1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13146-7:2012Railway applications Track Test methods for fasteningsystemsPart 7: Determination of clamping forceBS EN 13146-7:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis Brit
2、ish Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13146-7:2012.It supersedes BS EN 13146-7:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request
3、 to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 68152 3ICS 45.080Compliance with a British Standard
4、 cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13146-7:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13146-7 Apr
5、il 2012 ICS 93.100 Supersedes EN 13146-7:2002English Version Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 7: Determination of clamping force Applications ferroviaires - Voies - Mthodes dessai pour les systmes de fixation - Partie 7: Dtermination de leffort dapplication au
6、 patin de rail Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prfverfahren fr Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 7: Bestimmung der Spannkraft This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 November 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for givi
7、ng this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three offi
8、cial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of
9、 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
10、Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13146-7:2012: E
11、BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope. 42 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 43.1 Terms and definitions 43.2 Symbols and abbreviations 44 Principle 45 Apparatus . 55.1 Rail . 55.2 Loading device . 55.3 Measuring and recording
12、 instruments 55.4 Calibration 55.5 Steel shims . 56 Test specimens 56.1 Sleeper, bearer or concrete block 56.2 Fastening components 57 Test procedure . 57.1 Preparation for test 57.2 Loading and measurement for assemblies incorporating a rail pad 67.3 Loading and measurement for assemblies not incor
13、porating a rail pad . 68 Test report 8BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13146-7:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national s
14、tandard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rig
15、hts. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13146-7:2002. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. In this revision of EN 13146
16、-7:2002, the alternative test procedure has been omitted. No other major changes have been made. This European Standard is one of the series EN 13146 “Railway applications Track Test methods for fastening systems“ which consists of the following parts: Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail rest
17、raint; Part 2: Determination of torsional resistance; Part 3: Determination of attenuation of impact loads; Part 4: Effect of repeated loading; Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance; Part 6: Effect of severe environmental conditions; Part 7: Determination of clamping force; Part 8: In servi
18、ce testing; Part 9: Determination of stiffness. These support the requirements in the series EN 13481 “Railway applications Track Performance requirements for fastening systems“. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bo
19、und to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
20、 Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a laboratory test procedure for determining the clamping force exerted by the fastening system on the foot of a rail by measuring the force to separate the rail foot
21、from its immediate support. It is applicable to systems with and without baseplates on all types of sleepers, bearers and elements of slab track. The test does not determine the security of fastening components fixed into the sleeper or other fastening system support. This test procedure applies to
22、a complete fastening assembly. It is not applicable to fastening systems for embedded rail. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies
23、. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13481-1:2012, Railway applications Track Performance requirements for fastening systems Part 1: Definitions EN ISO 7500-1:2004, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing ma
24、chines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13481-1:2012 apply. 3
25、.2 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. d for direct fastening systems - vertical displacement of the rail relative to the sleeper, in mm; for indirect fastening systems vertical displacement of the rail relative to the baseplate, in mm; msmass of
26、 sleeper or part sleeper and fastening components fixed to it, used in the test, in kg; mfmass of loading frame supported by the sleeper, in kg; P vertical load applied to the rail, in kN; P0vertical load at zero rail displacement which just counteracts the clamping force, in kN. 4 Principle The cla
27、mping force for a complete rail fastening assembly is determined by measuring the force necessary to separate the rail from the surface on which it is supported. BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 5 5 Apparatus 5.1 Rail A short length (approximately 0,5 m or the length of the test specimen for em
28、bedded rail) of rail, of the section for which the fastening assembly under test is designed. The rail shall be unlaminated and have neither loose rust on the surface nor be polished on the foot by repeated testing. 5.2 Loading device A device to apply a vertical load to the rail at a controlled rat
29、e of approximately 10 kN/m. 5.3 Measuring and recording instruments Instruments which measure the vertical displacement of the rail support (baseplate or sleeper) relative to the rail with an accuracy of 0,1 mm and instruments conforming to EN ISO 7500-1:2004, Class 1 which measure the applied force
30、. The recording instruments shall be capable of plotting load-displacement diagrams. 5.4 Calibration The calibration of actuators and measuring instruments shall be verified periodically with equipment having certified traceability to European or International Standards using the International Syste
31、m of Units (SI). 5.5 Steel shims Steel shims 25 mm 25 mm 0,25 mm, maximum thickness 0,30 mm. 6 Test specimens 6.1 Sleeper, bearer or concrete block A portion of a sleeper, bearer or a concrete block whose centroid is approximately at the centre line of the rail seat or baseplate support area. This i
32、s described as a sleeper in the test procedure. 6.2 Fastening components All fastening components, as used in track, including baseplates where incorporated. 7 Test procedure 7.1 Preparation for test Fix the rail to the sleeper, with the baseplate if part of the assembly, using the fastening compone
33、nts assembled as in track. If the test is to be conducted on an indirect fastening system, the clamps may be fixed over the baseplate providing that movement of the rail relative to the baseplate is not constrained. NOTE 1 If a rail pad is used which is shaped to provide positive location in the ass
34、embly, the edges of the pad can be cut off to simplify removal of the pad as described in 7.2. The portion of the pad under the rail should not be cut. BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 6 NOTE 2 For fastening assemblies for switches and crossings which incorporate long baseplates additional fixi
35、ngs may be made into the supporting bearer or slab to minimize bending of the baseplate during this test. Clamp the portion of sleeper to the base of the test fixture. Set up the test arrangement as shown in Figure 1 to permit a load P to be applied to the rail normal to the rail seat. Locate one di
36、splacement transducer at each of the four corners of the rail seat to measure d. Zero the displacement transducers. 7.2 Loading and measurement for assemblies incorporating a rail pad Apply an increasing tensile load P to the rail, ensuring that the rail base is kept parallel to the rail seat withou
37、t tilting, until the pad can just be moved. Remove the pad and decrease the load until the average of the displacement transducers is zero. Record the load P and then reduce the load to approximately 0,9 P. Whilst recording d (the average of the four transducers) increase the load P at a rate not ex
38、ceeding 10 kN/min until the load is 1,1 P. From the load-displacement diagram (Figure 2) read off the value of P0at d = 0 which is taken as the clamping force. Repeat the procedure twice more and calculate the mean clamping force. 7.3 Loading and measurement for assemblies not incorporating a rail p
39、ad Apply an increasing tensile load P to the rail until there is a clear space under the rail which is just sufficient to allow insertion of four steel shims under the rail, one at each corner of the rail seat. Reduce the load P to zero and then reapply an increasing load until a value is reached at
40、 which it is just possible to move all the shims by hand. This load is P0which is taken as the clamping force. Repeat the procedure twice more and calculate the mean clamping force. BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 7 Figure 1 Test arrangement BS EN 13146-7:2012EN 13146-7:2012 (E) 8 Key 1 displa
41、cement d, in mm 2 load P, in kN Figure 2 Load/displacement diagram 8 Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: a) number, date of issue and title of this European Standard; b) name and address of laboratory performing the test; c) date test performed; d) name, des
42、ignation and description of fastening assembly, including individual components, tested; e) origin of test specimens; f) rail section used in test; g) load/displacement diagram; h) mean clamping force. This page deliberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing Br
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