1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1388-1:1996 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Silicate surfaces Part 1: Determination of the release of lead and cadmium from ceramic ware The European Standard EN 1388-1:1995 has the status of a British Standard ICS 67.040; 81.060.20 BS EN 1388-1:1996 This Bri
2、tish Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 July 1996 BSI 29 June 2004 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee refe
3、rence CW/47 Draft for comment 94/304312 DC ISBN 0 580 25500 X Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee CW/47, Materials in contact with food, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation A
4、ssociation of Metropolitan Authorities Association of Public Analysts British Adhesives and Sealants Association British Ceramic Gift and Tableware Manufacturers Association British Coatings Federation Ltd. British Glass Manufacturers Confederation British Importers Confederation British Plastics Fe
5、deration British Retail Consortium British Rubber Manufacturers Association Ltd. British Stainless Steel Association Catering Utensils Association Cooperative Union Cutlery and Allied Trades Research Association Department of Trade and Industry (Consumer Safety Unit, CA Division) Department of Trade
6、 and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Hotel and Catering International Management Association Institute of Trading Standards Administration ITRI Ltd. Leatherhead Food Research Association METCOM Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Packaging and Industrial Films Association Pap
7、er Federation of Great Britain Pira International Royal Society of Chemistry Vitreous Enamel Development Council The following body was also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Ceramic Research Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date
8、CommentsBS EN 1388-1:1996 BSI 29 June 2004 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 1388-1 3 List of references Inside back coverBS EN 1388-1:1996 ii BSI 29 June 2004 National foreword This Part of BS EN 1388 has been prepared by Technical
9、Committee CW/47 and is the English language version of EN 1388-1:1995, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Silicate surfaces Part 1: Determination of the release of lead and cadmium from ceramic ware, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). BS 6748:1986, which sp
10、ecifies limits for the release of lead and cadmium from ceramic ware, remains current because it is referred to in UK regulations. EN 1388-1 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the United Kingdom took an active part. This publication does not purport to include all the nec
11、essary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard BS 700 Graduated pipettes ISO 835-1:1981 Part 1:19
12、82 Specification for general requirements ISO 835-2:1981 Part 2:1982 Specification for pipettes for which no waiting time is specified ISO 1042:1983 BS 1792:1982 Specification for one-mark volumetric flasks ISO 3585:1991 BS 2598 Glass plant, pipeline and fittings Part 1:1991 Specification for proper
13、ties of borosilicate glass 3.3 ISO 3696:1987 BS EN ISO 3696:1995 Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods ISO 4788:1980 BS 604:1982 Specification for graduated glass measuring cylinders Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i a
14、nd ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 13 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1388-1 October 1995 ICS 67.040; 81.060.20 Descriptors: Food industry, human nutrition, food,
15、food-container contact, silicates, lead, cadmium, emission, ceramics, tests, chemical analysis, samples, determination of content, computation English version Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Silicate surfaces Part 1: Determination of the release of lead and cadmium from ceramic war
16、e Matriaux et articles en contact avec les denres alimentaires Surfaces silicates Partie 1: Dtermination de lmission de plomb et de cadmium par les articles en cramique Werkstoffe und Gegenstnde in Kontakt mit Lebensmitteln Silicatische Oberflchen Teil 1: Bestimmung der Abgabe von Blei und Cadmium a
17、us keramischen Gegenstnden This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-10-04. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists a
18、nd bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsib
19、ility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Po
20、rtugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1995 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means rese
21、rved in all countries to CEN and its members. Ref. No. EN 1388-1:1995 EEN 1388-1:1995 BSI 29 June 2004 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by a Working Group (3) of CEN/TC 194, Utensils in contact with food, of which the Secretariat is held by BSI, as one of two standards for release
22、 of lead and cadmium. A further Part of this European Standard will be prepared with the following title: EN 1388-2, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Silicate surfaces Part 2: Determination of the release of lead and cadmium from silicate surfaces other than ceramic ware. The text o
23、f the draft was submitted to the unique acceptance procedure and was approved by CEN as a European Standard. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 1996, and conflicting national st
24、andards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 1996. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the EC Directive(s). In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re
25、gulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1S
26、 c o p e 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 4 4P r i n c i p l e 5 5R e a g e n t s 5 6 Apparatus 6 7S a m p l e s 7 8 Preparation of samples 7 9 Procedure 8 10 Expression of results 9 11 Test report 11 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 12EN 1388-1:1995 BSI 29 June 2004 3 Introduction The pro
27、blem of lead and cadmium release from ceramic ware requires effective means of control to ensure the protection of the population against possible hazards arising from the use of improperly formulated, applied and fired glazes and decorations on the food contact surfaces of ceramic ware used for the
