1、BSEN13261:2009ICS 45.040NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISHSTANDARDRailway applications Wheelsets and bogiesAxPrurequirements+A1:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13261:2009+A1:2010. It supersedes BS EN 13261:2009 whic
2、h is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was ent
3、rusted by RAE/3, Railway applications - Rolling Stock Material, to Technical Committee RAE/3/-/1, Railway Applications - Wheels and wheelsets.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessa
4、ry provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 13261:2009+A1:2010This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2
5、009 BSI 2010Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 December 2010 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2010ISBN 978 0 580 70708 7EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13261:2009+A1 October 2010 ICS 45.040 Supersedes EN 13261:2009English Version Railway application
6、s - Wheelsets and bogies - Axles - Product requirements Applications ferroviaires - Essieux monts et bogies - Essieux-axes - Prescriptions pour le produit Bahnanwendungen - Radstze und Drehgestelle - Radsatzwellen - Produktanforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 November 2008
7、and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 September 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical ref
8、erences concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN membe
9、r into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
10、 Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B
11、-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13261:2009+A1:2010: EEN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 5 Introduction .6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Product definition 8 3.1 Chemical co
12、mposition 8 3.1.1 Values to be achieved .8 3.1.2 Location of sample 8 3.1.3 Chemical analysis 8 3.2 Mechanical characteristics .9 3.2.1 Characteristics from tensile test 9 3.2.2 Impact test characteristics 10 3.2.3 Fatigue characteristics . 13 3.3 Microstructure characteristics 15 3.3.1 Values to be
13、 achieved 15 3.3.2 Location of the test piece 15 3.3.3 Test method . 15 3.4 Material cleanliness 15 3.4.1 Micrographic cleanliness . 15 3.4.2 Internal integrity 16 3.5 Permeability to ultrasound 17 3.5.1 General . 17 3.5.2 Level to be achieved . 17 3.5.3 Test piece 17 3.5.4 Test method . 17 3.6 Resi
14、dual stresses . 17 3.6.1 General . 17 3.6.2 Values to be achieved 18 3.6.3 Test piece and position of measurement points . 18 3.6.4 Measurement method . 18 3.7 Surface characteristics 18 3.7.1 Surface finish 18 3.7.2 Surface integrity 21 3.8 Geometrical and dimensional tolerances 22 3.9 Protection a
15、gainst corrosion and against mechanical aggression . 27 3.9.1 Final protection . 27 3.9.2 Temporary protection . 31 3.10 Marking 31 Annex A (normative) Particular characteristics for axles of steel grade EA1T and EA4T . 33 A.1 Chemical composition . 33 A.2 Mechanical characteristics 33 A.2.1 Charact
16、eristics from tensile test . 33 A.2.2 Impact test characteristics 33 A.2.3 Fatigue characteristics . 34 A.3 Metallographic characteristics 34 Annex B (normative) Standard wedge for measurement of permeability to ultrasound 35 B.1 Test piece 35 B.2 Tolerances of the wedge 35 B.3 Steel grade . 35 BS E
17、N 13261:2009+A1:2010EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 3 Annex C (normative) Method to assess resistance to impact of the coating . 36 C.1 Principle 36 C.2 Test piece . 36 C.3 Apparatus . 36 C.4 Procedure . 36 C.5 Expression of results 36 Annex D (normative) Method to assess resistance to gritting of the coa
18、ting 37 D.1 Principle 37 D.2 Test piece . 37 D.3 Apparatus . 37 D.4 Procedure . 37 D.5 Expression of results 37 Annex E (normative) Method to assess the resistance of the coating to specific corrosive products . 38 E.1 Principle 38 E.2 Test piece . 38 E.3 Apparatus . 38 E.4 Corrosive products . 38 E
19、.5 Procedure . 38 E.6 Expression of results 39 Annex F (normative) Method to assess the resistance of the coating to cyclic mechanical stresses 40 F.1 Purpose 40 F.2 Principle 40 F.3 Test piece . 40 F.4 Apparatus . 40 F.5 Procedure . 40 F.6 Expression of results 41 Annex G (normative) Measurement of
20、 the hydrogen content in the steel for axles at the melting stage . 42 G.1 Sampling. 42 G.2 Analysis methods 42 G.3 Precautions 42 Annex H (informative) Drawings of test pieces 43 Annex I (informative) Product qualification 45 I.1 Introduction 45 I.2 General . 45 I.3 Requirements . 45 I.3.1 Requirem
21、ents to be met by the supplier . 45 I.3.2 Requirements to be met by the product . 46 I.4 Qualification procedure 46 I.4.1 General . 46 I.4.2 Documentation required . 46 I.4.3 Evaluation of the manufacturing plant and of the production processes . 47 I.4.4 Laboratory tests 47 I.5 Qualification certif
22、icate . 47 I.5.1 Condition of validity 47 I.5.2 Modification and extension 48 I.5.3 Transference 48 I.5.4 Lapsed certification . 48 I.5.5 Cancellation . 48 I.6 Qualification file . 48 Annex J (informative) Product delivery 49 J.1 Introduction 49 J.2 General . 49 J.3 Delivery condition . 50 BS EN 132
23、61:2009+A1:2010EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 4 J.4 Controls on each axle 50 J.5 Batch control . 50 J.5.1 Controls . 50 J.5.2 Permeability to ultrasound 51 J.5.3 Surface finish 52 J.5.4 Visual examination . 52 J.6 Quality plan . 52 J.6.1 General . 52 J.6.2 Purpose 52 J.6.3 Application of the quality plan
24、 52 J.7 Allowable rectification 53 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC“ . 54 Bibliography . 57 BS EN 13261:2009+A1:2010EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 13261:2009+A1:2010) has been prepare
25、d by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011, and conflicting national standards
26、shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document comprises amendment 1 ad
27、opted by CEN on 2010-09-14. This document supersedes EN 13261:2009. The start and end of the text added or modified by the amendment is indicated in the text by the !“ marks. !This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free T
