1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1316-1:2012Hardwood round timber Qualitative classificationPart 1: Oak and beechBS EN 1316-1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implement
2、ation of EN 1316-1:2012. It supersedes BS EN 1316-1:1997 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/543, Round and sawn timber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication doe
3、s not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 69386 1 ICS 79.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from lega
4、l obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 1316-1:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1316-1 October 2012 ICS 79.040 Su
5、persedes EN 1316-1:1997English Version Hardwood round timber - Qualitative classification - Part 1: Oak and beech Bois ronds feuillus - Classement qualitatif - Partie 1: Chne et htre Laub-Rundholz - Qualitts-Sortierung - Teil 1: Eiche und Buche This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 August
6、 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtain
7、ed on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-
8、CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
9、Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marni
10、x 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1316-1:2012: EBS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Qualitative classif
11、ication .44.1 Grading principles .44.2 Designation of grades .54.3 Features to be taken into account for the classification .55 Tables of rules of grading .6BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1316-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and sa
12、wn timber”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2013
13、. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1316-1:1997. This standard is one of a series of standar
14、ds concerning round timber (softwoods and hardwoods). Other parts of this standard are: EN 1316-2, Hardwood round timber Qualitative classification Part 2: Poplar The main changes compared to the previous edition are: a) Clause 4 “qualitative classification” completely revised and classes A to D def
15、ined; b) Table 1 “grading rules for oak” revised and new features added; c) Table 2 “grading rules for beech” revised and new features added; d) Editorial revision. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to impleme
16、nt this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, S
17、lovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a qualitative classification and grade designations for felled round timber of oak and beech presented in the form of long poles or logs. The c
18、lassifications describe quality classes of round timbers for which the intended use is not known. The classification applies for the following species: Oaks, Quercus sessiliflora SALISB. (or Quercus petraea LIEBL.), Quercus robur L. (or Quercus pedunculata EHRH.) and Beech (Fagus sylvatica L). 2 Nor
19、mative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments
20、) applies. EN 844-1:1995, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 1: General terms common to round timber and sawn timber EN 844-2:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 2: General terms relating to round timber EN 844-5:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 5: Terms relating to dimensio
21、ns of round timber EN 844-7:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 7: Terms relating to anatomical structure of timber EN 844-8:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 8: Terms relating to features of round timber EN 844-10:1998, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 10: Terms relating t
22、o stain and fungal attack EN 1309-2, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of dimensions Part 2: Round timber Requirements for measurement and volume calculation rules EN 1310, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of features EN 1311, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of biolo
23、gical degrade 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 844-1:1995, EN 844-2:1997, EN 844-5:1997, EN 844-7:1997, EN 844-8:1997 and EN 844-10:1998 apply. 4 Qualitative classification 4.1 Grading principles Each long pole, log or portion of a roun
24、d timber individualized by a theoretical crosscut point, is qualified according to its dimensions and to the presence, size, and distribution (e.g. concentration) of specific features. BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 5 4.2 Designation of grades The qualitative grading has four classes; A, B, C a
25、nd D. The grading is based on the following general de-scription of quality classes: Quality class A First quality timber: generally corresponding to a butt log with clear timber or with only minor features which do not restrict use. Quality class B Timber of average to first quality, with no specif
26、ic requirements for clear wood. Knots are permitted to such an extent as is considered to be average for each species. Quality class C Timber of average to low quality, allowing all quality features which do not seriously reduce the natural features of the wood. Quality class D Timber which can be s
27、awn into usable wood, which, because of its features, falls into none of the quality classes A, B or C. 4.3 Features to be taken into account for the classification The classes are defined more precisely in Table 1 for oak and Table 2 for beech. All the listed qualitative features in Table 1 and Tab
