1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1862:1998 BS 2782-1
2、2: Method 1209C: 1998 The European Standard EN 1862:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 23.040.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Plastics piping systems Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes Determination of the relative flexural creep
3、factor following exposure to a chemical environmentThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 April 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 29323 8 BS EN 1862:1
4、998 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1862:1997. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/61, Plastics piping systems and components, which has the resp
5、onsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organi
6、zations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This international standard is incorporated into BS 2782 Methods of testing plastics : Part 12 : Reinforced plastics pipes, fittings and valves, as Method 1209C, for association with related test methods for plastics
7、materials and plastics piping components. This test method has been prepared for reference by other standards under preparation by CEN for specification of plastics piping and ducting systems and components. It has been implemented to enable experience of the method to be gained and for use for othe
8、r fresh applications. It is also for use for the revision or amendment of other national standards as practicable, but it should not be presumed to apply to any existing standard or specification which contains or makes reference to a different test method until that standard/specification has been
9、amended or revised to make reference to this method and adjust any requirements as appropriate. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled Internatio
10、nal Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Warning note. This British
11、 Standard, which is identical with EN 1862:1997, does not necessarily detail all the precautions necessary to meet the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. Attention should be paid to any appropriate safety precautions and the method should be operated only by trained personn
12、el. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Eu
13、rope en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1862:1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1862 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROP
14、A ISCHE NORM August 1997 ICS 23.040.20 Descriptors: Piping, thermosetting, glass reinforced, pipes, resistance, chemicals, creep factor English version Plastics piping systems Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes Determination of the relative flexural creep factor following exposure t
15、o a chemical environment Syste mes de canalisations en plastiques Tubes en plastiques thermodurcissable renforce sd e verre (PRV) De termination du facteur de fluage relatif en flexion a la suite dune exposition a un environnement chimique Kunststoff-Rohrleitungssysteme Rohre aus glasfaserversta rkt
16、en duroplastischen Kunststoffen (GFK) Ermittlung des relativen Kriechfaktors bei Biegung nach Lagerung in einer chemischen Umgebung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-04-27. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for g
17、iving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official ve
18、rsions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium
19、, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 1862:1997 BSI 1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 155, Plastics pi
20、ping systems and ducting systems, the secretariat of which is held by NNI. The material-dependent test parameters and performance requirements are incorporated in the referring standard. This standard is one of a series of standards on test methods which support System Standards for plastics piping
21、systems and ducting systems. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 1998. According to the C
22、EN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Swed
23、en, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Page 3 EN 1862:1997 BSI 1998 1 Scope This standard specifies a method for determination of the relative creep factor of glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes following exposure of the inside to a chemical environment. This standard is applicable t
24、o pipes having a nominal size up to and including DN 600. 2 Normative references This standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dat
25、ed references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 761, Plastics piping systems Glass-reinforced thermos
26、etting plastics (GRP) pipes Determination of the creep factor under dry conditions EN 1228, Plastics piping systems Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes Determination of initial specific ring stiffness 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3
27、.1 control specimen cut piece of the pipe to be tested which is not exposed to the test chemical 3.2 test specimen cut piece of the pipe to be tested which is exposed to the test chemical 3.3 test piece cut piece of either the control specimen (see 3.1)o r the test specimen (see 3.2)t ob e physicall
28、y/mechanically tested 3.4 creep factor (R c ) ratio between the ring stiffness (see 3.5) after 24 h to the ring stiffness after 1 h calculated using the following equation: R c = (1) 3 100 S 24h S 1h where: R c is the creep factor, expressed in per cent; S 1h is the ring stiffness at time t =1h ; S
29、24h is the ring stiffness at time t =2 4h or the ratio between the vertical deflection (see 3.7) after 1 h to the vertical deflection after 24 h calculated using the following equation: R c = (2) 3 100 f 24h 3 y 1h f 1h 3 y 24h where: R c is the creep factor, expressed in per cent; f 1h is the defle
30、ction coefficient (see 3.9)a t time t =1h ; f 24h is the deflection coefficient (see 3.9)a t time t =2 4h ; y 1h is the deflection at time t =1h ; y 24h is the deflection at time t =2 4h . It is expressed in per cent. 3.5 specific ring stiffness (S) physical characteristic of the pipe which is a mea
