1、Standard ECMA-1682nd Edition - December 1994Standardizing Information and Communication SystemsPhone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.chVolume and File Structure ofRead-Only and Write-OnceCompact Disk Media forInformation InterchangeStandard
2、 ECMA-1682nd Edition - December 1994Standardizing Information and Communication SystemsPhone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.chGL ECMA-168.DOC 17-05-96 10,34Volume and File Structure ofRead-Only and Write-OnceCompact Disk Media forInformati
3、on InterchangePart 1 - GeneralPart 2 - Volume and Boot Block RecognitionPart 3 - Volume and File StructurePart 4 - Record StructureBrief HistoryThe bulk of the work leading to this ECMA Standard was done by the Frankfurt Group, which was formed in 1990 by manyCD-ROM and CD-WO hardware and media manu
4、facturers, CD-ROM data publishers, users of CD-ROMs, and major computercompanies, to exploit the CD-ROM and CD-Recordable technology.This ECMA Standard can be used for both CD-ROM and CD-WO media for interchanging files. This ECMA Standard is seenas a revision and extension of ECMA-119 for CD-ROM ap
5、plications because it has eliminated several restrictions andperformance problems of ECMA-119.During the work in ECMA/TC15, a lot of effort was spent in order to harmonize this ECMA Standard with ECMA-167. ThisECMA Standard follows the ECMA-167 volume and file structure framework, and has common def
6、initions with ECMA-167regarding file attributes and record structure.The 2nd Edition of this ECMA Standard has been fully aligned with ISO/IEC 13346 and ISO/IEC 13490 which have resultedfrom the 1st Editions of ECMA-167 and ECMA-168, resp., by their adoption by ISO/IEC JTC 1 under the fast-track pro
7、cedure.This ECMA Standard has been adopted as 2nd Edition by the ECMA General Assembly of 15th December 1994.- i -Table of contentsPart 1: General 11 Scope 32 Parts references 33 Conformance 33.1 Conformance of a medium 33.2 Conformance of an information processing system 34 References 35 Definition
8、s 45.1 application 45.2 byte 45.3 CD-ROM 45.4 CD-WO 45.5 compact disk 45.6 descriptor 45.7 file 45-8 implementation 45.9 originating system 45.10 receiving system 45.11 record 45.12 sector 55.13 standard for recording 55.14 user 55.15 volume 55.16 volume set 56 Notation 56. Numerical notation 56.2 B
9、it fields 56.3 Descriptor formats 56.4 Character strings 66.5 Arithmetic notation 66.6 Schema 66.7 Other notations 77 Basic types 77.1 Numerical values 77.2 Character sets and coding 87.3 Timestamp format 117.4 Entity Identifier 14Part 2: Volume and Boot Block Recognition 15Section 1 - General 171 S
10、cope 17- ii -2 Parts references 173 Cross-reference 173.1 Input 173.2 Output 174 Conformance 175 Definitions 175.1 extent 176 Notation 177 Basic types 17Section 2 - Requirements for the medium for volume and boot block recognition 188 Volume recognition 188.1 Arrangement of data on a volume 188.2 Vo
11、lume recognition space 188.3 Volume recognition area 188.4 Recording of descriptors 199 Volume recognition structures 199.1 Volume Structure Descriptor 199.2 Beginning Extended Area Descriptor 199.3 Terminating Extended Area Descriptor 209.4 Boot Descriptor 2010 Levels of medium interchange 2210.1 L
12、evel 1 2210.2 Level 2 22Section 3 - Requirements for systems for volume and boot block recognition 2311 Requirements for the description of systems 2312 Requirements for an originating system 2312.1 General 2312.2 Optional access by user 2313 Requirements for a receiving system 2313.1 General 2313.2
13、 Optional access by user 23Part 3: Volume and File structure 251 Scope 272 Parts references 27- iii -3 Cross - reference 273.1 Input 273.2 Output 274 Conformance 284.1 Conformance of a medium 284.2 Conformance of an information processing system 285 References 286 Definitions 286.1 file set 286.2 gr
14、oup ID 286.3 logical block 286.4 user ID 287 Notation 288 Basic types 298.1 16-Bit unsigned numerical values with most significant byte first 298.2 16-Bit signed numerical values with most significant byte first 298.3 16-Bit unsigned numerical values with both byte orders 298.4 32-Bit unsigned numer
15、ical values with most significant byte first 298.5 32-Bit signed numerical values with most significant byte first 298.6 32-Bit unsigned numerical values with both byte orders 298.7 Volume structure descriptor format 29Section 2 - Requirements for the medium for volume and file structure 319 Volume
16、structure 319.1 Arrangement of information on a volume 319.2 Volume set 339.3 Volume structure descriptors 349.4 Volume Descriptor Set 349.5 Volume space management 359.6 Transactions 3610 Volume data structures 3810.1 Primary Volume Descriptor 3810.2 Supplementary Volume Descriptor 4110.3 Volume Pa
17、rtition Descriptor 4310.4 End Transaction Descriptor 4410.5 Terminating Descriptor 4810.6 Track Specification Record 4911 File set structure 5211.1 File set 5211.2 File System Descriptor Set 5212 File set data structures 5312.1 File Set Descriptor 5312.2 Implementation Use Descriptor 56- iv -13 Dire