28、le 2 shall be taken into account when a class is assigned and measurements shall be made according to EN 1309-2, EN 1310 and EN 1311. In the case of one feature exceeding the limit of the class, which would lead to a downgrading, the reduction of length or diameter excluding the feature may allow to
29、 remain in this class. This classification shall be completed with the Latin name of specified species. The abbreviation of this Latin name can also be used instead of the full name. EXAMPLE 1 Oak: Quercus class B or Q-B. EXAMPLE 2 Beech: Fagus class B or F-B. BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 6 5
30、 Tables of rules of grading Table 1 Grading rules for oak (1 of 2) Features Classes A B C Dc(1) dimension minimum length3 mb3 mb2 mb2 mbminimum mid diameter under barka40 cmb35 cmb30 cmb20 cmb(2) nail and epicormic shoot 1 per 3 m permitted permitted permitted (3) sound knots 1 per 3 m ( 2 cm)1 per
31、1 m ( 4 cm) or 1 per 3 m ( 6 cm) permitted permitted (4) unsound knots (including roses) not permitted 1 per 2 m ( 3 cm; 4 cm for roses) no limitation for knots 3 cm and roses 4 cm; 1 per 2 m 10 cm permitted (5) burl not permitted 1 per 2 m permitted permitted (6) star shake permitted in the central
32、 fifth of the radius permitted in the central third of the radius permitted in the central 2/3 of the radius permitted (7) ring shake not permitted permitted in the central fourth of the radius on the butt end only permitted on the butt end only permitted (8) crack not permitted length of the crack
33、on the surface shall be smaller than the mid diameterdlength of the crack on the surface shall be smaller than the doubled mid diameterdpermitted (9) frost crack not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted (10) insect attack not permitted not permitted permitted in sapwood permitted (11) T d
34、isease not permitted not permitted permitted permitted (12) sapwood 3 cm unlimited unlimited unlimited (13) rate of growth 4 mm unlimited unlimited unlimited BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 7 Table 1 Grading rules for oak (2 of 2) Features Classes A B C Dc(14) colour homogeneousbno require-ments
35、 no require-ments no require-ments (15) eccentric pith 10 % 20 % unlimited unlimited (16) spiral grain 4 cm/m 7 cm/m permitted permitted (17) simple sweep 2 cm/m 4 cm/m 10 cm/m permitted (18) included sapwood not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted (19) rotnot permitted permitted in the
36、sapwood permitted in the sapwood and permitted in the central fourth of the diameter permitted (20) brown oaknot permitted not permitted permitted in the central 1/3 of diameter permitted For other features, as e.g. brown spot, brown streak, ovality, specific contract regulations are recommended. aC
37、ontractors need to agree on a bark reduction. bExcept clauses stipulated by contract. cProvided that at least 80 % of the cross section is usable on the complete length. dIn case of traversing cracks, a reduction in length should be arranged. eIn case of white rot, a reduction in length should be ar
38、ranged. BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 8 Table 2 Grading rules for beech(1 of 2) Features Class A B C De(1) dimensions minimum length3 mb3 mb2 mb2 m minimum mid-diameter under barka40 cmb35 cmb25 cmb20 cm (2) sound knots 1 per 3 m ( 4 cm) 1 per 1 m ( 6 cm); or 1 per 2 m ( 8 cm) permitted permit
39、ted (3) unsound knots not permitted not permitted Sum of knot diameters 8 cm per 2 m permitted (4) covered knots 1 per 3 m if branch scar quotient 1:4 1 per 1 m if branch scar quotient 1:2 and height of scar 10 cm 2 per 1 m permitted (5) spiral grain 3 cm/m 7 cm/m unlimited unlimited (6) eccentric p
40、ith 10 % 20 % unlimited unlimited (7) simple sweep 2 cm/m 4 cm/m 8 cm/m permitted (8) ovality 15 % unlimited unlimited unlimited (9) fluting not permitted not permitted permitted permitted (10) traversing crack not permitted one permitted in one level; length of the crack on the surface shall be sma
41、ller than the mid diameter one permitted in one level if the length of the crack on the sur-face is smaller than the doubled mid diameter permitted (11) other cracks not permitted not permitted permitted, if the longest length of the crack on the surface is smaller than the mid diameter permitted (1
42、2) insect attack not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted (13) rot (% of the diameter) not permitted 15 in the heart 25 in the heart permitted (14) red heart (% of the diameter) 15 c 30 dpermitted permitted (15) star red heart (% of the diameter) not permitted 10 40 permitted BS EN 1316-1
43、:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 9 Table 2 Grading rules for beech (2 of 2) Features Class A B C De(16) stain not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted (17) T disease not permitted 1 per m permitted permitted a Contractors need to agree on a bark reduction. bExcept clauses stipulated by contract. c
44、An “A red heart” under-class allows 100 % of homogeneous red heart, but otherwise sound. dA “B red heart” under-class allows 100 % of homogeneous red heart, but otherwise sound. dFor all the features, in class D, 40 % of the volume of the wood shall be useable. This page deliberately left blankThis
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