31、sure of the resistance to ring deflection under external load. This characteristic is determined by testing in accordance with EN 1228 and is defined, in newtons per square metre, by the equation: S = E3 I d m 3 where: E is the apparent modulus of elasticity as determined in the ring stiffness test,
32、 in newtons per square metre; I is the moment of inertia (the second moment of area) in the longitudinal direction per metre length, expressed in metres to the fourth power per metre, i.e.: I = e 3 12 where: e is the wall thickness of the pipe, in metres; d m is the mean diameter (see 3.6) of the pi
33、pe, in metres.Page 4 EN 1862:1997 BSI 1998 3.6 mean diameter (d m ) diameter of the circle corresponding with the middle of the pipe wall cross section. It is given, in metres, by either of the following equations: d m = d i + e m d m = d e 2 e m where: d i is the average of the measured internal di
34、ameters, in metres; d e is the average of the measured external diameters, in metres; e m is the average of the measured wall thicknesses of the pipe, in metres. 3.7 vertical deflection (y) vertical change in diameter of a horizontal pipe in response to a vertical compressive load (see 3.8). It is e
35、xpressed in metres. 3.8 compressive load (F) load applied to a horizontal pipe to cause a vertical deflection. It is expressed in newtons. 3.9 deflection coefficient (f) coefficient which takes into account the second order theory and of which the value is given by the following equation: f = 1 8 6
36、0+( 2 5 0 03y /d m )3 10 25 (3) where: y is the vertical deflection, in metres; d m is the mean diameter, in metres. 3.10 relative creep factor (R F2 ) ratio of the creep factor of the test specimen to the creep factor of the control specimen given by the following equation: R F2 = (4) R c,t R c,0 w
37、here: R c,t is the creep factor of the test specimen (see 3.2 and 3.4); R c,0 is the creep factor of the control specimen (see 3.1 and 3.4). 4 Principle A test specimen comprising a cut length of pipe with closed ends and approximately half filled with a chemical liquid is stored vertically for a sp
38、ecified period of time under specified conditions. After storage, ring test pieces cut from the specimen are tested to determine the change in creep factor of the test specimen compared, as a ratio, to that of a control specimen which has not been exposed to the chemical liquid. NOTE It is assumed t
39、hat the following test parameters are set by the standard making reference to this standard: a) the number of test specimens and control specimens (see 6.1); b) the length of the specimen (see 6.2); c) the conditioning requirements, if applicable (see clause 7); d) the composition of the test liquid
40、 (see 8.1); e) the test temperature (see 8.2.1); f) the test period(s) (see 8.2.2); g) the test method for creep tests (see 9.1); h) the number of test pieces (see 9.2.1); i) the length of the test pieces (see 9.2.2). 5 Apparatus 5.1 Heating device, if required, comprising an oven or other device ca
41、pable of keeping the test liquid at a specified test temperature within the required tolerances. 5.2 Compressive loading machine, comprising a system by means of which one or more test pieces can be compressed by compressive load (see 9.3), determined to an accuracy of 1 % of the maximum indicated a
42、pplied value via two parallel load application surfaces conforming to 5.3. NOTE Care may be necessary to ensure that the applied load is not affected by friction effects. 5.3 Load application surfaces 5.3.1 General arrangement The surfaces shall be provided by a pair of plates (see 5.3.2), or a pair
43、 of beam bars (see 5.3.3), or a combination of one such plate and one such bar, with their major axes perpendicular to and centred on the direction of application of load F by the compressive loading machine, as shown in Figure 1. The surfaces to be in contact with the test piece shall be flat, smoo
44、th, clean and parallel. Plates and beam bars shall have a length at least equal to the test piece (see 9.2.2), and have a thickness such that visible deformation does not occur during the test.Page 5 EN 1862:1997 BSI 1998 Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the apparatus 5.3.2 Plates The plate(s) shall ha
45、ve a width of at least 100 mm. 5.3.3 Beam bars Each beam bar shall have rounded edges, a flat face (see Figure 1) without sharp edges and a width dependent upon the nominal size of the pipe as follows: a) for pipes with a nominal size not greater than 300 the width shall be (20 5) mm; b) for pipes o
46、f nominal sizes greater than 300 the width shall be (50 5) mm. The beam bars shall be so constructed and supported that no other surface of the beam bar structure shall come into contact with the test piece during the test. 5.4 Dimensional measuring devices, capable of determining: the necessary dim
47、ensions (length, diameter, wall thickness) to an accuracy of within 1,0 %; the change in diameter of the test piece in the vertical direction during the test to an accuracy of within 1,0 % of the maximum value of the measured change. 5.5 Specimen closure devices, comprising plates and gaskets see a)
48、 or caps see b). a) Two circular plates made from a material which is inert to the liquid and having a sufficient number of equally spaced holes on a circumference with a minimum diameter equal to the outside diameter of the pipe plus 20 mm. The diameter of each hole shall be suitable for the rods t
49、o be used for clamping in conjunction with a gasket, as shown in Figure 2. If the material of the chemically inert plates cannot be drilled or does not support concentrated loads, a second plate or collar of a different material may be placed at the outside of each inert plate for clamping purposes. This plate shall also have a hole with a plug for filling purposes and which optionally will accommodate a reflux condenser. b) End caps, made from either a material inert to the chemical being used or from