18、ctory and file structures 5713.1 Directory hierarchy 5713.2 Recording of directory files 6013.3 Path Table 6113.4 Pathname 6213.5 Files 6313.6 Record structure 6613.7 File identification 6613.8 Associated file 6613.9 Alias File 6614 Extended attributes 6614.1 Recording of extended attributes for fil
19、es and directories 6714.2 Recording of extended attributes for a Primary Volume Descriptor or a Supplementary VolumeDescriptor or a File Set Descriptor 6814.3 Extended attributes specified by this Part 6915 Directory and file data structures 7015.1 Directory Record 7015.2 Path Table Record 7215.3 Ex
20、tended Attributes 7415.4 Path Component 9515.5 File Section Record 9616 Levels of medium interchange 9616.1 Level 1 9616.2 Level 2 9716.3 Level 3 9916.4 Level 4 99Section 3 - Requirements for systems for volume and file structure 10017 Requirements for the description of systems 10018 Requirements f
21、or an originating system 10018.1 General 10018.2 Mandatory access by user 10018.3 Optional access by user 10118.4 Restrictions 10319 Requirements for a receiving system 10319.1 General 10319.2 Files 10419.3 Mandatory access by user 10419.4 Restrictions 105Annex A - Restrictions on a standard for rec
22、ording 107Annex B - Methods of interchange 109Annex C - CD-WO disk format and system requirements 113- v -Part 4: Record Structure 119Section 1 - General 1211 Scope 1212 Parts references 1213 Cross-reference 1213.1 Input 1213.2 Output 1214 Reference 1215 Conformance 1216 Definitions 1216.1 Data spac
23、e of a file 1217 Notation 1228 Basic types 1228.1 16-bit unsigned numerical values (MSB ) 122Section 2 - Requirements for the medium for record structure 1239 Record structure 1239.1 Relationship to a file 1239.2 Record type 1239.3 Record display attributes 126Section 3 - Requirements for systems fo
24、r record structure 12810 Requirements for the description of systems 12811 Requirements for an originating system 12811.1 General 12812 Requirements for a receiving system 12812.1 General 128ECMA-168/1STANDARD ECMA - 168Volume and File Structure for Read-Only and Write-Once Compact DiskMedia for Inf
25、ormation InterchangePart 1: GeneralECMA-168/1- 2 -ECMA-168/1- 3 -1ScopeThis ECMA Standard specifies a format and associated system requirements for volume and boot block recognition,volume structure, file structure and record structure for the interchange of information between users of informationp
26、rocessing systems using CD-WO (a write-once compact disk medium), hybrid CD-WO (a write-once compact diskwith a read-only area) and CD-ROM disks.NOTECD-WO is an evolution of CD-ROM technology which allows the recording of information on a write-once compactdisk medium.NOTEA volume set may be recorde
27、d that is in conformance with both ECMA-119 and ECMA-168. ECMA-168 is anenhancement of ECMA-119. ECMA-168 allows greater information interchange using CD-ROM. In addition, itsupports incremental recording and updating of information stored on a CD-WO disk. Under certain restrictions (see3/B.2.1), al
28、l of the files may be read by both a receiving system conforming to ECMA-119 and by a receiving systemconforming to ECMA-168.This ECMA Standard consists of the following four Parts:Part 1 : GeneralPart 2 : Volume and Boot Block RecognitionPart 3 : Volume and File StructurePart 4 : Record StructureAn
29、nex A - Restrictions on a standard for recording, is part of Part 3Annex B - Methods of interchange, is part of Part 3Annex C - CD-WO disk format and system requirements, is part of Part 3Annex D - CD-WO subsystem interface requirements, is part of Part 3Part 1 specifies references, definitions, not
30、ation and basic structures that apply to the other three Parts.2 Parts referencesThe first digit of a reference in this ECMA Standard identifies the Part. For example, 2/5 refers to clause 5 in Part 2. Ifthe reference is preceded by “figure”, the reference is to a figure. For example, figure 2/5 ref
31、ers to figure 5 in Part 2. Ifthe reference is preceded by “table”, the reference is to a table. For example, table 2/5 refers to table 5 in Part 2.3 Conformance3.1 Conformance of a mediumA medium shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard when it conforms to a standard for recording (see1/5.13)
32、 and all information recorded on it conforms to the specifications of all Parts, or to Parts 1, 2 and 3. Astatement of conformance shall identify the Parts, and the levels of medium interchange (see 2/10 and 3/16) towhich the contents of the medium conform.3.2 Conformance of an information processin
33、g systemAn information processing system shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it meets the requirementsspecified in all Parts or in Parts 1, 2 and 3 either for an originating system (see 2/12, 3/18 and 4/11) or for areceiving system (see 2/13, 3/19 and 4/12) or for both types of system
34、. A statement of conformance shall identifythe Parts and the levels of the requirements for the Parts which can be met by the system.4 ReferencesECMA-6 7-Bit Coded Character Set (1991)ECMA-35 Code Extension Techniques (1994)ECMA-48 Control Functions for Coded Character ets (1991)ECMA-94 8-Bit Single
