23 External entities 24 System versus public entities . 24 Element declaration 24 Model group . 25 Start- and end-tag minimization . 27 . 111 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-28001 CONTEN
10、TS PARAGRAPH 6.1.3.3 6.1.3.4 6.1.3.5 6.1.3.5.1 6.1.3.5.2 6.1.3.5.3 6.1.3.5.4 6.1.4 6.1.5 6.1.6 6.2 7 . 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.2.1 7.3.2.2 7.3.2.3 7.4 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.6 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 7.6.4 7.7 7.7.1 7.7.2 8 . 8.1. 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 Declared content or content model . 28 Exc
11、eptions to content models . 28 Attribute list declaration . 29 Attribute definitions 29 Declared values . 29 Default values 30 Notation declaration . 30 Attributename . 29 Comments 30 ModularDTDs . 31 ExampleDTD . 31 CREATING THE DOCUMENT INSTANCE 32 Background . 32 SGML coded text source file (docu
12、ment instance) contents 32 Authoring environments . 32 Templates . 32 Entity libraries . 33 Public entity libraries (text. file. graphic) . 33 Legacy information 33 Tagging philosophies . 33 Content tagging . 34 Combined structure and content tagging 34 Tagging guidance . 34 Security 34 Space charac
13、ters 35 Wordspace 35 Comment declarations 35 Tag reuse and standardization . 35 DoD efforts to standardize tags 36 Entities 33 Parsing . 33 Structuretagging 33 Newtags . 36 MATHPAC GUIDANCE . 37 Introduction . 37 Formatting of mathematical elements 37 General guidance . 37 Formulas . 38 Inline formu
14、las . 38 Display formulas 39 iv Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-ZBOOL 7777770 0200332 bbL . MIL-HDBK-28001 CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.1.1 8.3.1.2 8.3.1.3 8.3.1.4 8.3.1.5 8.3.1.6 8.3.1.7 8.3.1.8 8.3.1.9 8.3.1.10 8.3
15、.1.1 1 8.3.1.12 8.3.1.13 8.3.2 8.3.2.1 8.3.2.2 8.3.2.3 8.3.2.4 8.3.2.5 8.3.2.6 8.3.2.7 8.4 8.5 8.5.1 8.5.2 Tagging various formulas 40 Notation 40 Fractions . 40 Powers . 40 Roots 41 Derivatives 41 Integral 41 Summations . 42 Products 42 Vectors 42 General operators 42 Matrices 42 Tensors 43 Functio
16、nal notation 43 Fonts 44 Character embellishment 44 Breaking formulas 44 Aligning formulas 45 Columns (piles) 45 Fences . 45 Boxes . 46 Detailed examples 46 Problems . 47 Mixed content problems 47 Superscripts and subscripts . 40 . Presentation and placement . 44 . . . . . Mathpac tagging problems .
17、 47 9 . PARTIAL DOCUMENTS 48 . 9.1 Partial documents 48 9.1.1 Concepts . 48 9.1.2 Transmittal master 48 . 1 o . 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 CREATING AND USING FORMATTING OUTPUT SPECIFICATION INSTANCES (FOSI) 51 Scope 51 Media . 51 Designgoals . 51 Machine parseability 52 Statement of purpose.
