1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1148:1999IncorporatingAmendment No. 1Heat exchangers Water-to-water heat exchangers for district heating Test procedures for establishing the performance dataThe European Standard EN 1148:1998, with the incorporation of amendment A1:2005, has the status of a British StandardICS
2、 91.140.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 1148:1999This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engi
3、neering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 1999 BSI 27 March 2006ISBN 0 580 30546 5National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1148:1998, including amendment A1:2005. It supersedes
4、 DD ENV 1148:1994, which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by CEN amendment is indicated in the text by tags . Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by .The UK participation
5、in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/30, Heat exchangers, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publicat
6、ions referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessa
7、ry provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpr
8、etation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover.Amendments issued sin
9、ce publicationAmd. No. Date Comments15784 March 2006 See national forewordEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1148September 1998+ A1July 2005ICS 91.140.10English versionHeat exchangers Water-to-water heat exchangers for district heating Test procedures for establishing the performance
10、data(includes amendment A1:2005)Echangeurs thermiques Echangeurs eau/eau pour chauffrage urbain Procdures dessai pour la dtermination des performances (inclut lamendement A1:2005)Wrmeaustauscher Wasser/Wasser-Wrmeaustauscher fr Fernheizung Prfverfahren zur Feststellung des Leistungsdaten (enthlt nde
11、rung A1:2005)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 September 1998. Amendment A1:2005 was approved by CEN on 25 May 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standa
12、rd without any alteration.Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other langu
13、age made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ge
14、rmany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.CENEuropean Committee for StandardizationComit Europen de NormalisationEuropisches Komitee fr NormungCentral
15、 Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1148:1998 + A1:2005 EDescriptors: heat transfer, heat exchangers, heating, hot water heating, tests, determination, thermodyn
16、amic properties, performance evaluation, measurements, calorific powerPage 2EN 1148:1998ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared byTechnical CommitteeCEN/TC 110,Heatexchangers,the Secretariat of which is held by BSI.ThisEuropean Standard supersedes ENV 1148:1993.This European Standard shall
17、be given the status of anational standard, either by publication of an identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1999,and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawnat the latest by March 1999.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,the national standards organizations
18、of the followingcountries are bound to implement this EuropeanStandard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway, Portugal,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.ContentsPageForeword 2Introduction 31 Scope
19、32 Normative references 33 Definitions 34 Symbols 45 Manufacturers data 46 Performance conditions 47 Measurements 68 Testingmethod 69 Testingprocedures 610 Capacity calculation 711 Testreport 8Annex A (informative) Bibliography 9 BSI 27 March 2006This European Standard (EN 1148:1998/A1:2005) has bee
20、n prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 110 “Heat exchangers”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This Amendment to the European Standard EN 1148:1998 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2006,
21、and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2006.This amendment is introduced to delete any reference to conformity assessment.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement
22、this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Forew
23、ord to amendment A1Page 3EN 1148:1998IntroductionThis European Standard is part of a series of EuropeanStandards dedicated to heat exchangers. It has beendrawn up by CEN/TC 110.1 Scope product identification; performance characteristics; pressure drop.This European Standard does not cover technicals
24、afety aspects.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated orundated reference, provisions from other publications.These normative references are cited at theappropriate places in the text and the publications arelisted hereafter. For dated references, subsequentamendments to o
25、r revisions of any of thesepublications apply to this European Standard onlywhen incorporated in it by amendment or revision. Forundated references, the latest edition of the publicationreferred to applies.EN306:1997, Heat exchangers Methods ofmeasuring the parameters necessary for establishingthe p
26、erformance.3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this standard, the followingdefinitionsapply.3.1classificationseries-produced water-to-water heat exchangers fordistrict heating of the following types:a) shell and tube heat exchangers;b) plate heat exchangers3.2district heating heat exchangerheat exchang
27、er transferring heat energy from a districtheating network to a radiator network, domestic warmwater system, ventilation system or to some specialapplicationsIn the following text, the term heat exchanger isused.3.3shell and tube typeheat exchanger consisting of a shell with a tubearrangement inside
28、 the shell3.4plate typeheat exchanger consisting of parallel plates separatingthe two fluids3.5 Water flow3.5.1primary water flowwater flow through the heat exchanger with the higherinlet temperature3.5.2secondary water flowwater flow through the heat exchanger with the lowerinlet temperature3.6capa
29、cityproduct of the water mass flow rate and the differencebetween the specific enthalpies at the inlet and outletconnections3.7 TemperaturesNOTE All temperatures are average values ascertained over acertain period of time.3.7.1water inlet temperaturetemperature of the water at the inlet connection,