35、-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin Alphabets No. 1 to No. 4 (1986)ECMA-168/1- 4 -ECMA-119 Volume and File Structure of CD-ROM for Information Interchange (1987)ECMA-130 Data Interchange on Read-Only 120 mm Optical Data Disks (CD-ROM) (1996)ECMA-167 Volume and File Structure for Write-Once an
36、d Rewritable Media using Non-Sequential Recordingfor Information Interchange (1994)ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990, Information technology Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 1: SystemApplication Program Interface (API) C Language.ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993, Information technology Universal Multiple-Octe
37、t Coded Character Set (UCS) Part 1:Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.ISO/IEC 13800, Information technology Procedure for the registration of identifiers and attributes for volume andfile structureIEC 908:1987, Compact disc digital audio system.5 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this ECMA Stand
38、ard, the following definitions apply.5.1 applicationA program that processes the contents of a file, and may also process selected attribute data relating to the file or tothe volume(s) on which the file is recorded.5.2 byteA string of eight binary digits operated upon as a unit. If the standard for
39、 recording (see 1/5.13) specifies that thecontainer for the recording of a byte has more than eight bits, a byte shall be recorded in the least significant eightbits of the container with the remaining bits of the container set to ZERO.5.3 CD-ROMA read-only compact disk (see 1/5.5).5.4 CD-WOA write-
40、once compact disk (see 1/5.5) that conforms to a standard for recording (see 1/5.13).5.5 compact diskAn optical disk that is recorded according to IEC 908 and ECMA-130.5.6 descriptorA structure containing descriptive information about a volume or a file.5.7 fileA collection of information.5-8 implem
41、entationA set of processes which enable an information processing system to behave as an originating system, or as areceiving system, or as both types of system.5.9 originating systemAn information processing system which can create a set of files on a volume set for the purpose of data interchangew
42、ith another system.5.10 receiving systemAn information processing system which can read a set of files from a volume set which has been created by anothersystem for the purpose of data interchange.5.11 recordA sequence of bytes treated as a unit of information.ECMA-168/1- 5 -5.12 sectorThe data fiel
43、d of an addressable part of the medium that can be accessed independently of other addressable parts ofthe medium as specified in the standard for recording (see 1/5.13).5.13 standard for recordingA standard that specifies the recording method and the addressing method for the information recorded o
44、n amedium. Annex A of this ECMA Standard specifies the restrictions on a standard for recording that are relevant forthis ECMA Standard.The standard for recording used in conjunction with this ECMA Standard is subject to agreement between theoriginator and recipient of the medium.5.14 userA person o
45、r other entity (for example, an application) that causes the invocation of the services provided by animplementation.5.15 volumeA sector address space as specified in the standard for recording (see 1/5.13).NOTEA medium usually has a single set of sector addresses, and is therefore a single volume.
46、A medium may have aseparate set of addresses for each side of the medium, and is therefore two volumes.5.16 volume setA collection of one or more volumes with identical volume set identification.6 NotationThe following notation is used in this ECMA Standard.6. Numerical notation6.1.1 Decimal notatio
47、n6.1.2 Hexadecimal notationNumbers in hexadecimal notation are represented as a sequence of one or more hexadecimal digits prefixed by“#”:hexadecimal digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E Fdecimal value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 156.2 Bit fieldsCertain fields containing an integral value, or
48、parts of fields containing an integral value, are intended to beinterpreted as an array of bits. This array of bits shall be referred to as a bit field.Bit positions within an n bit field are numbered such that the least significant bit is numbered 0 and the mostsignificant bit is numbered n-1.6.3 D
49、escriptor formatsDescriptor formats shall be specified by a table specifying the location, length, name and contents of each field. Theinterpretation of each field shall be given in the prose associated with the table.ECMA-168/1- 6 -Table 1 - Example descriptor formatByte position Length in bytes Name Contents0 4 Data Length (=D_L) Uint32 (1/7.1.5)4 32 Application Identifier regid (1/7.4)36 4 Reserved #00 bytes40 2 Type Int16 (1/7.1.4) =5742 D_L Implementation Use bytesD_L+42 * Padding #00 bytesThe descriptor specified by table 1/1 has six fields: The Data Length field sha