18、 premises 51 Page integrity and page fidelity 51 The Output Specification (OS) goal . 52 . V Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-24001 9999970 0200333 5TB W MIL-HDBK-28001 CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.10.1 10.10.2 1
19、0.10.3 10.1 1 10.11.1 10.11.2 10.11.2.1 10.11.2.2 10.11.2.3 1 O . 1 1.2.4 10.1 1.3 10.1 1.3.1 10.11.3.1.1 10.1 1.3.2 10.11.4 10.11.5 10.11.6 10.11.6.1 10.1 1.6.2 10.1 1.6.2.1 10.1 1.6.2.2 10.1 1.6.3 10.11.6.4 10.11.6.5 1 O . 1 1.6.6 10.1 1.6.7 10.11.6.8 10.11.6.9 10.11.6.9.1 10.1 1.6.9.2 10.11.6.9.3
20、 10.1 1.6.9.4 10.1 1.6.9.5 10.1 1.6.9.6 10.11.6.9.7 10.1 1.6.9.8 10.1 1.7 10.11.8 The Output Specification Document Type Definition (OS DTD) . 52 Organization of the Output Specification Document Type Definition (OS DTD) (categories of composition characteristics) 52 Formatting Output Specification
21、Instance (FOSI) . 52 Definition of a FOSI . 52 When to use a FOSI . 53 Why use a FOSI 53 FOSI development guidance . 53 Understanding the requirements . 53 Understanding OS concepts 54 Purpose of a FOSI . 54 Identification and treatment of source data 54 Significant record ends . 54 Cognizance of so
22、urce DTD 54 Organizing and documenting a FOSI 55 Specifying elements-in-context (e-i-c) . 55 Technique . e-i-c order in the FOSI . 55 Technique . documenting a FOSI 56 Setting up the resource description . 56 Setting up the security description 56 Setting up page models . 56 Technique . using page s
23、ets 56 Layout areas . 57 Pageset 57 Technique . using page references 58 Technique . setting up headers and footers 60 Positioning techniques 60 Using security values . 60 Using page numbers . 60 Technique . setting up footnote areas . 61 Technique . controlling floating elements . 61 Technique . se
24、tting page parameters 57 Floating figure . title at top of figure 61 Floating figure . title at bottom of figure . 63 Multi-sheet figure . title at top of figure . 64 Figure on same page with associated text . title at top of figure . 67 Figure on facing page with associated text . title at bottom o
25、f figure 68 Figure on same sheet with associated text . title at bottom of figure 70 Inline figure . title at bottom of figure . 65 All figures placed in a separate section 72 Setting up the style description 73 Setting up the document default . 73 vi Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or
26、networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-28001 CONTENTS PARAGRAPH 10.11.9 10.11.9.1 10.11.10 10.1 1.1 1 10.11.11.1 10.11.12 10.11.12.1 10.1 1.12.2 10.1 1.12.3 10.11.12.4 10.11.12.5 10.11.12.6 10.11.12.7 10.11.12.8 10.11.12.9 10.11.12.10 10.1 1.12.1 1 10.1 1.12.12 10.11.12.13 10.11.
27、12.14 10.11.12.15 10.11.12.16 10.11.12.17 10.11.12.18 10.11.12.19 10.11.12.20 10.11.12.21 10.11.12.22 10.11.12.23 10.11.12.24 10.11.12.25 10.11.12.25.1 10.11.12.25.2 10.1 1.12.26 10.11.12.27 10.11.12.28 10.1 1.12.28.1 10.1 1.12.29 10.1 1.12.30 10.11.12.31 10.11.13 10.11.13.1 . PAGE Setting up enviro
28、nments . Charsubsets . using characteristic list subsets Determining element categories . Describing elements . Technique . grouping elements Other techniques Using context and occurrence . Using inheritance and defaulting . Determining the font . Specifying leading . Controlling hyphenation . Speci
29、fying word spacing, letter spacing. and kerning . Using indents Boxing . Specifying quadding . Using highlighting . Specifying change marks Specifying prespace and postspace . Specifying keeps Specifying vertical justification parameters Specifying text breaks (textbrk) . Usingspans . Usingborders U
30、singrules Using character fills . Using automatic numbering Suppressing text Puttext . using generated text . Putgraph . using pre-defined graphics . Savetext . saving text for multiple uses Usetext . using saved text . Sort userule . userule #1 SystemlSubsystedSubject Number (SSSN) userule . userul
31、e #2 . Interaction of puttext, putgraph, ruling, and usetext Using cross references How to set up the FOS1 . Defining leader dots . Building a Table of Contents (TOC) Handling source attributes . Technique . identifying source attributes . Usingstring . Pseudo-elements 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 75 75 76
32、76 76 77 77 78 78 78 78 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 83 86 87 87 88 88 89 90 91 91 91 vii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- MIL-HDBK-28001 m 9979770 0200335 370 m MIL-HDBK-28001 CONTENTS PARAGRAPH 10.11.13.2 10.11.13.3 10.11.
