1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13581:2002 Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Test methods Determination of loss of mass of hydrophobic impregnated concrete after freeze-thaw salt stress The European Standard EN 13581:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.080
2、.40; 91.100.30 BS EN 13581:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 18 September 2002 BSI 18 September 2002 ISBN
3、 0 580 40401 3 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13581:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/8, Protection and repair of concrete structures, which has the respons
4、ibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “I
5、nternational Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with
6、a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related internatio
7、nal and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last
8、issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13581 August 2002 ICS 91.080.40; 91.100.30 English version Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test method - Determination of loss of mass of
9、 hydrophobic impregnated concrete after freeze-thaw salt stress Produits et systmes pour la protection et la rparation des structures en bton - Mthode dessai - Dtermination de la perte de masse aprs la mthode dessai de gel-dgel dun bton hydrofuge Produkte und Systeme fr den Schutz und die Instandset
10、zung von Betontragwerken - Prfverfahren - Bestimmung des Masseverlustes von hydrophobiertem Beton nach der Beanspruchung durch Frost-Tausalz- Wechsel This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 December 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipul
11、ate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exist
12、s in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies
13、 of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORM
14、UNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13581:2002 EEN 13581:2002 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Symbols 4 4 Principle5 5 A
15、pparatus .5 6 Preparation of test samples5 7 Treatment6 8 Test procedure.6 9 Expression of results 8 10 Test Report.9 Annex A (normative) Graphic change of mass above cycles.10 Annex B (informative) 11EN 13581:2002 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13581:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee
16、 CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. It has been elaborated by Subcommittee SC 8 “Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status o
17、f a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2003. The annex A is normative and the annex B is informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re
18、gulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
19、 and the United Kingdom.EN 13581:2002 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard is one of a series dealing with products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. It specifies a method for determining the loss of mass after freeze-thaw salt stress in sodium chloride solution. It c
20、an be used to test the resistance of hydrophobic impregnated concrete as well as the untreated concrete. There are two types of concrete deterioration when a freeze-thaw attack occurs: surface scaling and internal damage. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated
21、 reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when inc
22、orporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 1766, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Reference concrete for testing. 3 Symbols Symbol Expl
23、anation Unit C Difference between the reached number of cycles of untreated and treated test cubes - C Consumption of impregnant during treatment g/m 2 C abs Quantity of fluid absorbed of one test cube during immersion in 3 % NaCl-solution % C abs, m Quantity of fluid absorbed of four test cubes dur
24、ing immersion in 3 % NaCl-solution; Mean value of treated an untreated test cubes % C m Mean consumption of impregnant during treatment g/m 2 C n Consumption of impregnant for each face of the cube during treatment g/m 2 C u Reached number of cycles of untreated test cubes - C t Reached number of cy
25、cles of treated test cubes - n Indicating the number of cycles carried out - W n Change of mass after the n cycle % W n Mass of a test cube after n cycles g W 0 Mass of a test cube before immersion for 24 h in 3 % NaCl solution g W t1 Mass of test cube immediately prior to treatment g W t2 Mass of t
26、est cube immediately after treatment g W e Mass of a test cube after immersion for 24 h in 3 % NaCl solution gEN 13581:2002 (E) 5 4 Principle The principle of the test method described in this standard is to compare the loss of mass and visible defects of treated and untreated test cubes from the sa
27、me batch of concrete. The difference between the reached cycles of treated and untreated test cubes characterizes the effectiveness of a hydrophobic impregnant. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Eight moulds for concrete cubes (100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm). 5.2 Laboratory or chamber maintained at constant temperature (2
28、1 2) C and relative humidity of (60 10) %. 5.3 Four brass or stainless steel watertight containers with a width of (120 10) mm, a length of (260 10) mm and a height of (150 10) mm. The sheet metal shall be approximately 1 mm thick. The containers are closed with lids which shall be designed so that
29、they cannot be lifted off when the chamber is flooded. The lid of one container shall have an opening for placing a thermocouple to measure the temperature in the centre of one test cube. 5.4 Thermocouples, or an equivalent temperature measuring device with which the temperature shall be measured to
30、 an accuracy of 0,5 C. A continuous recording device shall be used measuring and recording the temperature at least every 10 min over a period of 24 h. 5.5 An automatically-controlled freezing chamber with a flooding device. The performance of the freezing chamber shall be designed so that it is pos