28、rade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC.“ !For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.“ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the fol
29、lowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slo
30、vakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13261:2009+A1:2010EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 6 Introduction Normative documents which have been used until now in Europe for axle delivery (UIC leaflets, national standards) had, for the main purpose, a complete definition of d
31、elivery procedures and axle characteristics that were to be measured. Product qualification was sometimes mentioned, but the procedures and the characteristics that had to be verified for the qualification were not given. This standard addresses these issues by: a) definition of all axle characteris
32、tics; these are verified either during qualification or delivery of the product (see clause 3); b) definition of qualification procedures (see Annex I); c) definition of delivery conditions (see Annex J); here, a choice is given to the supplier of either: 1) a traditional delivery procedure with a c
33、ontrol by batch sampling as in existing documents (see J.5), or; 2) a delivery procedure using quality assurance concepts (see J.6). BS EN 13261:2009+A1:2010EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the characteristics of axles for use on European networks. It defines char
34、acteristics of forged or rolled solid and hollow axles, made from vacuum-degassed steel grade EA1N1that is the most commonly used grade on European networks. For hollow axles, this standard applies only to those that are manufactured by machining of a hole in a forged or rolled solid axle In additio
35、n, the particular characteristics for axles in grade EA1T1and EA4T1are given in Annex A. Two categories of axle are defined, category 1 and category 2. Generally, category 1 is chosen when the operational speed is higher than 200 km/h. This standard is applicable to axles that are designed in accord
36、ance with the requirements of EN 13103 and EN 13104. NOTE Different values for some characteristics may be agreed if a particular process of fabrication (e.g. cold rolling, shot peening, shot peening, steel cleanliness, reduction ratio, improved material properties from melting and heat treatment pr
37、ocesses, etc.) has an influence on them. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendm
38、ents) applies. EN 10002-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature EN 10045-1, Metallic materials Charpy impact test Part 1: Test method EN 13103, Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Non-powered axles Design method EN 13104, Railway applications Wheelse
39、ts and bogies Powered axles Design method EN 13260, Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Wheelsets Product requirements EN 20898-2:1993, Mechanical properties of fasteners Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values Coarse thread (ISO 898-2:1992) EN 22768-1, General tolerances Part 1: Toleran
40、ces for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications (ISO 2768-1:1989) EN 22768-2, General tolerances Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications (ISO 2768-2:1989) EN ISO 643:2003, Steels Micrographic determination of the apparent gr
41、ain size (ISO 643:2003) EN ISO 2409:2007, Paints and varnishes Cross-cut test (ISO 2409:2007) 1N for a normalized metallurgical condition T for a quenched and tempered metallurgical condition BS EN 13261:2009+A1:2010EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 8 EN ISO 2808:2007, Paints and varnishes Determination of
42、film thickness (ISO 2808:2007) EN ISO 9227:2006, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres Salt spray tests (ISO 9227:2006) EN ISO 14284:2002, Steel and iron Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition (ISO 14284:1996) ISO 4967:1998, Steel Determination of conte
43、nt of non-metallic inclusions Micrographic method using standard diagrams ISO 5948:1994, Railway rolling stock material Ultrasonic acceptance testing ISO 6933:1986, Railway rolling stock material Magnetic particle acceptance testing . ISO/TR 97692Steel and iron Review of available methods of analysi
44、s. 3 Product definition 3.1 Chemical composition 3.1.1 Values to be achieved The maximum percentage contents of the various elements are given in Table 1. Table 1 Limit values by product analysis (%) C Si Mn P aS abCr Cu Mo Ni V 0,40 0,50 1,20 0,020 0,020 0,30 0,30 0,08 0,30 0,06 aA maximum content
45、of 0,025 % may be agreed at the time of enquiry and the order. bA minimum sulfur content may be agreed at the time of enquiry and the order according to the steelmaking process, in order to safeguard against hydrogen embrittlement. 3.1.2 Location of sample The test sample shall be taken at mid-radiu
46、s of solid axles or at mid-distance between external and internal surfaces of hollow axles. 3.1.3 Chemical analysis The chemical composition analysis shall be performed according to the methods and definitions described in ISO/TR 9769. 2See also CEN/TR 10261. BS EN 13261:2009+A1:2010EN 13261:2009+A1
47、:2010 (E) 9 3.2 Mechanical characteristics 3.2.1 Characteristics from tensile test 3.2.1.1 Values to be achieved The values to be achieved at mid-radius of solid axles or at mid-distance between external and internal surfaces of hollow axles are given in Table 2. The values to be achieved near the e
48、xternal surface shall be greater than or equal to 0,95 times the values measured at mid-radius of solid axles or at the mid-distance between external and internal surfaces of hollow axles. The values to be achieved in the centre of solid axles or near the internal surface of hollow axles shall be gr
49、eater than or equal to 0,8 times the values measured at mid-radius or at mid-distance between external and internal surfaces. Table 2 Values to be achieved at mid-radius of solid axles or at mid-distance between external and internal surfaces of hollow axles ReH(N/mm)aRm(N/mm) A5% 320 550-650 22 aIf no distinctive yield strength is present, the proof stress Rp0,2shall be determined. 3.2.1.2 Location of test pieces The test pieces shall be taken from three levels in the largest axle section: 1) as near as possible