30、takinginto consideration the inlet water velocities3.7.2water outlet temperaturetemperature of the water at the outlet connection,taking into consideration the outlet water velocities3.8 Types of test3.8.1testing of a generic type of heat exchanger forspecified duty at a selected range of operatingc
31、onditions3.8.2acceptance testingtesting of a specific heat exchanger, at the appropriateoperating conditions3.8.3performance testingtesting of heat exchangers, usually carried out in situNOTE It can be similar to acceptance testing when detailedthermal hydraulic performance data is required.This sta
32、ndard applies to water-to-water heat exchangers for district heating appliances, and its purpose is to establish uniform methods to test and ascertain the following: BSI 27 March 2006 Note deleted EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories(ISO/I
33、EC 17025:1999). !type of testing“Page 4EN 1148:19984 SymbolsFor the purposes of this European Standard thefollowingapply.4.1 LettersA heat transfer surface m2cpspecific heat capacity kJ/(kgK)F correction factor for LMTD h specific enthalpy kJ/kgk overall heat transfer coefficient W/(m2K)LMTD logarit
34、hmic mean temperaturedifferenceKp pressure PaP capacity kWqvvolume flow rate m3/sqmmass flow rate kg/sr density kg/m3T absolutetemperature Kt temperature 8CDt temperature difference K4.2 Subscripts1 primary side (cooled flow)2 secondary side (heated flow)11 inlet conditions on primary side12 outlet
35、conditions on primary side21 inlet conditions on secondary side22 outlet conditions on secondary sideav averagem massmax maximummin minimumv volume4.3 Special characters(.9) measured value or value calculated frommeasurements(.) value calculated from the manufacturersformula5 Manufacturers dataa) ma
36、nufacturer (name and address);b) type (designation);c) manufacturing number and year;d) internal volumes (primary and secondary);e) installation instructions;f) materials;g) nominal capacity at clean heat exchanger surface(inlet and outlet temperatures, mass flows, pressuredrops and capacity).The da
37、ta shall be supplied before the test is started.6 Performance conditions6.1 Temperature ranges of European districtheating companiesThe operating temperatures of the district heatingcompanies are classified into three groups. Theymainly comprise the operating ranges of the heatexchangers for heating
38、 and domestic hot water.6.2 Test conditionsThe temperature ranges in Table1serve as a guide forthe temperature programs. The manufacturer shallindicate the temperature ranges along with aspecification of the cases of application.Table 1 Temperature rangesValuesin degrees CelsiusTemperature Range 1 R
39、ange 2 Range 3Heating Heating Domesticwarm watert11110to190 65 to 130 65 to 130t1270 to 120 30 to 80 15 to 35t2140 to 70 25 to 70 5 to 15t2280 to 90 30 to 90 50 to 60a) Heat exchanger for room heatingThe heat exchanger shall as a minimum be tested atthree different heat loads and at two different ma
40、ssflows on the secondary side. That means six differentpoints as a minimum for a complete test of range1andrange2respectively.The three different heat loads shall be chosen from aheat load curve related to the outdoor temperature(see example in Figure1). Mass flows on thesecondary side are100% and50
41、% of the design value.Test points are shown in Table2.Table 2 Test point specificationPointnumberPrimaryinletSecondaryinletSecondaryoutletMass flow%1 t11At21At22A1002 t11Bt21Bt22B1003 t11Ct21Ct22C1004 t11At21At22A505 t11Bt21Bt22B506 t11Ct21Ct22C50The heat exchanger to be tested shall be identified b
42、y the following information: BSI 27 March 2006 Page 5EN 1148:1998Water temperatures on primary and secondary sidesHeat load (%)Figure 1 Load curvesb) Heat exchanger for domestic hot waterThe heat exchanger shall as a minimum be tested atthree different heat loads and with two differentprimary inlet
43、temperatures. That means six differentpoints as a minimum for a complete test of range3in Table1.The three different capacities shall be calculated fromthe flows on the secondary side (100%,50% and25%of nominal flow q2). Secondary side temperaturevalues t21and t22are taken from range3in Table1.These
44、 temperatures shall be constant during the wholetest period.The first test shall be conducted with the lowestprimary inlet temperature according to Figure1. Thesecond test shall be conducted with an inlettemperature at least20K higher than the first test.Test points are shown in Table3.Table 3 Test
45、point specificationPointnumberPrimary inlet SecondaryinletSecondaryoutletMassflow%1 t11At21t221002 t11At21t22503 t11At21t22254 $ t11A+20K t21t221005 $ t11A+20K t21t22506 $ t11A+20K t21t2225 BSI 27 March 2006Page 6EN 1148:19987 Measurements7.1 Uncertainty of measurementsThe permissible uncertainty fo
46、r various measurementsis given in Table4.Table 4 Uncertainty of measurementsMeasurements Uncertainty of measurementsTemperature Above1008C 0,15KUp to1008C 0,1KFlow rate 2% of the readingPressure 10kPaPressure drop 1,0% of the reading, or2kPa(the higher value applies)7.2 Measurement criteria7.2.1 Gen
47、eralMethods of measuring the parameters necessary forestablishing the performance are described in EN306.7.2.2 Temperature measuring pointsa) Method AWhen thetemperatureismeasuredon theoutside ofthe connecting pipe, it shall be measured at twoopposite points of the same cross-section and, if thepipe
48、 is horizontal, there shall be one point above andonebelow.The pipe shall be insulated on each side of thetemperature measuring point for a length of atleast10times its outside diameter. It shall be ensuredthat good thermal contact exists between the sensorand the pipe at the measuring point.This me
49、thod is only applicable if the activetemperature difference is small and the internal heattransfer is much better than the external one.b) Method BWhen the temperature is measured by a sensorimmersed into the pipe, care shall be taken thattemperature stratifications and flow patterns do notinfluence the accuracy of the measurements.7.2.3 Pressure measuring pointsThe pressure measuring points shall be located in themiddle of a straight part of pipe of constant diameter,equal to that of the heat ex
