1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14255-1:2005 Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation Part 1: Ultraviolet radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplace The European Standard EN 14255-1:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 17.240 BS EN 14255-1:2005 T
2、his British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 21 April 2005 BSI 21 April 2005 ISBN 0 580 45888 1 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14255-1:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was
3、 entrusted by Technical Committee CPL/34, Lamps and related equipment, to Subcommittee CPL/34/10, Light and lighting, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which im
4、plement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication
5、does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/Euro
6、pean committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pa
7、ges 2 to 32, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN142551 March2005 ICS17.240 Englishversion Me
8、asurementandassessmentofpersonalexposuresto incoherentopticalradiationPart1:Ultravioletradiationemitted byartificialsourcesintheworkplace Mesurageetvaluationdelexpositiondespersonnesaux rayonnementsoptiquesincohrentsPartie1: Rayonnementsultravioletsmispardessources artificiellessurleslieuxdetravail
9、MessungundBeurteilungvonpersonenbezogenen ExpositionengegenberinkohrenteroptischerStrahlung Teil1:VonknstlichenQuellenamArbeitsplatzemittierte ultravioletteStrahlung ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon3February2005. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatethec
10、onditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,Germa
11、n).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,
12、Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels
13、2005CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN142551:2005:EEN 14255-1:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 General procedure.7 5 Preliminary Review8 6 Work task anal
14、ysis.8 7 Measurement of the exposure9 7.1 Planning9 7.2 Quantities to be determined .10 7.3 Selection of method.10 7.4 Requirements for the measurement methods 11 7.5 Implementation 13 7.6 Expression of results 14 8 Assessment of the exposure14 8.1 General14 8.2 Comparison with limit value.14 8.3 St
15、atement14 8.4 Additional information 15 9 Decision about protective measures.15 10 Repetition of measurement and assessment .15 11 Report .15 11.1 Short report 15 11.2 Full report .16 Annex A (informative) Flowchart of procedure 17 Annex B (informative) Tables (examples) for work task analysis 18 An
16、nex C (informative) Commonly used radiation measurement devices .20 Annex D (informative) Methods for the measurement of UV-exposures.22 D.1 General22 D.2 Methods A to F for the measurement of the ultraviolet hazard radiant exposure H s(180 nm to 400 nm).22 D.3 Methods G to L for the measurement of
17、the radiant exposure H (315 nm to 400 nm) 25 D.4 Methods M to P for the measurement of the irradiance E (315 nm to 400 nm) .28 Annex E (informative) Examples of protective measures .31 Bibliography 32 EN 14255-1:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14255-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Commi
18、ttee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
19、 at the latest by September 2005. This document includes a Bibliography. EN 14255 Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation is published in four parts: Part 1 (this part): Ultraviolet radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplace Part 2: Visible and
20、infrared radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplace (in preparation) Part 3: UV-Radiation Natural sources (in preparation) Part 4: Terminology and quantities used in UV-, visible and IR-exposure measurements (in preparation) According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nation
21、al standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Port
22、ugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14255-1:2005 (E) 4 Introduction People may be exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the workplace. The most important natural source for such UV-radiation is the sun. There are also artificial UV-radiation sources, where
23、UV-radiation is intentionally emitted to achieve the purpose of the sources application (e.g. UV-lamps for drying of printing colours, UV- lamps for testing of material, lamps for UV-disinfection, UV-phototherapy of patients and solaria devices, etc.) or where UV-radiation is unintentionally produce
24、d (such as welding arcs, some types of lamps, etc.). Time spent near these artificial sources may result in significant UV-exposure. When people are irradiated by UV-radiation, injuries may occur. The eyes and the skin may be damaged by short term UV-irradiation of high intensity. Typical injuries a
25、re photoconjunctivitis and photokeratitis of the eye and UV-erythema of the skin. Minor doses of UV-radiation may induce or aggravate some diseases like porphyria or lupus erythematosis or may trigger phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. But additionally, long term UV-irradiation may result in da
26、mage to the eyes and skin, such as cataracts, skin aging and skin cancer. In order to avoid short term injuries and reduce additional risks from long term UV-exposures national regulations and international recommendations require restriction of UV-exposures in the workplace. To achieve this, it is
27、necessary to determine the level of UV-exposure and assess its gravity. The determination of the level of UV-exposure can be done by measurement of the UV-exposure of the people likely to be exposed. Determination of the severity of an UV-exposure is normally done by comparison of the determined UV-
28、exposure level with the required or recommended limit value. When the UV-exposure level complies with the limit value no further action is necessary. When the limit value is exceeded protective measures have to be applied in order to decrease the UV-exposure. As the exposure situation in the workpla