33、14 10.11.14.1 10.11.14.2 10.11.14.3 10.11.14.4 10.1 1.14.5 10.11.15 10.1 1.15.1 10.11.15.2 10.1 1.15.3 10.11.15.3.1 10.1 1.15.4 10.1 1.16 10.11.17 10.11.17.1 10.11.18 10.11.18.1 10.11.18.1.1 10.11.18.2 10.11.18.2.1 10.11.18.3 10.11.18.3.1 10.11.18.4 10.11.18.4.1 10.1 1.18.5 10.11.18.5.1 10.11.18.6 1
34、0.11.18.6.1 10.11.18.7 10.11.18.7.1 10.11.18.8 10.11.18.8.1 10.11.18.9 10.11.18.10 10.11.18.11 10.11.18.11.1 10.11.18.11.2 10.11.18.11.3 10.11.18.11.4 10.11.18.12 PAGE Technique . specifying the use of the attribute . 91 Technique . interaction of attributes and other values 92 Describing graphics 9
35、2 Sources of graphics information . 92 Interaction of the reproduction window. sizing. and placement 93 World coordinates . 93 Assumptions . 93 Graphic characteristics 94 Available space . 94 Reproduction area dimensions . 94 Graphic sizing (sizing) 94 Placement (placemnt) . 95 Elements and graphics
36、 attributes . 96 Important terms related to graphics . 97 FOS1 graphic environment . 97 Required attribute . 99 Optional (implied) attributes 100 Reprowid for example, journal, article, technical manual, or memo (IS0 8879). Document type declaration. The declaration which invokes a DTD in an SGML do
37、cument. The document instance of an SGML document must always be preceded by a document type declaration. Document type declaration subset. The element, entity, and short reference sets occurring within the declaration subset of a document type declaration. The external entity referenced from the do
38、cument type declaration is considered part of the declaration subset (IS0 8879). Document type definition. Defines the markup language or rules for a distinct class or type of document. DTD. See document type definition. Element. A component of the hierarchical structure defined by a document type d
39、efinition; it is identified in a document instance by descriptive markup, usually a start-tag and end-tag (IS0 8879). 7 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-ZBOOL m 9999970 0200325 2LT V. W. X. Y. Z. aa. ab. ac . ad. ae . af. ag.
40、ah. ai. aj . ak. MIL-HDBK-28001 Element in context (e-i-c). The complete set of information necessary to identify a particular set of instances of an element type within a document, including its generic identifier, context, and occurrence. Element type. A class of elements having similar characteri
41、stics; for example, paragraph, chapter, abstract, footnote, or bibliography (IS0 8879). Element type name. See generic identifier. e-i-c. See element in context. EMPTY. Used to specify an element which can have no content in the ,markup of a document. The content is either implied or automatically g
42、enerated by the system. Entity. A collection of characters that can be referenced as a unit (IS0 8879). ENTITY. Syntactically conforms to NAME and refers to a declared, externally defined SDATA, CDATA, or NDATA entity. ENTITIES. One or more ENTITY External entity. An entity whose replacement text is
43、 not incorporated in the entity declaration. The system identifier and/or public identifier is specified instead (IS0 8879). External identifier. A parameter that identifies an external entity or data content notation. There are two kinds of external identifiers, system identifiers and public identi
44、fiers (IS0 8879). FIXED - (#FIXED). Specifies an attributes value to be unchangeable and equal to its default value. Fragment. A piece of a FOSI or DTD that is modular for flexibility in usage in other applications. Formatting Output Specification Instance (FOSI). An instance of the Output Specifica
45、tion (OS) that assigns values to the style characteristics for a particular document type declaration. The FOSI uses the syntax of an SGML declaration. Generic identifier (GI). A name that identifies the element type of an element (IS0 8879). ID. A unique identifier conforming syntactically to NAME.
46、 IDREF. References an ID. 8 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-al. am. an. ao. ar. as. at. au. av . aw . ax. MIL-HDBK-28001 IDREFS. One or more IDREF. IMPLIED - (#IMPLIED). Specifies an attribute as optional where the processing system m
47、ay supply a value. Implied attribute. See IMPLIED. Markup. Text that is added to the data of a document in order to convey information about the data. Model group. Part of a content model which defines that part of an elements content in terms of delimiters, subelements, connectors, and #PCDATA. It
48、is subject to possible modification with respect to any exceptions, i.e., exclusions and inclusions for the content model. Modular DTDs. DTDs that are designed to be flexible and easy to reference for use in other SGML applications. For example, a base DTD may reference a table declaration set that
49、is used in many applications. NAME. A declared value keyword defining an attributes value to be a name. NAME conforms in length to the NAMELEN parameter from the SGML Declaration, begins with a name start character (alpha by default), and has name characters (alpha, numeric) as well as “-“ and “.“ for the subsequent characters. NAMES. One or more NAME separated by one or more parameter separator charact