31、sible to maintain the temperature cycle referred to Figure 1 for each of the test cubes placed in it. 5.6 Brush, with short (about 20 mm), soft bristles for brushing off scaled material. 5.7 Spray bottle, containing tap water for washing off scaled material. 5.8 Drying cabinet, for a temperature of
32、at least 110 C. 5.9 Balance, with an accuracy within 0,1 g. 5.10 Desiccator cabinet containing silica gel 5.11 Fume cupboard 5.12 Sodium-chloride solution; 3 percent by weight. 5.13 One 5 l beaker with suitable spacers to support test cubes. 5.14 One 150 mm diameter petri dish with 2 spacers glued t
33、o bottom of dish to support the test cubes during treatment. 6 Preparation of test samples Eight 100 mm concrete test cubes shall be cast from a single batch of type C (0,70) concrete and cured for 28 days according to EN 1766. No mould oil or release agent shall be used. After removal from the curi
34、ng tank, the test cubes shall be cleaned with tap water using a soft brush (5.6) to remove any loose material. The surface of the test cubes shall not be grit blasted. The test cubes shall then be conditioned for at least 60 days at a temperature of (21 2) C an a relative humidity of (60 10) %.EN 13
35、581:2002 (E) 6 7 Treatment Four test cubes (No. 1 - 4) shall be treated in a fume cupboard (5.11) with the fan on after the conditioning of the specimens. Each cube shall be treated by dipping each face in the impregnant. Immediately prior to treatment of each face, the cube shall be weighed (W t1 )
36、. 60 ml of the material shall be measured into a petri dish 150 mm in diameter (5.14). One side of the cube, supported on the 2 mm plastic spacers, shall be dipped in the material for (120 5) s, and then removed. Excess liquid on the cube shall be allowed to drain back into the dish (5.14) and the c
37、ube immediately reweighed (W t2 ). The excess material in the dish is then to be discarded. This procedure shall be repeated for first side of the other two cubes. The consumption (C n ) of the material for each face of the cube shall be calculated as follows : 01 0 1 2 , W W C t t n in grams by squ
38、are meters (1) The above procedure shall be repeated on the remaining faces of each of the cubes and the average consumption for each cube shall be calculated. The mean consumption (C m ) for the three test cubes shall be calculated. If the consumption is below the manufacturers recommended value th
39、e time of dipping can be extended. If it is not practical to treat test cubes by this method, the treatment should be carried out in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. The cubes shall be stored in a climate (21 2) C and (60 10) % R. H. for 14 days after the treatment suitably supported
40、to allow air circulation around each of the 6 faces. 8 Test procedure One day before the start of the freezing test, the mass of the 8 test cubes is determined with an accuracy of 0,1 g (W 0 ). The 8 test cubes provided for the freezing test shall then be placed in four containers (5.3) so that the
41、faces which were uppermost during manufacture are perpendicular to the base of the container and that there shall be about 10 mm distance between the test cubes and the steel containers. The containers shall be filled with 3 % sodium-chloride-solution (5.12) until the solution covers the test cubes
42、by more than 20 mm and less than 30 mm. 24 h after the start of this storage the mass of each test cube shall be determined again to an accuracy of 0,1 g (W e ) and the quantity of fluid absorbed in 24 h (C abs ) is calculated from the increase in mass following the equation 2 : 100 e o e abs W W W
43、C in % (2) The means values C abs, mare to be calculated from the single values C absof treated and untreated test cubes. The temperature of the freezing chamber (5.5) shall be controlled so that the temperature at the centre of the test cube corresponds to the solid line in Figure 1 and shall not l
44、eave the shaded area in the diagram. The air temperature shall not fall below - 25 C.EN 13581:2002 (E) 7 Immediately after the determination of W ethe containers containing the test cubes immersed in 3 % sodium-chloride-solution shall be placed with closed lids in the freezing chamber ensuring that
45、they are evenly distributed. The freeze-thaw cycle then begins. The containers shall be changed around once a week; they are turned through 180 and interchanged on a cyclic basis. The number of containers in the freezing chamber shall always be the same. If only a few test cubes are to be tested, co
46、ntainers with “blank test cubes“ shall be put in for this purpose. The containers shall not be placed on top of each other. Immediately after the 16 h cooling/freezing phase, the freezing chamber is flooded with water or the containers are put into a water bath of (21 2) C so that the water level sh
47、all be (20 5) mm below the brims of the containers. The thawing phase shall last a total of 8 h. 15 min before the end of the 8 h thawing phase the water is pumped out of the freezing chamber for a maximum time of 15 min. The water shall always be in circulation and be kept at a constant temperature
48、 at (21 2) C during the entire thawing process. The test shall last 50 cycles. One cycle lasts 24 h (see Figure 1). If, in exceptional cases, it is necessary to interrupt the test, the temperature of the containers with the test cubes shall be maintained at (- 15 2) C. 1 2 3 4 5 Key 1 Temperature in
49、 C 2 Temperature of the water bath 3 Temperature in the center of a 100 mm cube 4 Temperature range 5 Time in h Figure 1 Temperature behaviour pattern in the centre of a test tube The breakpoints specifying the shaded area in Figure 1 are given in Table 1 :EN 13581:2002 (E) 8 Table 1 Limit values of the temperature curve shown in Figure 1 (shaded area) Temperature in C Time in h upper limit lower limit 0 2 4 16 23 2 2 - 13 19 - 2 -