29、ce may change, it may be necessary to repeat the determination and assessment of UV-exposure at a later time. UV radiation exposure measurements are often costly and time consuming. So it is reasonable to avoid measurements if possible, i. e. if the personal UV radiation exposure can be estimated an
30、d either exceeds the limit values by far or is far below the limit values. In some cases, the manufacturer may have classified a device according to International Standards such as EN 12198 and CIE S009. Knowledge of the classification of all potential sources of UV may allow a sufficiently precise
31、assessment of hazard to be made without further measurement. Another approach could be to use known spectral data of sources in combination with calculation software in order to estimate exposure level 6. UV- exposure measurements are only necessary if it cannot be estimated in advance whether the l
32、imit values will be exceeded or not. So as a first step of the assessment procedure it is useful to carry out a preliminary review including an exposure estimation. This document does not specify UV-exposure limit values. UV-exposure limit values are set in national regulations or provided by intern
33、ational organizations, such as the International Commission for Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 1-3. This document specifies the procedures for measurement and assessment of UV-exposures in the workplace. As the results of measurement and assessment of UV- exposure depend on the method of
34、 implementation, it is important to carry out measurements and assessments in a standardised way. EN 14255-1:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies procedures for the measurement and assessment of personal exposures to ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by artificial sources, where adverse effec
35、ts can not readily be excluded. NOTE 1 Adverse effects will usually not occur in exposures caused by commonly used artificial lighting. However, exposures to very strong light sources or light sources with extended spectra may cause a health risk nevertheless. This document applies to UV-exposures i
36、n indoor and outdoor workplaces. It does not apply to UV-exposures in leisure time. This document does not apply to UV-exposure caused by the sun. NOTE 2 Part 3 of this standard will deal with UV-exposure caused by the sun. This document does not specify UV-exposure limit values. It supports the app
37、lication of limit values set by national regulations or international recommendations. This document applies to UV-exposures by artificial incoherent sources, which emit spectral lines as well as continuous spectra. This document does not apply to coherent radiation sources. NOTE 3 Coherent optical
38、radiation sources are covered by standards for lasers, like EN 60825-1 etc This document applies to UV-exposures in the wavelength band 180 nm to 400 nm. This document does not apply to radiation exposures which concern the retina. NOTE 4 Part 2 of this standard will address these effects. This docu
39、ment does not apply to radiation emissions of products. NOTE 5 For radiation emissions of products other standards apply, such as: EN 60335-2-27 (IEC 60335-2-27) for sunbeds, EN 60335-2-59 (IEC 60335-2-59) for insect killers and EN 12198 for radiation emissions of machinery. 2 Normative references T
40、he following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty
41、in measurement. CIE 17.4:1987, International lighting vocabulary Chapter 845: lighting. EN 14255-1:2005 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 Quantities, symbols and units For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in CIE 17.4:1987 and the following apply. (see Table 1) Table 1 Sy
42、mbols Symbol Quantity Unit Wavelength nm E Irradiance W/m E () Spectral irradiance W/(mnm) E sUltraviolet hazard irradiance W/m H Radiant exposure J/m H () Spectral radiant exposure J/(mnm) H sUltraviolet hazard radiant exposure J/m t exp Exposure duration s s() Ultraviolet hazard weighting function
43、 NOTE 1 CIE is the International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated as CIE from its French title) Values for the spectral weighting function s() are to be taken from the set of limit values applied. NOTE 2 E.g. if s() is chosen to correspond to the ICNIRP relative spectral effectiveness S 1-3,
44、the ultraviolet hazard irradiance E s will correspond to the ICNIRP effective irradiance E eff and the ultraviolet hazard radiant exposure H s will correspond to the ICNIRP effective radiant exposure H eff (see 6.2). 3.2 Relationships between quantities 3.2.1 irradiance E calculated from the spectra
45、l irradiance E () by: () d = 2 1 (1) 3.2.2 ultraviolet hazard irradiance E s wavelength integrated product of the spectral irradiance E () and the ultraviolet hazard weighting function s(): d ) ( ) ( 2 1 s s E = (2) 3.2.3 spectral radiant exposure H ( ) integral of the spectral irradiance E () with
46、respect to exposure duration t exp : EN 14255-1:2005 (E) 7 = exp d ) ( ) ( t t (3) 3.2.4 radiant exposure H either calculated from the integral of the spectral radiant exposures H () with respect to the wavelength range: () d = 2 1 (4) Or calculated from the integral of the irradiance E with respect
47、 to exposure duration t exp : () = exp d t t t E H (5) 3.2.5 ultraviolet hazard radiant exposure H s either calculated from the spectral radiant exposure H () by: s = 2 1 d ) ( ) ( s (6) Or calculated from the ultraviolet hazard irradiance E sby: () = exp d t s t s t (7) 4 General procedure In order
48、 to measure and assess the UV-exposure in the workplace the following steps shall be carried out: a) Preliminary Review b) Work task analysis c) Measurement of the UV-exposure d) Assessment of the UV-exposure e) Decision about protective measures f) Decision about a repetition of the UV-exposure measurement and assessment g) Preparation of a report Details of these procedures a