28、 preparation, serving and storage of foodstuffs. NOTE Articles which are highly coloured or decorated on their food contact surfaces or which have a high surface area/volume ratio are more likely than other articles to release lead and/or cadmium. The Council of the European Communities has adopted
29、a specific Directive for the measurement of possible migration of lead and cadmium from ceramic articles which, in their finished state, are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, or which are in contact with foodstuffs, and are intended for that purpose. In Directive 84/500/EEC Annex I desc
30、ribes “Basic rules for determining the migration of lead and cadmium”. In Annex II, atomic absorption spectroscopy is prescribed as the method of analysis. Technical Committee 194 of the European Committee for Standardization has undertaken the task of setting up European Standards for methods of te
31、st for silicate surfaces on the basis of the Directive and to harmonize at the same time existing national standards. International Standard ISO 6486-1 was considered in this work. This Part of the European Standard specifies the method of test for the determination of lead and cadmium released from
32、 ceramic surfaces. At the time of development of the Directive 84/500/EEC, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) was the usual method and this test method is used, although now other analytical methods exist. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a reference method for determining the relea
33、se of lead and cadmium from ceramic articles which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the te
34、xt and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to appli
35、es. ISO 385-1, Laboratory glassware Burettes Part 1: General requirements. ISO 385-2, Laboratory glassware Burettes Part 2: Burettes for which no waiting time is specified. ISO 648, Laboratory glassware One-mark pipettes. ISO 835-1, Laboratory glassware Graduated pipettes Part 1: General requirement
36、s. ISO 835-2, Laboratory glassware Graduated pipettes Part 2: Pipettes for which no waiting time is specified. ISO 835-3, Laboratory glassware Graduated pipettes Part 3: Pipettes for which a waiting time of 15 s is specified. ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware One-mark volumetric flasks. ISO 3585, Glass
37、 plant, pipeline and fittings Properties of borosilicate glass 3.3. ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specifications and test methods. ISO 4788, Laboratory glassware Graduated measuring cylinders.EN 1388-1:1995 4 BSI 29 June 2004 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the follo
38、wing definitions apply. 3.1 foodware articles which are intended to be used for the preparation, cooking, serving and storage of food or drinks, including tanks and vessels 3.2 flatware articles which cannot be filled and articles which can be filled, the internal depth of which, measured from the l
39、owest point to the horizontal plane passing through the upper rim, does not exceed 25 mm NOTE These articles are in category 1 of Directive 84/500/EEC. 3.3 holloware articles which can be filled, the internal depth of which, measured from the horizontal plane passing through the lowest point of the
40、upper rim, exceeds 25 mm, excepting holloware items having a filling volume exceeding 31, which are classed as storage vessels NOTE Those articles with an internal depth of more than 25 mm are in category 2 of Directive 84/500/EEC and storage vessels are in category 3 of Directive 84/500/EEC. 3.4 co
41、oking ware foodware, specifically intended to be heated in the course of preparation of food and drinks by means such as steaming, boiling, braising, stewing, roasting, baking or by microwaves NOTE These articles are in category 3 of Directive 84/500/EEC. 3.5 ceramic ware ceramic articles which are
42、intended to come into contact with foodstuffs; for example, foodware made of china, porcelain and earthenware, whether glazed or not 3.6 storage vessel article having a capacity of 31 or more 3.7 test solution solution used to extract lead and cadmium from silicate surfaces 3.8 extract solution aque
43、ous acidic solution obtained from the exposure of a silicate surface to the test solution 3.9 sample measuring solution solution used for measuring the concentration of the analyte, and may be the extract solution or an appropriately diluted extract solution 3.10 analyte element or constituent to be
44、 determined 3.11 stock solution solution of appropriate composition containing the analyte, in a known high concentrationEN 1388-1:1995 BSI 29 June 2004 5 3.12 standard solution solution containing the analyte, in known concentration suitable for the preparation of calibration solutions 3.13 set of
45、calibration solutions set of simple or synthetic calibration solutions having different analyte concentrations. The zero number is, in principle, the solution having zero concentration of the analyte 3.14 atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method for determining the concentration of chemical eleme
46、nts based on the measurement of the absorption of characteristic electromagnetic radiation by atoms in the vapour phase 3.15 optimum working range range of concentrations of an analyte in solution over which the relationship between absorption and concentration is linear, or sufficiently closely app
47、roximates to linearity so that any divergence at the prescribed limit of concentration does not discernably affect any analytical determination 3.16 direct method of determination; analytical-curve technique method consisting of inserting the measure obtained in the analytical function, and deducing
48、 from it the concentration of the analyte 3.17 analytical function; calibration function function relating the value of the concentration to the characteristic value obtained from the set of calibration solutions. The graph of this function is called the “analytical curve (calibration graph)” 3.18 b
49、racketing technique method consisting of bracketing the measured absorbance or intensity of the sample solution between two measurements made on calibration solutions of neighbouring concentrations 3.19 reference surface area; S R area intended to come into contact with foodstuffs 4 Principle Ceramic articles are placed in contact with 40 ml/l acetic acid solution for 24 h at 22 C to extrac
