1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12341:2014Ambient air Standard gravimetric measurement method for the determination of the PM10or PM2,5mass concentration of suspended particulate matterBS EN 12341:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12341:2014. I
2、t supersedes BS EN 12341:1999 and BS EN 14907:2005 which are withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not
3、purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 78524 5ICS 13.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obli
4、gations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 12341:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12341 May 2014 ICS 13.040.20 S
5、upersedes EN 12341:1998, EN 14907:2005 English Version Ambient air - Standard gravimetric measurement method for the determination of the PM10or PM2,5 mass concentration of suspended particulate matter Air ambiant - Mthode normalise de mesurage gravimtrique pour la dtermination de la concentration m
6、assique MP10ou MP2,5de matire particulaire en suspension Auenluft - Gravimetrisches Standardmessverfahren fr die Bestimmung der PM10- oder PM2,5-Massenkonzentration des Schwebstaubes This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 April 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Int
7、ernal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to an
8、y CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official v
9、ersions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norwa
10、y, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploi
11、tation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12341:2014 E BS EN 12341:2014EN 12341:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8 3.1 Terms and definitions .8 3.
12、2 Symbols and abbreviations . 10 4 Principle . 12 4.1 Description of the standard measuring principle 12 4.2 Initial use and procedures for ongoing QA/QC . 12 5 Equipment and facilities 13 5.1 Sampling system components 13 5.1.1 General . 13 5.1.2 Standard inlet design . 14 5.1.3 Connecting pipe wor
13、k 15 5.1.4 Filter holder and filter . 15 5.1.5 Flow control system . 16 5.1.6 Sampling period 16 5.1.7 Leak tightness of the sampling system 16 5.1.8 Storage conditions . 17 5.2 Weighing facilities 17 5.2.1 General . 17 5.2.2 Weighing room 18 5.2.3 Balance 18 6 Filter conditioning, sampling and weig
14、hing procedures 19 6.1 General . 19 6.2 Filter conditioning and weighing prior to sampling 19 6.3 Sampling procedure . 20 6.3.1 Filter cassette loading 20 6.3.2 Filter sampling 20 6.3.3 Sample storage and transport procedures 20 6.4 Filter conditioning and weighing after sampling . 20 6.5 Weighing r
15、oom procedures . 21 6.6 Filter blanks for ongoing quality control 21 6.6.1 General . 21 6.6.2 Weighing room blanks . 21 6.6.3 Field blanks . 22 7 Ongoing quality control . 22 7.1 General . 22 7.2 Frequency of calibrations, checks and maintenance . 22 7.3 Maintenance of the sampling system . 23 7.4 C
16、hecks of sampler sensors . 23 7.5 Calibration of sampler sensors . 24 7.6 Checks of the sampler flow rate 24 7.7 Calibration of the sampler flow rate 24 7.8 Leak check of the sampling system . 24 7.9 Checks of weighing room sensors . 24 7.10 Calibration of weighing room sensors . 25 7.11 Balance 25
17、BS EN 12341:2014EN 12341:2014 (E) 3 8 Expression of results 25 9 Performance characteristics of the method . 25 9.1 General . 25 9.2 GUM concept . 25 9.3 Individual uncertainty sources 27 9.3.1 General . 27 9.3.2 Collected particulate mass . 27 9.3.3 Time (t) 30 9.3.4 Uncertainty budget 30 9.4 Expan
18、ded uncertainty vs. EU Data Quality Objectives . 32 Annex A (normative) Design drawing of standard inlet for the sampling of PM10and PM2,534 Annex B (normative) Other samplers . 35 Annex C (informative) Scheme of PM standard sampler 44 Annex D (informative) Suitability tests for filters. 45 Annex E
19、(normative) Initial suitability testing of weighing facilities . 47 Annex F (informative) Results of experimental work 48 Annex G (informative) Impactor efficiency . 50 Bibliography 52 BS EN 12341:2014EN 12341:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 12341:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee
20、 CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the lates
21、t by November 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12341:1998 and EN 14907:2005. This doc
22、ument has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports Essential Requirements of the Council Directive 2008/50/EC 1. EN 12341:2014 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 12341:1998 and EN 1
23、4907:2005: this document is adapted from EN 14907:2005 due to consideration of best available technology; the three different standard reference methods for PM10described in EN 12341:1998 and the two different standard reference methods for PM2,5described in EN 14907:2005 are replaced in this docume
24、nt by only one possible standard reference method for each of PM10or PM2,5. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D
25、enmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 12341:
26、2014EN 12341:2014 (E) 5 Introduction For air quality across the European Union to be assessed on a consistent basis, Member States need to employ standard measurement techniques and procedures. The aim of this European Standard is to present a harmonized methodology for monitoring the mass concentra
27、tions of suspended particulate matter (PM10and PM2,5respectively) in ambient air, following Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe 1 which sets the parameters specific to the assessment of ambient concentration levels of particulate matter. NOTE In principle, the meth
28、odology described in this European Standard may also be used for measurement of mass concentrations of other PM fractions such as PM1. However, this European Standard does not describe standardized sampling inlets for such fractions. This European Standard merges the earlier European Standards EN 12
29、341:1998 2 and EN 14907:2005 3 with the aim of harmonizing the very similar procedures that are used to measure mass concentrations of both fractions of particulate matter in ambient air. The European Standard method described in this European Standard is focussed primarily on harmonization and impr
30、ovement of the data quality of measurement methods used in monitoring networks, with regard to avoiding unnecessary discontinuities with historical data. It is a method that is suited for practical use in routine monitoring, but not necessarily the method with the highest metrological quality. There
31、 are no traceable reference standards for PM10or PM2,5measurements. Therefore, the standard method defines the measured quantity by convention, specifically by the sample inlet design and associated operational parameters covering the whole measurement process. This European Standard contains: a des
32、cription of a manual gravimetric standard measurement method for PM10or PM2,5using sequential samplers or single-filter samplers; a summary of performance requirements of the method; requirements for suitability testing of facilities and equipment on initial application of the method; requirements f
33、or ongoing quality assurance / quality control when applying the method in the field; the assessment of measurement uncertainty of the results of this European Standard method; (tentative) criteria and test methods for the evaluation of the suitability of filters for application using this method. T
34、he performance characteristics and requirements described in this European Standard were partly determined in different comparative and validation trials. The trials were sponsored by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. However, for lack of appropriate criteria and proto
35、cols to test filters for fitness for purpose, considerable differences may exist between results obtained when using different filter types, and even filters of the same type. For example, differences of up to 15 % have been found when applying different brands of quartz-fibre filters in parallel me
36、asurements of PM10for concentrations around 50 % of the daily limit value 4. This may have implications for results produced by automated measurement systems as these are calibrated by comparison of results with those obtained using reference samplers (CEN/TS 16450:2013 5). In principle, the filters
37、 collected for the purpose of determining the mass concentrations of PM10or PM2,5can be used for further speciation, e.g. for the determination of concentrations of: heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (see EN 14902 6 and EN 15549 7) in conformity with Directive 2004/107/EC 8, BS EN 12
38、341:2014EN 12341:2014 (E) 6 constituents of PM2,5(see CEN/TR 16243 9 and CEN/TR 16269 10) to be used for source apportionment as required by Directive 2008/50/EC. Additional requirements might have to be considered for those purposes (e.g. blank values of chemical constituents). However, the require
39、ments of this European Standard are targeted firstly towards obtaining optimum results for the measurement of mass concentrations of PM10or PM2,5. BS EN 12341:2014EN 12341:2014 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard describes a standard method for determining the PM10or PM2,5mass concentrations of sus
40、pended particulate matter in ambient air by sampling the particulate matter on filters and weighing them by means of a balance. Measurements are performed with samplers with inlet designs as specified in Annex A, operating at a nominal flow rate of 2,3 m3/h, over a nominal sampling period of 24 h. M
41、easurement results are expressed in g/m3, where the volume of air is the volume at ambient conditions near the inlet at the time of sampling. The range of application of this European Standard is from approximately 1 g/m3(i.e. the limit of detection of the standard measurement method expressed as it
42、s uncertainty) up to 150 g/m3for PM10and 120 g/m3for PM2,5. NOTE 1 Although the European Standard is not validated for higher concentrations, its range of application could well be extended to ambient air concentrations up to circa 200 g/m3when using suitable filter materials (see 5.1.4). This Europ
43、ean Standard describes procedures and gives requirements for the use of so-called sequential samplers, equipped with a filter changer, suitable for extended stand-alone operation. Sequential samplers are commonly used throughout the European Union for the measurement of concentrations in ambient air
44、 of PM10or PM2,5. However, this European Standard does not exclude the use of single-filter samplers. This European Standard does not give procedures for the demonstration of equivalence of other sampler types, e.g. equipped with a different aerosol classifier and/or operating at different flow rate
45、s. Such procedures and requirements are given in detail in the Guide to the Demonstration of Equivalence of Ambient Air Monitoring Methods 11 and for automated continuous PM monitors (see CEN/TS 16450:2013). The present European Standard represents an evolution of earlier European Standards (EN 1234
46、1:1998 and EN 14907:2005) through the development of the 2,3 m3/h sampler to include constraints on the filter temperature during and after sampling and the ability to monitor temperatures at critical points in the sampling system. It is recommended that when equipment is procured it complies fully
47、with the present European Standard. However, older versions of these 2,3 m3/h samplers that do not employ sheath air cooling, the ability to cool filters after sampling, or the ability to monitor temperatures at critical points in the sampling system have a special status in terms of their use as re
48、ference samplers. Historical results obtained using these samplers will remain valid. These samplers can still be used for monitoring purposes and for equivalence trials, provided that a well justified additional allowance is made to their uncertainties (see Annex B). In addition, three specific sam
49、pling systems the “long nozzle” 2,3 m3/h sampler and the 68 m3/h sampler for PM10in EN 12341:1998, and the 30 m3/h PM2,5inlet in EN 14907:2005 also have a special status in terms of their use as reference samplers. Historical results obtained using these samplers will remain valid. These samplers can still be used for monitoring purposes and for equivalence trials, provided that a well-justified additional allowance is made to their uncertainties (see Annex B). Other sampling systems, as described in Annex B of this Eu
